CH-4 CEMENT

Q1. Explain cement & classification of cement? Ans1. Any compound which have the property of cohesion and adhesion & are able to bind the materials like bricks, stones etc is known as Cement. Chemically cement is constituted of silicates of calcium & aluminium . There are four types of cement:1. Natural cement:- It is obtained by calcination & pulverization of naturally occurring calcareous & argillaceous material at high temperature. Properties:1. It possess hydraulic qualities. 2. Relatively low strength & quick setting.

Uses:1. It is used in large masses of concretes like dams & foundations. 2. Mortar is used in setting stones.

2. Puzzolana cement:- The cement obtained by the volcanic ash around the place called Pozzuoli near Italy is called Puzzolana

cement. It is oldest type of cement & it is produced by the rapid cooling of lava formed during volcanic eruption. This cement is obtained when silicates & aluminates of lava are mixed with limestone & heated at high temperature. Properties:1. It possess hydraulic properties. Uses:1. It is mixed with Portland cement than used for different applications.

3. Slag cement:- Slag is a mixture of calcium & aluminium silicates obtain during metallurgical process. This mixture is granulated in a stream of cold water then it is mixed with hydrated lime & finally pulverized to fine powder. Properties:1. They have lower strength. 2. They are poor in abrasion resistance. 3. They have very slow setting. Uses:1. Slag cement are used for making concrete.

4. Portland cement:- It is the important cementing material discovered by Joseph Aspidin in 1824 , it is also known as Magic powder. This cement mainly consist of lime, alumina, silica & iron ,all these raw materials are mixed with water to form a paste which is used for bending the different building material. This cement resemble in color and hardness to Portland cement hence it is known as Portland cement. The Portland cement is obtained when the raw materials are calcining at about 1500 C. The raw material should be in proper proportion. After calcination retarder like gypsum is added. Q2. What is mortar? Ans2. Cement acts as bonding agent for materials which is mixed with sand & water is called Mortar. Q3. Explain composition of cement? Ans3.

1. Lime:- The excess of lime reduces the strength of cement, because it makes the cement to expand & disintegrate. 2. Silica:- Silica also provides strength to cement. 3. Alumina:- Alumina makes the cement quick-setting. However, excess of alumina, weakens the cement. 4. Iron oxide:- Provides color, strength & hardness to the cement. 5. Alkalis:- Excess of alkalis make the cement efforscent.