Training Manual Block Modelling

Training Manual
BLOCK MODELLING
VULCAN 4 Block Model Training Manual
Copyright 2002 Maptek Pty Limited
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthismanualshallbereproduced,
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mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwisewithoutwritten
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respecttotheuseoftheinformationcontainedherein.Although
everyprecautionhasbeentakeninthepreparationofthismanual,
thepublisherandauthor(s)assumenoresponsibilityforerrorsor
omissions.Neitherisanyliabilityassumedfordamagesresulting
fromtheuseoftheinformationcontainedherein.
Trademarks
MicrosoftWindowsisaregisteredtrademarkofMicrosoft
Corporation.
AutoCADisaregisteredtrademarkofAutoDesk.
Conventions used in this manual
Thefollowingconventionsareusedthroughoutthismanual.
Examplesarewritteninbold italics.
Importantpointsorreferencesarewritteninbold.
Tip!
Hints,tipsandwarningsappearbetweenhorizontallines.
i
Contacting Maptek
Corporate
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Website: http://www.vulcan3d.com
Sales
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ii
Europe:441159472000
iii
Contents
Table of Contents
VULCAN 4 Block Model Training Manual ........................................................... . i
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... . iv
Table of Figures .................................................................................................... .... vii
CHAPTER 1 - BLOCK CONSTRUCTION IN VULCAN .................................. 1
What is a Block Model?.......................................................................... .................2
Why do we use Block Models?......................................................... .......................2
Advantages of using block models .............................................................. .............. 2
How do you create a block model in VULCAN?....................................... .............2
Block Construction............................................................................................. ......3
1.1 Create a Block Definition File (.bdf) ............................................................ ....... 3
1.1.5.1 Inversion Examples:................................................................7
1.1.5.2 Projection Axes:......................................................................7
1.2 Create the Block Model .................................................................... ................... 9
Workshop: Creating your first model......................................................... ............9
1. The model origin and orientation (Orientation Panel) ........................................ 10
4. Creating the model: .............................................................................. ................ 11
CHAPTER 2 VIEWING BLOCKS IN VULCAN .......................................... 13
VULCAN Block Viewing Methods............................................................ ............12
Reasons for Viewing Block Models....................................................................... .12
Getting Information about your Block Models.................................. ..................12
2.1 Getting a List of your Block Models ...................................................... ........... 12
2.2 Opening Your Block Model ................................................................... ............ 13
2.3 Displaying the Block Model Header Information ............................................. 13
Block Viewing....................................................................................... ..................13
2.4 Generating Contours of the Block Model ......................................................... 13
CHAPTER 3 BLOCK MANIPULATION ..................................................... 16
3.1 Editing a Block Model ......................................................................... .............. 16
3.2 Performing a Calculation on the Block Model ................................................. . 16
iv
Contents
3.3 Mining the Block Model .......................................................................... .......... 17
3.4 Using Scripts ................................................................................... ................... 17
3.4.3.1 Comparison operators:..........................................................18
3.4.3.2 Logical operators:.................................................................18
3.4.3.3 Assignment operators............................................................18
3.4.3.4 Mathematical operators.........................................................18
Workshop Exercise: Scripts........................................................................... ........20
1. Plan your calculation ..................................................................................... ....... 20
2. Document your work: ..................................................................... ..................... 21
3. Document Temporary Variables .......................................................................... . 21
3.5 Adding Block Model Variables ................................................................... ....... 21
3.6 Deleting Variables from a Block Model .................................................. .......... 22
3.7 Renaming Variables in a Block Model ................................................... ........... 22
3.8 Translating a Block Model ........................................................................... ...... 22
3.9 Rotating a Block Model ........................................................................ ............. 22
3.10 Indexing a Block Model ................................................................................. .. 23
3.11 Assigning Values to a Block Model ......................................................... ........ 23
CHAPTER FOUR BLOCK TRANSFER ..................................................... 25
4.1 Importing a Regular Block Model ............................................................. ........ 25
4.2 Importing a Sub-blocked Block Model ............................................................. 26
4.3 Importing Attributes into a Block Model .......................................................... 27
4.4 Exporting a Block Model ............................................................................ ....... 29
4.5 Export Variables to a Map File ......................................................... ................. 30
4.6 Intersect a Drill Hole Database .................................................................. ........ 34
