5-PEN PC TECHNOLOGY

BY P.B.R.SRIDEVI(2/4IT), S.ROOPYA(2/4IT).

ABSTRACT
Five pen pc shortly called as P-ISM (Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package), is nothing but the new discovery, which is under developing stage by NEC Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a CPU pen, communication pen with a cellular phone function, virtual keyb oard, a very smallprojector, and a ca mera. P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function.

INTRODUCTION
Computer affects our life in a much bigger way then most of us might have thought. It has become a compulsory requirement in most professions to be able to use computer software. The first

computer invented was the ENIAC in 1943 which was the same size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern PCs. Modern computers which are based on integrated circuits are small enough to fit into mobile devices. One of the most compacted computers out right now are table computers with the most popular being the IPad, but even that is 9.1inch and weighing about 700grams. But imagine having a computer will fit on your pencil case. P-ISM (Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package), which is nothing but the new discovery, which is under developing, stage by NEC Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing. It is shown below. A tablet personal computer (tablet PC) is a portable personal computer equipped with a touch screen as a primary input device and designed to be operated and

owned by an individual. The term was made popular as a concept presented by Microsoft in 2001, but tablet PCs now refer to any tabletsized personal computer, even if it's not using Windows but another PC operating system. Tablets may use virtual keyboards and handwriting recognition for text input through the touchscreen. All tablet personal computers have a wireless adapter for Internet and local network connection. Software applications for tablet PCs include office suites, web browsers, games and a variety of applications. However, since portable computer hardware components are low powered, demanding PC applications may not provide an ideal experience to the user.

HISTORY
The conceptual prototype of the "pen" computer was built in 2003. The prototype device, dubbed the "P-ISM", was a "Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget" created in 2003 by Japanese technology company NEC. The P-ISM was featured at the 2003 ITU Telecom World held in Geneva, Switzerland .The designer of the 5 Pen Technology,Toru Ichihash, said that In developing this concept he asked himself What is the future of IT when it is small? The pen was a logical choice. He also wanted a product that you could touch and feel. Further, the intent is to allow

for an office anywhere.However, although a conceptual prototype of the "pen" computer was built in 2003; such devices are not yet available to consumers. An article about the device published on the Wave Report website in 2004. A Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package .It seems that information terminals are infinitely getting smaller. However, we will continue to manipulate them with our hands for now. We have visualized the connection between the latest technology and the human, in a form of a pen. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through shortrange wireless technology .The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalistic pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing .However, the prototype displayed at ITU Telecom World was apparently the only sample that was built and reportedly cost $30,000. Thus, while the prototype may have proved that such technology is feasible, it is currently unclear when - or even if - personal computers of this type will become available to the public. Several years on from

the initial launch of the P-ISM conceptual prototype, there seems to be little information available about future plans.

5 PEN PC TECHNOLOGY
Pen PC, which is nothing but the new discovery, which is under developing, stage by NEC Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing. A 5 Pen PC system contains the following components:

PEN FUNCTIONS
1. CPUPEN The functionality of the CPU is done by one of the pen. It is also known as computing engine. It consists of dual core processor embedded in it and it works with WINDOWS operation system. The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. The central processing unit carries out each instruction of thin the computer industry at least since the early 1960s. The form, designand implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same. Early CPUs were custom designed as a part of a larger, somet imes one-of-a-kind, and computer. However, this costly method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-produced processors that are made for one or many purposes. This standardization trend generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and mini computers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit(IC). The IC

has allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed andmanufactured to tolerances on t he order of nanometres.Both the mi niaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of these digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application o f dedicated computing machine. The performance or speed of a processor depends on the clock rate and the instructions per clock (IPC), which together are the factors, for the instructions per second(IPS) that the CPU can perform .Many reported IPS values have represented "peak" execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches, whereas realistic workloads consist of a mi e program in sequence, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. This term has been in use i x of instructions and applications, some of which take longer to execute than others. The performance of the memory hierarchy also greatly affects processor performance, an issue barely considered in MIPS calculations. Because of these problems, various standardized tests such as SPECint have been developed to attempt to measure there all effective performance in commonly used applications.

