SUBJECT: DATA ANALYSIS (EMT 410) TITLE: DEFINITION OF CROSS SECTION DATA AND TIME SERIES DATA

NAME: FATIMAH HANIS BINTI MOHAMMAD UZIR COURSE: ESTATE MANAGEMENT (AP2251A) STUDENT ID: 2012481908 I/C NUMBER: 930314015178 SUBMISSION DATE: 5TH OCTOBER 2012 LECTURER: PROF. DR ZAINAL MAT SAAT

CROSS SECTION DATA

DEFINITION : 1. Cross Section Data are the observations made in individual , groups of individual, objects, or geographic area at particular time. Source: Cheng F.Lee, Statistics For Business And Financial Economics, Published by D.C. Heath and Company: 1993 2. Cross Section Data is a set of data values observed at a fixed points in time. Source : David F. Groebner, Patrick W. Shannon, Phillip C. Fry, Kent D. Smith, Business Statistics, 6th Edition, Published by Pearson Education, Inc. : 2005, 2001 3. Cross Section Data are data collected at the same or approximately the same point in time. Source: Anderson Sweeney Williams, Statistics For Business And Economics 9e, Published by South Western, a division of Thomson Learning : 2005. 4. Cross Section Data are numerical values pertaining to units of different populations that have been observed simultaneously at the same point in time ( in the case of a stock variable) or during the same period of time (in the case of flow variable). Source: Heinz Kohler, Statistics For Business And Economics, 3rd Edition, Published by HarperCollins College Publishers : 1994 5. Cross Section Data are data that are observed at a single point in time. Source: Bruce L. Bowerman, Richard T. OConnell, J.B. Orris, Essentials of Business Statistics, Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin: 2004

TIME SERIES DATA

DEFINITION : 1.Time Series Data are any set of data from a quantifiable (or qualitative) event that are recorded over time. Source : Cheng F.Lee, Statistics For Business And Financial Economics, Published by D.C. Heath and Company: 1993 2. Time Series Data is a sequence of observations taken at evenly spaced time intervals. Source : Kenneth N. Berk, Data Analysis With Student Systat, Published by Course Technology, Inc. : 1994 3.Time Series Data is a set of data taken periodically, usually yearly, quarterly, monthly, or weekly. Source : Robert D. Mason, Business and Economic Statistics, Published by Learning System Company : 1978 4. Time Series Data is a set of observation of data in chronological order. Source : Paul Taylor, Statistics for Business, Published by Polytech Publishers Limited : 1977 5. Time Series Data is a set of ordered data values observed at successive points in time. Source : David F. Groebner, Patrick W. Shannon, Phillip C. Fry, Kent D. Smith, Business Statistics, 6th Edition, Published by Pearson Education, Inc. : 2005, 2001 6. Time Series Data are data collected over several time periods. Source: Anderson Sweeney Williams, Statistics For Business And Economics 9e, Published by South Western, a division of Thomson Learning : 2005.