4.7 Block Model Addition ................................................................................... ..... 35
Workshop - Block Manipulation, Add.............................................. ....................40
4.8 Regularising a block model ........................................................... .................... 40
4.9 Deleting Blocks from a block model ......................................................... ........ 46
4.10 Extracting Blocks to a new Block Model .................................................... .... 48
CHAPTER 5 - INVERSE DISTANCE GRADE ESTIMATION ....................... 50
Grade Estimation in VULCAN............................................................................. .50
What is Grade Estimation? ................................................................. ..................... 50
Why use Grade Estimation? .................................................................................. ... 50
How do we use Grade Estimation in VULCAN? ................................................... . 50
CHAPTER 6 BLOCK RESERVES ............................................................. 51
Overview Reserves submenu........................................................... ...................51
v
Contents
6.1 Simple Reserves ................................................................................... .............. 51
6.2 Block Reserves ........................................................................................ .......... 56
6.3. Advanced Reserves ........................................................................ ................... 64
6.3.3.1 Select Polygons as Regions..................................................70
6.3.3.2 Select triangulations as regions.............................................73
6.3.7.1 Open report specification file................................................77
6.3.7.2 Define General Report Details..............................................78
6.3.7.3 Define Column specs............................................................79
6.3.7.4 Define Table Details..............................................................82
6.3.7.5 Save the specification file.....................................................84
6.3.7.6 Reporting the reserves..........................................................85
Workshop - Block Reserves................................................................ ...................86
vi
Figures
Table of Figures
FIGURE 1-1: BLOCK MODEL SLICE............................................................1
FIGURE 1-2: REGULAR BLOCK MODEL.....................................................2
FIGURE 1-3: BLOCK MENU..........................................................................3
FIGURE 1-4: BLOCK MODEL UTILITY - ORIENTATION PANEL.................3
FIGURE 1-5: BLOCK MODEL UTILITY SCHEMES PANEL.......................4
FIGURE 1-6: BLOCK MODEL UTILITY VARIABLES PANEL....................5
FIGURE 1-7:BLOCK MODEL UTILITY LIMITS PANEL..............................6
FIGURE 1-8: BLOCK MODEL UTILITY BOUNDARIES PANEL................7
FIGURE 1-9: INVERSION WITH 3D (SOLID) TRIANGULATIONS................7
FIGURE 1-13: PROJECTION ALONG THE Y AXIS.......................................8
FIGURE 1-15: BLOCK MODEL UTILITY EXCEPTIONS PANEL...............8
FIGURE 1-16: BLOCK MODEL ORIENTATION PANEL..............................10
FIGURE 1-17: ADD SCHEMA PANEL.........................................................10
FIGURE 1-18: ADD VARIABLE PANEL.......................................................11
FIGURE 1-19: BLOCK CREATE PANEL.....................................................11
FIGURE 2-1: MULTIPLE BLOCK MODEL SLICES.....................................13
vii
Contents
FIGURE 2-3: REPORT WINDOW SHOWING BLOCK MODEL DETAILS. .15
FIGURE 2-4: BLOCK CONTOURS PANEL.................................................15
FIGURE 3-1: BLOCK EDIT PANEL..............................................................16
FIGURE 3-2: BLOCK CALCULATION PANEL............................................16
FIGURE 3-3: STOPE MINING PANEL.........................................................17
FIGURE 3-4: ADD BLOCK MODEL VARIABLE PANEL.............................21
FIGURE 3-5: BLOCK MODEL CHANGE VARIABLE NAME PANEL..........22
FIGURE 3-6: BLOCK MODEL TRANSLATION PANEL..............................22
FIGURE 3-7: BLOCK MODEL ROTATION PANEL......................................23
FIGURE 3-8: INDEX BLOCK MODEL PANEL.............................................23
FIGURE 3-9: ASSIGN BLOCK VALUES PANEL.........................................24
FIGURE 1-4: REGULAR IMPORT PANEL...................................................26
FIGURE 4-2: SUB-BLOCKED IMPORT PANEL..........................................27
FIGURE 4-3: IMPORT ATTRIBUTES INTO MODEL PANEL.......................28
FIGURE 4-4: BLOCK MODEL EXPORT PANEL.........................................29
FIGURE 4-5: THE MASK BLOCK MODEL PANEL.....................................31
FIGURE 4-6: LOAD SAMPLES DATABASE PANEL...................................33
viii
Contents
FIGURE 4-7: INTERSECT DRILLING PANEL.............................................34
FIGURE 4-8: DB INTERSECTION RECORD PANEL..................................34
FIGURE 4-9: DB INTERSECTION FIELDS PANEL.....................................35
FIGURE 4-10: NEW DEFINITION PANEL....................................................36
FIGURE 4-11: BLOCK MODEL PARENT SCHEME PANEL.......................37
FIGURE 4-12: ADD VARIABLE PANEL.......................................................38
FIGURE 4-13: BLOCK MODEL ADD PANEL..............................................39
FIGURE 4-14: MODEL REBLOCKING PANEL...........................................40
FIGURE 4-15: REBLOCKING DIMENSIONS PANEL..................................41
FIGURE 4-16: RESULTING VARIABLES PANEL........................................41
FIGURE 4-17: COMMON BLOCKS..............................................................43
FIGURE 4-18 REGULAR BLOCK (R), SUB-BLOCKS (S1, S2, S3 AND
S4) AND COMMON BLOCKS (C1, C2, C3 AND C4)...................................45
FIGURE 4-19: BLOCK SELECTION PANEL...............................................46
FIGURE 4-20 BLOCK EXTRACTION PANEL..............................................49
FIGURE 6-1: RESERVES SUBMENU..........................................................51
FIGURE 6-2: RESERVES CALCULATION PANEL.....................................52
FIGURE 6-3: RESERVES CUT-OFFS PANEL.............................................52
ix
Contents
FIGURE 6-4: BLOCK SELECTION PANEL.................................................53
FIGURE 6-6: RESERVES REPORT.............................................................54
