Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

MARKING SCHEME FOR STRUCTURED QUESTIONS: No 1(a) (b) (c) 1 (i) (ii) MARKING CRITERIA The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid Liquid P : Molecule Q : Ion MARK SUB 1 1 1 1 TOTAL

(d) (e)

The force of attraction between the Q particles/ ions is stronger than the P particles/ molecules. More heat energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction between Q particles. In solid state, the particles/ ions of Q cannot move freely. In molten state, the particles/ ions of Q are mobile/ can move freely.

1 1 1 1 1 11

(f)

2(a) (b) (c)

To ensure that the naphthalene is heated evenly/ uniform Molten napthalene is stirred throughout the cooling process (i)

1 1

Temperature/ o C

78

Time/ S

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

Temperature/ o C

78

Time/ S
3(a) The mass of one atom of element when compared with 1

1 12
(b) (c) 16

of the mass of a Carbon-12 atom 1 2

(d)

Oxygen molecule

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

(e) Empirical formula = Al2O3 Element Mass(g) No. of moles Simplest ratio of moles Aluminium 0.91 Oxygen 1.70-0.91 = 0.79 2

0.91

27

//

0.79

16

// 0.0494

0.0337

0.0337
1

0.0337 //

0.0494
1.5

0.0333 //

(f)

No. of moles =

1.7

102

= 0.0167

(g) 4(a) (b) (i)

Number of Al3+ ion = 2 X 0.0167 X 6.02 X 1023 // 2.1 X 1022 ions The chemical formulae which shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of of each element present in a compound Mass of magnesium = 26.4 24.0 // 2.4 g Mass of oxygen = 28.0 26.4 // 1.6 g

1 15 1 1

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

(ii)

No. of moles of Magnesium

No. of moles of oxygen

2.4

24

1 .6

16

0.1 1

0.1 1

(iii) (iv) (c) (d) (e) 5(a) (b)

MgO 2Mg + O2 2MgO To remove the oxide layer on its surface To allow oxygen to enter the crucuble Zinc / Aluminium / Calcium Black

1 1 1 1 1 9 1

Burning of excess hydrogen gas

Metal oxide

Dry hidrogen gas

Heat

# functional diagram # labell (c) (d) (i) (ii) Moles of magnesium : Moles of oxygen Make sure all the connections are tightly fixed Mass of copper = 38.76 36.20 // 2.56 g Mass of oxygen = 39.40 38.76 // 0.64 g

1 1 1 1

2.56

64

0.64

16

0.04 : 0.04 1 : 1 (iii) (e) (f) 6(a) (i) (ii) CuO CuO + H2 Cu + H2O No. Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom 1 1 1 1 11 1 1

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

(b) (c) (d) (e) 7(a)

(i) (ii)

P and Q P and Q have the same proton number and difference nucleon number Electrons = 7 Protons = 7 P : 2.4 R : 2.5 5 A // B Alkaline 2A + 2H2O // 2B + 2H2O C

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 2 1

(i) (ii) (iii) (i) (ii)

2AOH + H2 2BOH + H2

(b)

formed coloured ions or compounds // have more than one oxidation numbers in its compound // formed complex ions // act as a catalyst 8 To fill advertising light bulbs

1 1 1

(c) (d) (e)

(f) (g)

Molecules The forces of attraction between the molecules of H is stronger than the molecules of E The molecules of H are packed closely together

1 1 11

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

MARKING SCHEME FOR ESSAY QUESTIONS: No 1 (a) MARKING CRITERIA Group 18 / 18 Argon atom has attained octet electron arrangement// Argon atom has 8 valence electrons// Argon atoms outermost shell is completely filled with electrons. The electron arrangement is stable . Does not need to gain, lose or share electrons. Perfume is made up of tiny particles particles of the perfume diffuse into air particles. the particles move randomly. into the students nose //student can sense the smell of the perfume. MARK SUB 1 1 TOTAL

(b)

1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4

(c)

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

Arrangement of particles

P The particles are packed closely together but not in orderly arrangement Strong High

Q The particles are very far apart from each other and in random arrangement Weak Higher

3 1

Force of attraction between particles Energy content

(d)(i)

The iron wool burns vigorously with a bright flame. A brown solid is formed.

1 1

(ii)

Number of moles of iron =

2.8 // 0.05 56

2 moles of Fe produce 2 moles of FeCl3 // 0.05 mole of Fe produce 0.05 mole of FeCl3 Relative formula mass = 56 +3 (35.5) // 162.5 Mass of FeCl3 = 0.05 162.5 // 8.125 g

1 1 1 4 17

2(a) (b)(i) Freezing The heat energy released is equal to the heat energy lost to the surrounding. At 80oC : Solid At 280oC : Gas 1 1+1 1 1 3

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

Temperature Arrangement of particles Movement of particles The forces of attraction Kinetic energy

80oC (Solid) Particles are orderly and closely packed together. Vibrating and rotating about in their fixed positions. Strong Low