Processing performance of computers is increased by using multi-core processors, which essentially is plugging two or more individual processors (called cores in this sense) into one integrated circuit. Ideally, a dual core processor would be nearly twice as powerful as a single core processor.In practice, however, the performance gain is far less, only about fifty percent, due to imperfect software algorithms and implementation.

2. COMMUNICATIONPEN

his techniques have been developed that do not require communication between the two d evices (such as Blue tooths Adaptiv e FrequencyHopping), the most efficient and comprehensive solution for the most serious problems can be accomplished by silicon vendors. They can implement information exchange capabilities within the designs of the Blue tooth. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum ,which chops up the data being sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 79 bands (1 MHz each centered from 2402 to 2480 MHz) in the range 2,4002,483.5 MHz (allowing for guard bands)

P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. They are connected through Triwireless modes (Blue tooth, 802.11B/G, and terabytes of data, exceeding the capacity of todays hard disks. This is very effective because we can able to connect whenever we need without having wires. They are used at the frequency band of 2.4 GHz ISM (although they use different access mechanisms). Blue tooth mechanism is used for exchanging signal status information between two devices. T

3. VIRTUAL KEYBOARD
The Virtual Laser Keyboard (VKB) is the ULTIMATE new gadget for PC users. The VKB emits laser on to the desk where it looks like the keyboard having QWERTY arrangement of keys i.e., it uses a laser beam to generate a full-size perfectly operating laser keyboard that smoothly connects to of PC and most of the handheld devices. As we type on the laser projection , it analyses what we are typing according to the co-ordinates of the location.

A virtual keyboard is a software component that allows a user to enter characters. A virtualkeyboard can usually be oper ated with multiple input devices, wh ich may include a touch screen ,an actual keyboard, a computer mouse, a head mouse and aneye mouse. On a desktop PC, one purpose of a virtual keyboard is to provide an alternative input mechanism for users with disabilities who cannot use a physical keyboard. Another major use for an on-screen keyboard is for bi- or multi-lingual users who switch frequently between different character sets or alphabets. Although hardware keyboards are available with dual key board layouts(for example Cyrillic/Latin letters in various national layouts), the on-screen keyboard provides a handy

substitute while working at different stations or on laptops ,which seldom come with dual layouts.The standard onscreen keyb oard utility on most windowing systems allow shot key switching between layouts from the physical keyboard (typically alt-shift but this is user configurable), simultaneously changing both the hardware and the software keyboard layout .In addition, a symbol in the systray alerts the user to the currently active layout .Although Linux supports this fast manual keyboardlayout switching function, many popular Linux on-screen keyboards such as gt key board, Matchboxkeyboard or Kvkbd do not react correctly. Kvkbd for example defines its visible layout according to the first defined layout in Key board Preferences rather than the default layout, causing the application to output incorrect characters if the first layout on the list is not the default. Activating a hot-key layout switch will cause the application to change its output according to another keyboard layout, but the visible onscreen layout doesn't change, leaving the user blind as to which keyboardlayout he is using. Multilingual, multialphabet users should choose a linu x on-screenkeyboard that support this feature instead, like Florence .Virtual keyboards are commonly used as an on-screen input method

in devices with no physical keyboard, where there is no room for one, such as a pocket computer , personal digital assistant(PDA),tablet computer or touch screen equipped mobile phone. It is common for the user to input text by tapping a virtual keyboard built into the operating system of the device. Virtual keyboards are also used as features of emulation software for systems that have fewer buttons than a computer keyboard would have. Virtual keyboards may be used in some cases to reduce the risk of keystroke logging. For example: Westpacs online banking service uses a virtual keyboard for the password entry, as does Treasury Direct (see picture). It is more difficult for malware to monitor the display andmouse to obtain the data entere d via the virtual keyboard, than it is to monitor realkeystrokes. However it is possible, for example by recording screenshots at regular intervals or upon each mouse click .The use of an onscreen keyboard on which the user "types" with mouse clicks can increase the risk of password disclosure by shoulder surfing, because: An observer can typically watch the screen more easily (and less suspiciously) than the keyboard,

and see which characters the mouse moves to. Some implementations of the onscreen keyboard may give visual feedback of the "key" clicked, e.g. by changing its color briefly. This makes it much easier for an observer to read the data from the screen. A user may not be able to "point and click" as fast as they could type on a keyboard, thus making it easier for the observer.