FIGURE 6-7: POLYGON RESERVE PANEL................................................55
FIGURE 6-8: CONFIRM BOX.......................................................................55
FIGURE 6-9: DATA SOURCES ...................................................................56
FIGURE 6-10: GRADE NAMES PANEL.......................................................57
FIGURE 6-11: BREAKDOWN NAMES PANEL............................................57
FIGURE 6-12: GRADE CUT-OFFS PANEL..................................................57
FIGURE 6-13: SOLID MODEL LIST PANEL................................................58
FIGURE 6-14: SOLID MODEL LIST PANEL WITH TRIANGULATIONS.....58
FIGURE 6-15: PICK DATA SOURCE PANEL..............................................58
FIGURE 6-16: BLOCK MODEL PANEL.......................................................59
FIGURE 6-17: BLOCK MODEL GRADE VARIABLES PANEL...................59
FIGURE 6-18: BLOCK MODEL BREAKDOWN VARIABLES PANEL........60
FIGURE 6-19: SAVE REPORT FORMAT PANEL........................................60
FIGURE 6-20: COMPLETE REPORT PANEL..............................................61
FIGURE 6-21: RESERVE LISTING SHOWING A COMPLETE REPORT. . .61
x
Contents
FIGURE 6-22: RESERVE LISTING SHOWING AN ABOVE CUT-OFF
REPORT....................................................................................................... .62
FIGURE 6-23: UNFORMATTED DUMP PANEL...........................................62
FIGURE 6-24: RESERVE LISTING SHOWING A DUMP REPORT.............63
FIGURE 6-25: OPEN RESERVES SPECIFICATION FILE PANEL.............65
FIGURE 6-26: BREAKDOWN FIELDS PANEL............................................65
FIGURE 6-27: A BLOCK INSIDE A RESERVE REGION THAT HAS BEEN
0.3 MINED (70% AVAILABLE).....................................................................67
FIGURE 6-28: A BLOCK 50% INSIDE A RESERVE REGION THAT HAS
BEEN 0.3 MINED (70% AVAILABLE)..........................................................68
FIGURE 6-29: SECOND BREAKDOWN FIELDS PANEL...........................68
FIGURE 6-30: GRADE VARIABLES PANEL...............................................69
FIGURE 6-31: GRADE CUT-OFFS PANEL..................................................70
FIGURE 6-32: DEFINE REGIONS BY POLYGON PANEL..........................71
FIGURE 6-33: MULTIPLE SELECTION BOX..............................................72
FIGURE 6-34: CONFIRM BOX.....................................................................72
FIGURE 6-35: RENAME REGION PANEL...................................................73
FIGURE 6-36:SELECT TRIANGULATIONS PANEL...................................73
FIGURE 6-37: SET GROUP NAME PANEL.................................................73
xi
Contents
FIGURE 6-38: RESERVE REGION REPORT PANEL.................................74
FIGURE 6-39: BLOCK SELECTION PANEL...............................................74
FIGURE 6-40: SAVE RESERVES SPECIFICATION FILE PANEL..............76
FIGURE 6-41: CALCULATE RESERVES PANEL.......................................77
FIGURE 6-42: OPEN REPORT SPECIFICATION FILE PANEL..................77
FIGURE 6-43: GLOBAL REPORT PARAMETERS PANEL........................78
FIGURE 6-44: REPORT COLUMNS PANEL...............................................79
FIGURE 6-45: REPORT TABLES PANEL...................................................83
FIGURE 6-46: SAVE REPORT SPECIFICATION FILE PANEL...................85
FIGURE 6-47: CREATE REPORT PANEL...................................................85
xii
Chapter 1 Block Construction
Chapter 1 - Block Construction in VULCAN
Figure11:BlockModelSlice
1
Useconditions
(exceptions)to
removeblocks
Usesubblockingtoincrease
accuracyalongcontacts
Defineregionsusing
Triangulations
Uselargeparent
blocksto
minimisethe
blockmodel
size.
Limitthe
maximumblock
sizewithin
regions
Automatic
block
optimisation
What is a Block Model?
Ablockmodelisaseriesof
"blocks"or"cells"that
collectivelydefinealarger
block.Eachblockdefines
anexactpieceof3Dspace.
Eachcellcanbeassigned
aseriesofattributes,eg
grade,geologicalcode,
metallurgicalcodeor
geotechnicalcodethat
representthephysical
propertiesofthedeposit.
Inthiswayacomplete
"model"ofthedepositcan
beproduced.
Figure12:RegularBlock
Model
Why do we use Block
Models?
Advantages of using block
models
Ablockmodelisavery
efficientdatastructurein
whichtostorealarge
amountofinformation.
Veryflexibleconstruction
methodsallowyouto
createamodelthat
accuratelyrepresentsthe
geologicalandmining
conditions.
Allowsexcellent
visualisationofgeological
zonesorgradetrends
withinanorebody.
Theincreaseduseof
geostatisticalmethodsto
expressgradedistribution
requiresablockmodel
structuretostorethe
resultsoftheestimation.
Rapidcalculationsbetween
thevalueswithinvariables
alloweffective
resource/reserveestimates
tobeundertaken.
How do you create a
block model in
VULCAN?
Creatingablockmodelin
VULCANtypicallyconsistsof
thefollowingsteps:
2
1. Constructthemodel
(Constructionsubmenu).
2. Verifythemodelbyslicing
contouringetc.(Viewing
submenu).
3. Performcalculations,add
variables,etc.
(Manipulationsubmenu).
4. Interpolategradesintothe
model(GradeEstimation
submenu).
5. ReporttheResource
(Reservessubmenu).
Figure13:BlockMenu
Block Construction
Theblockconstruction
processtypicallyconsistsof
twosteps;
1. Createablockdefinition
file(.bdf)(Block>
Construction>New
option).
2. Createtheblockmodel
(Block>Construction>
CreateModeloption).
1.1 Create a Block Definition
File (.bdf)
TheNewDefinitionoption
allowsyoutocreateanew
blockdefinitionfile(.bdf).This
filestoresalltheparameters
requiredfortheconstruction
ofaVULCANblockmodel.
Whentheoptionisselected,
theBlockModelUtilityis
started.
Figure14:BlockModel
UtilityOrientationPanel
3
1.1.1 Origin and Orientation
Theoriginiscommonlyeither
theminimumpointofthe
modelorthemapgridorigin
(0,0,0).Itcan,however,be
anyvalue.
Orientatingthemodelto
matchtheoverallorientation
ofthedepositwillgenerally
resultinbetteredgedefinition
betweengeologicalzones,
producingfewerblocks.
Orientthemodelbyentering
absoluteandrelativerotations
aboutthethreeaxes.
Notes:
Allrotationsaremeasured
anticlockwise.Ifclockwise
rotationsarerequired,
thenusenegativeangles.
Bearing,PlungeandDip
arenotusedwiththeir
geologicaldefinitions,but
ratherrefertorotations
aroundtheaxes.
Forarotatedmodelitis
easiertousetheminimum
coordinatesofthemodel
fortheorigin.
ForBlockAdditionthe
modelsmusthavethe
sameorientation.
1.1.2 Block Model Offsets, Parent
Block Size and sub-blocking
TheSchemespanelallows
youtodefinethemodel
extents,i.e.thestartandend
offsetsthatdefinethe3D
aerialextentofthemodel,
parentblocksizeandextent,
andblocksizeofanysub
blockareas.
Figure15:BlockModel
UtilitySchemesPanel
Thefirstrowinthetablemust
betheParentScheme.
