INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Volume 2, No 4, 2012

Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services

Research article

ISSN 0976 4399

Flexural behaviour of steel fiber reinforced high strength rice husk ash cement concrete simply supported beams
Veera Reddy. M Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal-506 015 (AP), India muralavreddy@gmail.com doi:10.6088/ijcser.00202040012 ABSTRACT The experimental programme was designed to study the flexural behaviour of simply supported beams cast with steel fiber reinforced high strength rice husk ash cement concrete. The variables in the study are Volume of steel fibers and longitudinal reinforcement. Twelve rectangular reinforced concrete beams are cast and tested under two-point loading. Moments and curvatures are calculated from the experimental data and the Moment-curvature diagrams are presented in this paper. From the experimental data, it is observed that the addition of steel fibers made the RC sections to behave in a ductile manner even if the sections are over reinforced. Keywords: Rice Husk Ash, metal fibers, high strength concrete, flexure, two-point loading 1. Introduction According to ACI code, concrete with compressive strength higher than 41Mpa may classified as high strength concrete (ACI committee, 1984). Use of high strength concrete results in reduced dead loads in large span and taller structures. As the post-peak portion of its stress-strain diagram descends deeply with increase in compressive strength, high strength concrete is considered as a relatively brittle material (ACI committee, 1975, 1993, Veera Reddy et al., 2007). Usage of high strength concrete is limited due to the inverse relationship between strength and ductility. A compromise between strength and ductility can be obtained by using discontinuous fibers. However very little work has been done to investigate the possibility of using steel fibers in enhancing flexural ductility of high strength rice husk ash cement concrete beams. The current experimental study consists of casting twelve rectangular reinforced concrete beams and testing under two-point loading. The twelve beams consists of six under reinforced and six over reinforced beams. The steel fiber content was added in both under and over reinforced beams viz., 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.20% and 1.50%. 2. Experimental Programme In this study, The mix design for concrete was done using graphical method proposed by Erntroy and Shacklock as reported by Krishna Raju ( Krishnaraju, 2012). The final mix proportions are 1: 1.00 : 1.91: 0.26 (cement: sand: coarse aggregate: water-binder ratio) with a cement content of 580 kg/m3 of concrete, 5% of cement was replaced with RHA. Table 1 gives the details of tested simply supported reinforced beams cast with above mix proportions ( Designed as per IS codes). After 28 days curing period the beams were whitewashed. Then with help of pencil and scale, the location of supports, load points, the positions where curvaturemeter frames and the deflection gauge have to be placed during the test, were marked on beams and kept ready for the testing. All the beams were tested under

Received on March, 2012 Published on May 2012

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Flexural behaviour of steel fiber reinforced high strength rice husk ash cement concrete simply supported beams Veera Reddy. M

symmetrical two points loading on a simply supported span 900mm. Figure 1 shows the test set-up of simply supported beams. Strain rate control was used to obtain the complete profile of moment-curvature behaviour, especially in the post ultimate region. Specially fabricated curvaturemeters were used to measure the curvatures in the central 150mm of the beam. The curvaturemeter consists of two rectangular frames made out of a 12mm square mild steel bar. Each frame can fix to the beam by means of two screws of 6mm diameter on the either sides of the beam leaving equal distances on the each side. Two dial gauges of 0.002mm least count and 12mm travel were fixed between two rectangular frames, one at the top and another at the bottom. The deformations indicated by dial gauges divided the gauge length gives the strains at that level are recorded corresponding to each load. From the experimental data the moments and curvatures are calculated for all Steel fiber reinforced high strength rice husk ash cement concrete beams ( Lok and Xiao, 1999 and Sabgapathi.P and Achuta, 1989). 3. Results and Discussions The specimen calculations for moments and curvatures are presented in Table 2. The moment-curvature diagrams are drawn for all the beams. The moment curvature diagrams for OR Beams are shown in figure 2. The moment curvature diagrams for UR Beams are shown in figure 3. The under and over reinforced beams of are failed in ductile manner, which is achieved by adding steel fibers. The failure patterns of under and over reinforced beams are shown in figure 4. Table 1: Details of Experimental Programme.
Beam Designation Reinforcement details No Bars 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Stirrup steel Spa cing 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 Fiber details f'c Dia 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 fy 430 430 430 430 430 430 425 435 425 435 425 435 425 435 425 435 425 435 Dia 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 fy 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 Dia 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 Vol. (%) 0.00 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.50 0.00 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.50 fy 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 48.65 57.65 58.55 60.80 61.42 63.80 48.65 57.65 58.55 60.80

Sl No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

URB1 URB2 URB3 URB4 URB5 URB5 ORB1 ORB2 ORB3 ORB4 ORB5 ORB6

61.42 63.80

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International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Volume 2 Issue 4 2012

Flexural behaviour of steel fiber reinforced high strength rice husk ash cement concrete simply supported beams Veera Reddy. M