4. DIGITAL CAMERA
The digital camera is in the shape of pen .It is useful in video recording, video conferencing, simply it is called as web cam. It is also connected with other devices through Blue tooth. It is a 360 degrees visual communication device. This terminal will enable us to know about the surrounding atmosphere and group to group communication with a round display and a central super wide angle camera.

diagram of digital camera

A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both ,digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor . Most 21st century cameras are digital .Front and back of CanonPowerShotA95. Digital cameras can do things film ca meras cannot: displaying images on a screen immediately after they are recorded, storing thousands of images on a single small memory device, and deleting images to free storage space. The majority, including most compact cameras, can record moving video with sound as well as still photographs. Some can crop and stitch pictures and perform other elementary image editing. Some have a GPS receiver built in, and can produce

Geo tagged photographs .The optical system works the same as in film cameras, typically using a lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device. The diaphragm and shutter admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as with film but the image pick up device is electronic rather than chemical. Most digicams, apart from camera phones and a few specialized types, have a standard tripod screw .Digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called camera phones) to vehicles. The Hubble Space Telescope and other astronomical devices are essentially specialized digital cameras.

5. LED PROJECTOR
The role of monitor is taken by LED Projector which projects on the screen. The size of the projector is of A4 size. It has the approximate resolution capacity of 1024 X 768. Thus it is gives more clarity and good picture. diagram of led projector A video projector is a device that receives a video signal and projects the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system.

All video projectors use a very bright light to project the image, and most modern ones can correct any curves, blurriness, and other inconsistencies through manual settings. Video projectors are widely used for conference room presentations, classroom training, home theatre and live events applications. Projectors are widely used in many schools and other educational settings, connected to an interactive white board to interactively teach pupils. A video projector, also known as a digital projector, may be built into a cabinet with a rearprojection screen (rear projection television ,or RPTV) to form a single unified dis play device, now popular for home theatre applications .Common display resolutions for a portable projector include SVGA(800600 pixels),XGA (10247 68 pixels) , 720p(1280720 pixels), and1080p (19201080 pixels).The

cost of a device is not only determined by its resolution, but also by its brightness. A projector with a higher light output (measured in lumens, symbol lm) is required for a larger screen or a room with a high amount of ambient light. A rating of 1500 to 2500ANSI lumens or lower is suitable for smaller screens with controlled lighting or low ambient light. Between 2500 and 4000 lm is suitable for medium-sized screens with some ambient light or dimmed light. Over 4000 lm is appropriate for very large screens in a large room with no lighting control (for example, a conference room). Projected image size is important; because the total amount of light does not change, as size increases, brightness decreases. Image sizes are typically measured in linear terms, diagonally, obscuring the fact that larger images require much more light (proportional to the image area, not just the length of a side).Increasing the diagonal measure of the image by 25% reduces the image brightness by more than one-third (35%); an increase of 41% reduces brightness by half.