Notes:
Ifthemodeloriginis
(0,0,0)thenthestartand
endoffsetsaretheco
ordinatesoftheminimum
andmaximumpointsof
themodel.Ifthemodel
originistheminimum
pointofthemodel,then
thestartandendoffsets
arethedistancesrelative
totheorigininorderto
definethe3Dextentofthe
model.
4
Theparentblocksizemust
beadivisorofthemodel
extent.Iftheparentblock
sizedoesnotfitexactly
withinthemodelextent,
youarenotifiedand
promptedtoadjustthe
extent.
Subsequentrowsinthe
tableareforanysubblock
areas.Specifythe
minimumblocksizesin
theBlockX,YandZ
fields.Ifthesubblocking
istotakeplaceinasub
regionoftheblockmodel,
thenenterstartandend
offsets.
Additionalsubblocking
extentsmaybedefined
withinthemodelif
required.
Thesubblockingextents
mustnotexceedthemodel
extents.
Subblockingminimum
sizesshouldbekepttoa
reasonableresolutionto
definetheboundaries.The
smallerthesubblocking
sizethelargerthemodel.
Thiswillaffectcomputer
performanceandthetime
takentocreateormodify
theblockmodel.
Subblockingmaximum
sizesmustnotexceedthe
parentblocksize.
Subblockingsizesmust
beadivisoroftheparent
blocksize.
1.1.3 Variable Names and Default
Values
TheVariablespanelallows
youtospecifyallvariablesto
becreatedinthemodel.You
mustalsospecifythedata
typeandadefaultvaluefor
eachvariable.Thedescription
isoptional.
Figure16:BlockModel
UtilityVariablesPanel
Notes:
Variablenamesshould
neverstartwithanumeric
value.
Keepvariablenamesas
shortaspossible.
Selectthedatatypemost
appropriatetothe
requirementsofthe
variable.Assomedata
typesusemorememory
thanothers,selectingan
inappropriatedatatype
couldresultinmuchlarger
5
blockmodelsthan
necessary.
Variablesusedfor
estimationmustbeeither
"float"or"double"data
type.
1.1.4 Define the Limits of the
Block Sizes by Variables
TheLimitspanelallowsyou
tospecifyamaximumblock
sizeforblocksofpredefined
values.Valuesareassigned
usingtheBoundariespanel.
Forexample,withina
particularorezonetheblock
limitsmaybe5,2.5,2.5.
Whereasinanotherorezone
theblocklimitsmaybe1,1,1.
Figure17:BlockModel
UtilityLimitsPanel
Notes:
Ablockwillhavethislimit
appliedifthevariable
valueisequaltothat
specifiedinthepanel.You
maythereforeusemany
differentlimitvaluesto
defineaccuratelythezones
inthemodel.
Themaximumblocksize
mustliebetweenthe
smallestsubblocksize
andtheparentblocksize.
Henceyoumusthave
definedsubblocks.
Themaximumblocksize
mustbeadivisorofthe
parentblocksize.
1.1.5 Boundaries
TheBoundariespanelallows
youtoapplyattributesto
blocksbasedontheirposition
relativetotriangulations.This
optionalsoallowssub
blockingtobeperformed.
Forexample,ageologicalcode
maybeappliedifablocklies
withinasolidtriangulation
definingthegeologicalregion.
Prioritylevelsareassignedto
resolveareasofconflict
betweentriangulations;the
higherthevaluethehigher
thepriority.Thehighestvalue
allowableis9999.
Inversionandprojectionalong
anaxisareusedtodetermine
theareaofinterestrelativeto
atriangulation.
6
Figure18:BlockModel
UtilityBoundariesPanel
Notes:
Wildcardsmaybeused
whenlistingtriangulation
names.
Partialinversionisonly
usedwithsurface
triangulations.
Thehigherpriorityvalue
takesprecedenceoverthe
lower.
1.1.5.1 Inversion Examples:
Figure19:Inversionwith
3D(Solid)Triangulations
Figure110:Inversionwith
2D(Surface)Triangulations
1.1.5.2 Projection Axes:
Theprojectionaxisdefinesthe
directionforasurfaceandhas
noeffectwhenworkingwith
solids.Theprojectionaxis
optionisusedinsituations
wheresteeplydipping
structuresdefineregions.
Figure111:ProjectionAxes
IfNoinversionisselectedthe
negativesideofthe
triangulationistheareaof
interest.IfPartialorComplete
inversionisselectedthe
positivesideofthe
triangulationistheareaof
interest.
Fortriangulations(orebodies)
thataresteeplydipping,it
maybenecessarytoproject
alongtheXorYaxesto
7
ensurethecorrectinversionis
applied.
Figure112:Projection
alongtheXaxis
alongtheYaxis
Fortriangulations(orebodies)
thatareneartohorizontali.e.
lyingintheXYplane,a
projectionalongtheZaxis
maybemoresuitable.The
areaofinterestisthenbelow
thetriangulationifNo
inversionoraboveifPartialor
Completeisselected.
alongtheZaxis
1.1.6 Exceptions
TheExceptionspanelallows
youtospecifyconditionsthat
willresultinthoseblocksthat
matchtheconditionbeing
removed.
Forexample,iftheexception,
topoeq"air",isusedthenall
blockswherethevariable
"topo"hasthevalue"air"will
beremovedfromthemodel.
Figure115:BlockModel
UtilityExceptionsPanel
Notes:
Removingunnecessary
blocksfromthemodelwill
reducethesizeofthe
modelresultinginbetter
computerperformance.
8
Rememberthatifyou
simplyusethetopography
triangulationtoremove
blocks,thenyoumaybe
discardingsomeblocks
thatarerequiredfor
accuratereserves,
schedulingetc.Toavoid
this,makeacopyofyour
topographytriangulation,
translateittoaheight
abouttwicetheblock
heightabovethe
topographytriangulation
andthenusethiscopyfor
theexception.
1.1.7 Saving the Block Definition
File
TheBlockModelUtility>
File>SaveAsoptionallows
youtosavetheblock
definitionfile.Themaximum
sizeofthedefinitionfilename
is20alphanumeric
characters.