280oC (Gas) Particles are far apart. Particles move randomly and rapidly in all directions. Weak High

1 1 1 4

Note: 1 mark for each correct comparison. (ii) Able to describe the procedure correctly. Example: 1. A boiling tube is filled with powder of compound M to a depth of (3-4) cm. 2. A thermometer is placed into powder of compound M in the boiling tube. 3. A 500 ml beaker is filled with coconut oil/palm oil until it is full. 4. The boiling tube is immersed into the coconut oil. 5. The coconut oil is heated and the stopwatch is started. 6. Stir the compound M. 7. The temperature is recorded at 30-second intervals until its melt completely. Result: Time(s) Temperature( o C) [The graph of temperature against time for the heating of compound M is plotted.] O
Temperature ( C)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

7 Max 6

0 3 0

6 0

9 0

12 0

15 0

18 0

21 0

24 0

1+1

ToC

Time (s)

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

1 (Must indicate T in the graph) Conclusion: The melting point of compound M is T oC.

20

No 3(a)

MARKING CRITERIA the reaction between L and water is more reactive. the atomic size of L is bigger. the distance between nucleus of atom L and valence electron is more further away. the valence electron electron of atom L is easier to release. Ionic bond atom L release one valence electron to produce ion L+ Atom M receive one electron to form ion MTo achieve stable electron arrangement. Ions L+ and ions Y- are attracted to each other with strong Electrostatic force Form ionic compound LM

MARK SUB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 TOTAL 4

(b)(i)

(ii)

(c)

Covalent bond valence electrons of atom N and M are 4 and 7 respectively atom N contributes 4 electrons and atom M contribute one electron to achieve stable electron arrangement one atom N share electrons with 4 atom M // each of atom M share a pair of electron with atom N to form a covalent compound, NM4 High melting point / boiling point soluble in water can conduct electricity in molten/ aqueous state

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 6

(d)

#any 2 correct answers Can form coloured ions / compound have more than one oxidation number can act as a catalyst #any 2 correct answers

1 1 1

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

20 4(a) (b) W : 2.4 Z : 2.8.7 X is in group 16 and period 2 Atom X has 6 valence electron Have 2 shell occupied with electrons The electron arrangement of atom Y and atom Z are 2.8.2 and 2.8.7 Atom Y release 2 electrons to form ion Y2+ Atom Y receive one electron to form ion Z to achieve a stable electron arrangement ions Y2+ and ion Z are attracted to each other with strong electrostatic force to form an ionic compound YZ2 the electron arrangement of atom X and atom W are 2.6 and 2.4 atom W contributes 4 electrons and atom X contribute 2 electrons to achieve a stable electron arrangement one atom W share electrons with 2 atoms X // each of atom X share two pairs of electron with atom W to form a covalent compound, WX2 Boiling point of ionic compound is higher the force of attraction between ions in the ionic compound is stronger // the force of attraction between the molecules in the covalent compound is weaker more heat energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction between the ions ionic compound can conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state while covalent compound cannot conduct electricity in molten / aqueous state the ions of ionic compound are mobile / move freely covalent compound consist of molecules 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 23 MARKING SCHEME FOR PAPER 3 No 1(a) (b) At 270 s 83.0 At 300s 87.0 Criteria for graph (i) Labelled axes with correct units (ii) Transfer all the points correctly MARKING CRITERIA MARK SUB TOTAL 3 3 6 7 4 2 3

(c)

(d)

10

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

(iii) Correct shape of the curve and smooth (c) (d) (e) f(i) (ii) 80 o C (must be shown in the graph) 3 Heat absorbed is used to overcome the force of attraction between the molecules of naphthalene Less than 80 o C 3 Manipulated : Napthalene and acethamide Responding : Melting point Fixed : Height of the naphthalene and acethamide Napthalene and acethamide have different melting points 3 3 21 3

(a) Problem statement Score [ Able to state the problem statement clearly and accurately] Suggested answer Does the reactivity of Group 1 elements increase down the group when react with water?

(b) Stating all variables Score [Able to state all the corresponding variables accurately] Suggested answer Manipulated variable : Type of Group 1 metals Responding variable : Movement of the Group I metal Fixed variables : Water, size of metals

(c) List of materials and apparatus Score 3 [Able to list all materials and apparatus correctly] Suggested answer Materials A small piece of lithium, sodium, potassium and water

11

Chemistry Confirm A-SET 1

Apparatus Trough// basin //suitable container, forceps, Knife, filter paper

(d) Experimental procedure Score [Able to state all experimental steps correctly] Suggested answer 1. Cut a small piece of lithium using a knife and forceps. 2. Dry the oil on the surface of the lithium with filter paper. 3. Place the lithium slowly onto the water surface 4. Observe the reactivity of the reaction 5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 using sodium and potassium to replace lithium

(e) Tabulation of data Score [Able to construct a table correctly containing the following elements] - Columns and rows - Observation for each metal Suggested answer 3 Metals Lithium Sodium Potassium Observations

12