BATTERY
The most important part in portable type of computer is battery and storage capacity. Usually batteries must be small in size and work for

longer time. For normal use it can be used for 2weeks. The type of battery used here is lithium ion battery. The storage device is of the type tubular holographic which is capable of storing. The use of lithium ion battery in this gadget will reduce energy density, durability and cost factor .By making Five Pen PC feasible, it will enable ubiquitous computing therefore it is easier for people to use. Many applications can be imagined with this new technology. As it makes use of E-fingerprinting the gadget will be more secure, which allows only owner to activate the Pc. So even if we loose it, no one else can access the gadget. All PCs communicate each other with the help of Bluetooth technology and the entire gadget is connected to internet (Wi-Fi) .This technology is very portable, feasible and efficient. Every body can use this technology in very efficient manner. Some prototypes have been already developed in 2003 which are very feasible, but currently unclear. The enhancement in this technology can be expected in coming years.

they can be carried anywhere. These PCs are in the shape of pens and thats why they can be carried in small bags or even in our pockets. A portable computer is a computer that is designed to be moved from one place to another and includes a display and keyboard. They can also be called a 'Portable Workstation' or 'Portable PC'.5Pen PC are the most easily portable pc ever made. Another major merit is that its works on battery and so it can be used whenever we want.

2. Ubiquitous computing
Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a post-desktop model of humancomputer interaction in which information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities. In the course of ordinary activities, someone "using" ubiquitous computing engages many computational devices and systems simultaneously, and may not necessarily even be aware that they are doing so. This model is usually considered an advancement from the desktop padgim. More formally Ubiquitous computing is defined as "machines that fit the human environment instead of forcing humans to enter theirs.

Merits of 5 Pen PCs

A 5 Pen PC have several merits. They are:

1.Portable
The first and most important advantage of the 5 pen pc are that they are portable. Due to its size

3. Wi-Fi technology

The another major important merit of a 5 pen pc is that its has a Wi-Fi technology built in it through which the user can connect to the internet very easily. Wi-Fi, is a mechanism that allows electronic devices to exchange data wirelessly over a computer network. A device enabled with Wi-Fi, such as a personal computer, video game console, smart phone, tablet, or digital audio player, can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point. An access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (65 ft) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can comprise an area as small as a single room with walls that block radio signals or a large area, as much as many square miles, covered by multiple overlapping access points. To connect to a Wi-Fi LAN, a computer has to be equipped with a wireless network interface controller. The combination of computer and interface controller is called a station. All stations share a single radio frequency communication channel. Transmissions on this channel are received by all stations within range. The hardware does not signal the user that the transmission was delivered and is therefore called a best-effort delivery mechanism. A carrier wave is used to transmit the data in packets, referred to as "Ethernet frames". Each station is

constantly tuned in on the radio frequency communication channel to pick up available transmissions. A Wi-Fi-enabled device can connect to the Internet when within range of a wireless network connected to the Internet.

4. Feasible
5 Pen PC technology is a feasible model of portable PCs, i.e., it is one of the most possible and practical to achieve easily or conveniently. This type of PCs can be used everywhere and by anyone. Its is very easy to use.

Demerits of 5 Pen PCs

1.Positioning
Positioning is a major factor affecting the proper usage of the this PC. The key board and the display are virtual in this case so need a flat and clear surface to get a better experience, so the positioning matters the display and working with the PC. The keyboard and the display are being worked by the use of laser. These devices are interconnected by using Bluetooth. So the positioning of the device plays a major role in its working.

2.Cost

The production cost of these types of PCs is too high. By the decrease in the size of the PC parts the cost of these computer are also very high. By the increase in the cost of these computers these cannot become useful for the common people. These is one of the main demerits of these PC.

more advanced comfortable pc system in future.

REFERENCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_c omputing www.pencomputing.com/ http://www.scribd.com/doc/49584 382
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3.Battery
Another major disadvantage of this type of PC is its battery life. Its the battery used in this PC only last for maximum of 2 weeks. Its life span is only for two weeks. These is yet another demerit of these PCs.

CONCLUSION
By the human needs the communication devices are becoming smaller and compactable. PC are becoming smaller and smaller. We can see that the 5 pen pc technology is one of the advanced Portable PC that is easy to carry even in our pockets and work with it any where we want. This 'pen sort of instrument' produces both the monitor as well as the keyboard on any flat surfaces from where you can carry out functions you would normally do on your desktop computer. This has also WiFi technology in which user can communicate through the internet, Its another major advancement is the camera which can be used even for video conferencing. This is just a new start. We can expect much