1.2 Create the Block Model
TheCreateModeloption
(eithertheBlock>
Construction>CreateModel
ortheBlockModelUtility>
Model>CreateModel)allows
youtobuildthemodel.
Oncealltherequired
parametershavebeenentered
usingtheNewDefinition
option,simplyspecifythe
blockdefinitionfilename
(.bdf)andthenameforthe
model.Bydefaultthe
definitionfilethatiscurrently
loadedisdisplayedinthe
panelandablockfilename
thatmatchesthedefinitionfile
nameissuggested.
Theindexmodeloption
shouldbeselectedtoallowthe
generationofablockmodel
index.Ablockmodelindex
willallowmuchfasteraccess
tothemodelforfuture
processing.Iftheblockmodel
islarge,thenthecreationof
theindexmaytakesometime.
Theblockmodelcreation
processisruninashell
window,thusallowingyouto
continueworkingwithin
VULCAN.
Workshop: Creating
your first model
Theaimofthisworkshopisto
createanumberofmodels
thatdemonstratethevarious
optionsavailable.Wewill
createasimpleregularmodel
andthenintroducesome
simpleviewingtechniquesso
thatyoumayverifythemodel.
Workatyourownpace.Use
themanualifrequiredorask
9
theMAPTEKstafffor
assistance.
1. The model origin and
orientation (Orientation Panel)
Entertheorigincoordinates
andtheRotationangle:
Xorigincoordinate:
77900.000
Yorigincoordinate:
4300.000
Zorigincoordinate:
300.000
Bearing:
62
OrientationPanel
Thiswillcreateamodel
trending62,withhorizontal
plungeanddip.
2. The model dimensions
(Schemes Panel)
Enterthestartoffset:
StartXOffset:
0.000
StartYOffset:
0.000
StartZoffset:
0.000
EntertheEndoffset:
EndXOffset:
810.000
EndYOffset:
330.000
EndZOffset:
600.000
Entertheparentblocksize:
BlockXSize:
30.000
BlockYSize:
30.000
BlockZSize:
30.000
Figure117:AddSchema
Panel
Thiswilldefineamodel810
330600metres.
10
SelectFile>SaveAs.
Entertheblockdefinitionfile
name:
FileName:
first
3. Adding variables (Variables
Panel)
Enter:
Variablename:
geol
Selectthedatatype:
name
Enterthedefaultvalue:
air
Enterthedescription:
geologicalcode
Figure118:AddVariable
Panel
Thismodelwillonlyhaveone
variablecalledgeolwitha
valueequaltoair.
SelectFile>Save.
4. Creating the model:
SelectModel>CreateModel.
Enterthemodelname:
first
Enterthedefinitionfile
name:
first
Figure119:BlockCreate
Panel
SelectOKtobuildthemodel.
Whenthemodelhasbeen
createdusetheBlockViewing
sliceandblocksoptionsto
verifythemodel.
Nowthatyouhavecreated
yourfirstmodelyoumaylike
toexperimentwiththeother
optionsavailable.Trythe
followingexamples.Either
buildonpreviousmodelsby
editingthe.bdforcreatenew
blockdefinitionfiles.
Aregularmodelwithoriginat
modelminimum
Aregularmodelrotated
Aregularmodelplunged
Aregularmodeldipped
Asubblockedmodelusing
solidtriangulations
11
surfacetriangulations
bothsolidandsurface
triangulations
limits
exceptions
Finallycreateamodel,which
wewilluseforgrade
estimation,usingsomeorall
oftheseoptions.
12
Chapter 2: Block Viewing
Chapter 2 Viewing Blocks in VULCAN
Figure21:MultipleBlockModelSlices
13
VULCAN Block Viewing
Methods
VULCANallowsyoutodisplay
theblockmodelinavarietyof
ways.
Youmay:
Displaytheblockmodel
extents.
Slicethemodelatany
orientation.
Slicethemodel
dynamically.
Displaymultipleslices.
Loadblocksas3Dboxes,
rectanglesorcrosses.
Contourthemodel.
Interrogatethemodel
directly.
Reasons for Viewing
Block Models
Afterablockmodelhasbeen
createditmustbeverified.
Commontypesofchecks
performedinclude:
Blockshavebeencreated
inthecorrectplace.
Blocksareofthecorrect
size.
Subblockinghas
performedasexpected.
Variablevalueshavebeen
assignedcorrectly.
Checkfor"leaks".
Aftergradeestimationthe
modelisviewedagaintoverify
theestimationprocess.The
modelmaybeviewedatany
timetogaininformation.
Getting Information
about your Block
Models
TheBlockmenucontains
optionsthatallowyouto
Listtheblockmodelsin
yourworkingdirectory
(Block>Directory).
Openablockmodel(Block
>Open).
Displaytheblockmodel
headerinformation(Block
>Header).
2.1 Getting a List of your Block
Models
TheDirectoryoptionallows
youtodisplayalistofthe
blockmodelsinyourworking
directory.
12
Figure22:ReportWindowshowingblockmodeldirectorylisting
2.2 Opening Your Block Model
TheOpenoptionallowsyouto
openablockmodel.Youcan
alsousethe Openbutton
ontheStandardtoolbarorthe
OpenBlockModelbutton
ontheOpentoolbartoOpen
Blockmodels.
ThestandardWindowsOpen
Panelisdisplayed.
UsetheLookinfieldto
navigatetothedirectoryin
whichtheblockmodelis
stored.
FromtheFilesofTypefield
selectVulcanBlockModels.
Notethisisonlynecessaryif
youusedtheOpenbuttonon
theStandardtoolbar.
Selecttheblockmodeltoopen
andselectOpen.
Note:
Youcanonlyhaveone
blockmodelopenata
time.
2.3 Displaying the Block Model
Header Information
TheHeaderoptionallowsyou
toviewgeneralinformation
aboutthemodel.