Table 2: Sample observations and calculations for simply supported beam ORB6
Sl. Load No (kN) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0 3.92 7.84 11.76 17.64 21.56 25.48 29.4 33.32 38.22 42.14 46.06 49.98 53.9 57.82 61.74 63.7 69.58 74.48 79.38 83.3 87.22 Curvature Readings Top Bottom 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 0 13 0 15 1 20 4 22 6 25 9 30 13 33 20 38 25 43 30 46 35 50 40 56 44 60 50 63 54 67 58 72 62 75 70 80 80 Moment Sl. Load Curvature (kN- m) No (kN) 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.25E-07 7.50E-07 1.63E-06 2.00E-06 3.00E-06 3.50E-06 4.25E-06 5.38E-06 6.63E-06 7.88E-06 9.13E-06 1.01E-05 1.13E-05 1.25E-05 1.38E-05 1.46E-05 1.56E-05 1.68E-05 1.81E-05 2.00E-05 0 0.735 1.47 2.205 3.308 4.043 4.778 5.513 6.248 7.1663 7.9013 8.6363 9.3713 10.106 10.841 11.576 11.944 13.046 13.965 14.8838 15.619 16.359 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 92.12 95.06 99.96 107.8 113.7 115.6 117.6 122.5 126.4 131.3 135.2 141.1 143.1 146 149.9 152.9 149 141.1 132.3 Curvature Readings Top Bottom 85 85 89 90 90 92 93 95 103 100 106 105 112 110 117 115 120 120 125 130 130 135 145 150 155 160 205 175 235 210 335 275 535 320 635 1090 1830 1200 Curvature 2.13E-05 2.24E-05 2.28E-05 2.35E-05 2.54E-05 2.64E-05 2.78E-05 2.90E-05 3.00E-05 3.19E-05 3.31E-05 3.69E-05 3.94E-05 4.75E-05 5.56E-05 7.63E-05 1.07E-04 2.16E-04 3.79E-04 Moment (kN- m) 17.273 17.824 18.743 20.213 21.315 21.683 22.05 22.969 23.704 24.623 25.358 26.460 26.828 27.379 28.114 28.665 27.930 26.460 24.806

Figure 1: Test set-up of simply supported beams 1140

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Volume 2 Issue 4 2012

Flexural behaviour of steel fiber reinforced high strength rice husk ash cement concrete simply supported beams Veera Reddy. M

Figure 2: The moment-Curvature diagrams for OR Beams

Figure 3: The moment Curvature diagrams for UR Beams

Figure 4: The failure pattern of UR and OR beams

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Flexural behaviour of steel fiber reinforced high strength rice husk ash cement concrete simply supported beams Veera Reddy. M

4. Conclusions The following conclusions are drawn from the experimental study 1. The addition of steel fibers and rice husk ash to high strength concrete improved moment and curvature. 2. The improvement of curvature is 12% to 94% in under reinforced beams and 11% to 197% in over reinforced beams, due to addition of steel fibers in 0.3% to 1.50% volume of concrete. 3. The improvement of moment is 6 % to 35% in under reinforced beams and 5% to 36% in over reinforced beams, due to addition of steel fibers in 0.3% to 1.50% volume of concrete. 4. The addition of steel fibers made the RC sections to behave in a ductile manner even if the sections are over reinforced. 5. References 1. ACI Committee 363., (1984), State-of-the-art report of high strength concrete. (ACI 363-R 84), ACI Journal, 81(4), pp 364-411. 2. ACI Committee 318., (1995), Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 319-95) and commentary, ACI, Farmington Hills, Michigan, pp 369 3. ACI Committee 544., (1973), State of the art Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete, ACI Journal, 70, pp 724-744. 4. IS: 12269- (1987), Specification for 53 Grade ordinary Portland cement. 5. IS: 383- (1970), Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from natural sources for concrete (Second revision). 6. IS: 456 (2000), Plain and reinforced concrete-Code of practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. 7. IS: 10262 (1982), Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. 8. IS: 9399 (1979), Specification for apparatus for flexural testing of concrete. BIS New Delhi 9. Krishna Raju. N., (2012), Design of Concrete Mixes, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi. 10. Lok, T.S. and Xiao, J.R., (1999), Flexural strength assessment of steel fiber reinforced concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 11(3), pp 188-196.

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Flexural behaviour of steel fiber reinforced high strength rice husk ash cement concrete simply supported beams Veera Reddy. M

11. Manish Varma, Umesh Pendharkar, Ravi K. Sharma, (2012), Experimental study to evaluate short-term deflections for two-way RC slabs, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2(3), pp 901-913. 12. Nehdi.M, Damatty A.E, Rahimi, R, (2003),Investigation on lap-joint behaviour of GFRP plates bonded to Silica fume and Rice husk ash concrete, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 23(4), pp 323333. 13. Sabapathi, P. and Achuta, H., (1989), Analysis of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams Indian Concrete Journal, pp 246 252. 14. Shende.A.M. Pande.A.M. (2011), Comparative study on Steel Fibre Reinforced cum Control Concrete under flexural and deflection, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 1(4), pp 942-950. 15. Veera Reddy. M and Seshagiri Rao. M.V., (2007), A Mathematical Stress-Strain Model for High-Strength Steel-Fiber Reinforced Concrete Under Axial Compression, International Journal of Scientific Computing, 2, pp 7-18.

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