Theinformationincludes:
Modelname
Numberofblocks
Numberofvariables
Modelorigin
Modelorientation
Creation/Editdate
Variabledefaults
Translationtables
Modelschemes
Block Viewing
2.4 Generating Contours of the
Block Model
TheContouroptionallows
youtocontouranyvariablein
themodelinanyplane.One
ormoresectionsmaybe
contouredatanytime.Zonal
contoursmaybecreated.
Note:
13
Contoursarerestrictedto
valuesintheplanebeing
contoured.
Use"continuouscontours"
totakecareofblockswith
defaultvalues.
Displayingcontoursas
underlayswillassistin
graphicsperformance.
Contourintervalsare
controlledbythosesetout
inthecontourlegend
scheme.SeeAnalyse>
LegendEditifyoudonot
haveacontourlegend
scheme.
14
14
Figure23:ReportWindowshowingblockmodeldetails
Figure24:BlockContourspanel
15
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
Chapter 3 Block
Manipulation
TheManipulationsubmenu
allowsyouto:
Editvariablevalues.
Performoneline
calculations.
Minetheblockmodel
usingtriangulations.
Performmultiline
calculationsusingscripts.
Add,deleteandrename
variables.
Translateorrotatethe
blockmodel.
Indextheblockmodelfor
fasteraccess.
Assignvaluestoablock
model.
3.1 Editing a Block Model
TheEditoptionallowsyouto
editthevalueofavariablein
anyblockwithinthemodel.
Simplyclickontheblockyou
wanttoedit,selectthe
variablenameandenterthe
newvalueintheeditpanel.
Figure31:BlockEditpanel
3.2 Performing a Calculation on
the Block Model
TheCalculationoptionallows
youtoperformaoneline
calculationonanyblock
withinthemodel.
Simplyselectthevariableon
whichtoperformthe
calculationandenterthe
equationtoperform.
Forexample,youmightwant
todeterminethedollarvalue
ofeachblock.
Consider:
Variables:
au=goldgrade(gramsper
tonne)
sg=density(tonnes/m
3
)
volume=volume(m
3
)
dollar=dollarvalueofblock
Calculation:
(tonnesau)goldvalueper
tonne(tonnesminingcost
pertonne)
i.e.((sg*volume)*au)*34.00
(sg*volume)*40.0
Figure32:Block
CalculationPanel
16
3.3 Mining the Block Model
TheMineoptionallowsyouto
mineouttheblockmodel
againstsolidtriangulations
thatrepresenttheminedout
zonesofanorebody.This
valuecanthenbeusedinthe
advancedblockreserve
options.
Avariableisrequiredtostore
theminedvalue.Youhavethe
choiceofstoringthe
percentageoftheblock
remainingorthefractionof
theblockmined.Youalso
havetheoptionofselecting
blocksusingthefullcellor
proportionalcellevaluation
methods.
Usefullcellevaluationifyou
wanttoincludethoseblocks
whosecentroidfallswithinthe
region.Theentireblockis
selected.
Useproportionalcell
evaluationifyouwantto
includethoseblocksthatare
(eitherfullyorpartially)inthe
region.Theselectedblocksare
scaledaccordingtothe
proportionoftheblock's
volumethatlieswithinthe
region.
Note:
Theproportionalcell
evaluationmethodapplies
onlywhenrestricting
blocksusingabounding
box,closedtriangulation
orboundingsurfaces.
Figure33:StopeMining
Panel
3.4 Using Scripts
3.4.1 Why use scripts in
VULCAN?
allowsyoutoperform
complicatedcalculations
ontheblockmodel.
scriptingcanbeusedto
modifyexistingvariablesin
themodelbyactingonone
ormorevariablesata
time.
examplesofusingscripts
includecalculatingdollar
valuesforuseinWhittle
3D,establishingpercentof
blockminedandcreating
classificationfieldsfor
reservereporting.
scriptscanbestoredasa
recordofthemodifications
toablockmodelandthus
rerunorusedasanaudit
trail.
17
3.4.2 Scripting Constructs
Scriptsfollowthebasic
constructshownbelow.
if ( expression )
then
statement
elseif ( expression )
then
statement
elseif ...
else
statement
endif
Note:
"If"statementsmaybe
nested,butrememberthat
each"if"musthaveitsown
"endif".
Spacesandindentsare
optional,buthelpin
legibilityanddebugging.
The"elseif"and"else"
statementsareoptional.
3.4.3 Operators
Theoperatorsbelowarejust
somethatcanbeusedwith
scripts.
3.4.3.1 Comparison operators:
Numeric:
eq equalto
ne notequalto
le lessthanorequalto
lt lessthan
ge greaterthanorequal
to
gt greaterthan
Character:
eqs equaltostring
nes notequaltostring
3.4.3.2 Logical operators:
Use"and","or"forcomplex
conditions.
Forexample,
if ( au gt 0.5 and au
le 2.5 ) then
3.4.3.3 Assignment operators
= toassignavalue
3.4.3.4 Mathematical operators
+ add
subtract
/ divide
* multiply
abs absolute
sqrt squareroot
sin sine
cos cosine
18

Note:
SeetheOnlineHelp>
Envisage>Core
Appendices>AppendixD
andHforadditional
informationonscripting
syntaxandoperators.
3.4.4 Example Script:
Theexamplebelowassigns
differentvaluesfor"recovery"
basedonthevalueofthe"geo"
and"weathering"variables.
* demorecover.bcf
* block model calculation
script to define a
recovery
* factor based on "geo"
and "weathering".
*
* This script assumes
that the "recovery"
variable has been added
to the block model
*
* rec_103 = recovery
expected in geo = 3 and
weathering = 100
weathering = 100
weathering = 200
weathering = 200
* rec_0 = recovery
expected in non-ore zones
*
* Assign variable values
rec_103 = 0.833
rec_105 = 0.85
rec_203 = 0.97
rec_205 = 0.92
rec_0 = 0.00
if ( geo eq 3.0 ) then
if ( weathering eq
100.0 ) then
recovery = rec_103
elseif ( weathering
eq 200.0 ) then
recovery = rec_203
else
recovery = rec_0
endif
elseif (geo eq 5.0 ) then
if ( weathering eq
100.0 ) then
recovery = rec_105
elseif ( weathering
eq 200.0 ) then
recovery = rec_205
else
recovery = rec_0
endif
else
19
recovery=rec_0
endif
Note:
Scriptsareexecutedfor
eachcellinturn.
Anyvariablenamesmay
beused,butonlythose
variablesdefinedinthe
blockmodelwillsavethe
results.i.e.Scriptsallow
theuseoftemporary
variablestomakethe
calculationseasierto
understandand
implement.
Commentlinesmaybe
usedfreelythroughoutthe
script.Simplybeginthe
linewithanasterisk.
Scriptsprovideagood
permanentrecord,oraudit
trail,ofcalculations
performedontheblock
model.
Sequenceofevents:
Geologysupplyblock
modelwithgeologyand
gradevariables.
Addtherequired
engineeringandeconomic
variables.
Executescriptsto
calculatethevaluesof
economicandengineering
variablestoaidinmine
planning.
Workshop Exercise:
Scripts
Useoneoftheblockmodels
constructedearlierto
calculateadollarfieldfor
reportingandevaluation
purposes.
1. Plan your calculation
a.Whatvariableswillyou
need?
b.Whatlogicwillbest
suitthecalculationand
cellselection?
c.Youmayhavetoadd
yourvariable(s)first.
Note:
Useunitsanalysisto
confirmthatthevalueyou
arecalculatingisactually
thequantityyouwant.i.e.
Doyouwishtocalculate
thetotaldollarvalueof
eachcellorthe$/tvalue
ofthematerial?
20
2. Document your work:
a.Includedetailssuchas
yourname,thedate,the
nameofthescript(sothat
ifthescriptisprintedout
itcanbeidentified),the
purposeofthescriptand
themodelatwhichitwas
targeted.
b.Youmayalsoinclude
detailsofwherethisscript
fitsintothemineplanning
dataflow,andwhat
variableswereaddedto
the"original"modelto
allowthescripttorun.
Note:
Makethecalculationas
complexasyouwish,but
beliberalwithcomments
(foryourandotherpeoples
reference).Alsobuildthe
complexcalculationup
fromasimpleone.Confirm
thateachnewpartruns
beforedoingmore.
3. Document Temporary
Variables
a.Defineallconstantsto
beusedastemporary
variablesattheheadof
thescript.Thismakes
editingandrerunning
scriptseasier.
b.Dontforgetto
documentdifferent
versionsofscriptsfor
reference.
Note:
Ifyouwillbedoinga
complexcalculationona
largeorhugeblockmodel,
thenitmaypaytoextract
asmallsectiononwhichto
testthescriptsbeforeyou
edittherealmodel.
3.5 Adding Block Model
Variables
TheAddVariableoption
allowsyoutoaddvariablesto
theblockmodel.
Figure34:AddBlockModel
Variablepanel
Youmust:
Enteranewvariable
name.
Selectthetypeofdatato
bestoredinthevariable.
Enteradefaultvalue.
21
Andenteranoptional
descriptionforthe
variable.
OncompletionoftheAdd
BlockModelVariablepanel,
itisredisplayed,sothat
additionalvariablesmaybe
defined.Whenallvariablesare
defined,canceloutofthe
panel.Thevariableswillbe
addedtothemodel.
3.6 Deleting Variables from a
Block Model
TheDeleteVariableoption
allowsyoutodeletevariables
fromablockmodel.
Simplyselectthevariableto
bedeletedfromthevariable
listandselectOK.
Note:
Alldataassociatedwith
thedeletedvariableisalso
removed.
3.7 Renaming Variables in a
Block Model
TheChangeNameoption
allowsyoutorenameany
existingvariableintheblock
model:
Selectthevariabletobe
renamedfromthevariable
list.
Enterthenewname.
Enteranoptionalvariable
description.
Enteranoptionaldefault
value.
Figure35:BlockModel
ChangeVariableNamePanel
3.8 Translating a Block Model
TheTranslateoptionallows
youtomoveablockmodel.
EntertheX,YandZ
translationdistances.The
blockmodelwillthenbe
moved(translated)the
appropriatedistancealong
eachaxis.
Figure36:BlockModel
TranslationPanel
3.9 Rotating a Block Model
TheRotateoptionallowsyou
torotateablockmodelabout
itsorigin.Simplyenterthe
22
rotationanglesfortheX,Y
andZaxes.Allrotationangles
areanticlockwise.Ifclockwise
rotationisrequired,thenenter
negativerotationangles.
Figure37:BlockModel
RotationPanel
Note:
Therotationaxesarethe
sameasdefinedinthe
blockconstructionarea.
ThereforetheBearing,
PlungeandDipdonot
havetheirnormal
structuraldefinitions.
3.10 Indexing a Block Model
TheIndexoptionallowsyouto
indexablockmodel.Indexing
ablockmodelwritesaspatial
indexoftheblocklocationsto
theblockmodelfile,
consequentlyallowingfor
fasteraccesstotheblock
model.Ifthestructureofthe
blockmodelchangesinany
way,theblockmodelmustbe
indexedagain.Addingor
deletingvariableshasnoeffect
ontheindexoftheblock
model.
Figure38:IndexBlock
ModelPanel
Note:
Theindexprocedure
requiresanamountofdisk
spaceequaltotheamount
thatthemodelalready
occupies.Thismeansthat
ifthemodelis4Mbinsize
andonly3Mbisfreeyou
won'tbeabletoindexthe
model.
Whenindexingthemodel
youcanchoosetousethe
fastmethod,whichisCPU
intensiveandstopsyou
workinginEnvisage,orthe
slowermethod,which
allowsyoutocontinue
workinginEnvisage.
3.11 Assigning Values to a
Block Model
TheAssignValuesoption
allowsyoutoassignblock
variablevaluesfromaninput
modeltoanoutputmodel.The
blockvariablevaluesare
assignedbasedontheir
commonblockoverlapandthe
calculationmethodchosen.
23
Theopenblockmodel
(rememberyoucanonlyhave
oneblockmodelopenata
time)istheinputmodel.You
specifytheoutputmodelon
theAssignBlockValuespanel.
Youalsospecifythenameof
theblockdefinitionfile(.bdf)
thatistobecreatedoredited
intheassignmentprocess.
Figure39:AssignBlock
ValuesPanel
Note:
Theinputandoutput
modelmusthavethesame
orientation(i.e.bearing,
plungeanddip)andtheir
parent(primary)block
extentsmustoverlap.Ifthe
outputmodelextentis
beyondtheinputmodel
extent,inputblocksonthe
edgewillbeassigned
incorrectvaluesduetothe
differenceinvolume.
Alldefinitionfilesare
displayedinthedefinition
filelist,however,only
thosefilescreatedina
previousassignvalues
procedureshouldbe
selected.
Loadonlyanexisting
assignmentdefinitionfileif
itwascreatedwiththe
sameinputandoutput
blockmodelsothat
variabledetailsmatch.
Figure310:Assignment
VariablesPanel
Namevariablevaluesinthe
outputmodelareignored,i.e.
youcannotassignavalue
fromtheinputmodeltoa
namevariableintheoutput
model.Forthisreason,the
AssignmentMethodsarenot
displayedforoutputname
variables.
UsetheNextbuttontostep
througheachoutputvariable's
panel.
Thename,defaultvalueand
datatypeoftheoutput
variableisdisplayedatthetop
ofthepanel.
24
Foreachoutputvariable,
specifytheassignment
calculationmethod:
Usedefaultvalueuses
thedefaultvalueofthe
outputvariable(shownin
thetophalfofthepanel).
Majorityvariableallows
youtoenterorselectan
inputvariableforwhich
themajorityvaluewillbe
calculatedandplacedin
theoutputvariable.
Totalvariableallowsyou
toenterorselectaninput
variableforwhichthetotal
willbefoundandplacedin
theoutputvariable.
Averagevariableallows
youtoenterorselectan
inputvariableforwhich
theaveragewillbefound
andplacedintheoutput
variable.
Percentagevariable
allowsyoutoenteran
inputvariableandan
ordinalvalue.The
percentageofvariable
valuesequaltotheordinal
valueiscalculatedand
placedintheoutput
variable.
SelecttheWeightblocks
usingdensityoptiontoweight
outputvariablesbydensity.
Youcaneitheruseadensity
valueoraninputdensity
variable.
Oncealloutputvariableshave
beenassigned,youare
promptedwhethertocontinue
withtheassignmentprocess
ortochangethedefinition.
IfyouselectChange
definition,youarereturned
tothefirstoutputvariable's
panel.IfyouselectContinue,
theexternalblockassignment
programisruninashell
window.Oncethisisfinished,
pressEntertoremovethe
window.
Note:
Theblockassignment
programprocessesthe
outputmodelinstripsof
XYblockswiththeZ
depthoftheoutputmodel.
Wherethesestripsoverlap
theinputmodel,theinput
modelblocksarere
blockedandthecalculated
volumeand(possibly
densityweighted)values
areassignedtotheoutput
modelblocks.
Toruntheblock
assignmentprogramfrom
outsideEnvisage,starta
HamiltonCShell,navigate
25
toyourworkingdirectory
andexecutetheblock
assignmentprogram
bassignfromthe
VULCAN_EXEdirectory.
Useyourinputandoutput
blockmodelsanda
previouslycreated
assignmentdefinitionfile
(thedefinitionfilemust
matchtheinputand
outputmodels).
Forexample:
$VULCAN_EXE/bas
sign demoinput
demooutput
demoassign.bdf
or,ifVULCAN_EXE
isnotdefined
$VULCAN_BIN/exe
/bassign
demoinput
demooutput
demoassign.bdf
Chapte
r Four

Block
Transf
er
The
Transfer
menu
allowsyou
to:
Import
regular
and
sub
blocked
models.
Import
attribut
esfrom
an
ASCII
file.
Export
the
block
model
toan
ASCII
file.
Maska
block
model.
Write
block
values
toa
map
file
(drilling
).
Add
two
block
models.
Regular
isea
block
model.
Delete
section
sofa
block
model.
Export
ablock
model.
4.1
Importing a
Regular
Block
Model
The
Regular
option
allowsyou
toimport
anASCII
filethat
represents
aregular
block
model.
Youmust
25
setupa
definition
fileto
matchthe
ASCIIfile.
Withinthe
ASCIIfile,
thefields
mustbein
aspecific
orderwith
eachline
representin
gablock.
Itmust
haveanX,
YandZ
centre,
thenthe
gradeor
model
fields,in
thesame
orderas
definedin
the
definition
file.The
blockco
ordinates
mustbein
realworld
co
ordinates.
Seethe
Online
Help>
Envisage>
Block
Model>
Appendix
Aformore
detailson
theASCII
fileformat
andthe
correspond
ing
definition
file.
Enterthe
nameof
theblock
modelto
becreated,
thename
ofthe
definition
fileandthe
nameof
theASCII
filetobe
imported
inthe
Regular
Import
panel.
Figure1
4:Regular
Import
Panel
Note:
Usean
alphab
etic
charact
eras
the
first
charact
erof
the
block
model
identifi
er.
The
block
model
name
may
havea
maxim
umof
20
charact
ers.
The
block
model
extensi
on
(.bmf)
willbe
added
automa
tically.
The
ASCII
model
file
name
should
contain
thefull
name
(includi
ngthe
file
extensi
on)of
the
ASCII
fileto
be
importe
d.
4.2
Importing a
Sub-
blocked
Block
Model
The
Subblock
option
allowsyou
toimport
anASCII
filethat
represents
asub
26
blocked
block
model.You
mustset
upa
definition
fileto
matchthe
ASCIIfile.
Withinthe
ASCIIfile,
thefields
mustbein
aspecific
orderwith
eachline
representin
gablock.
Itshould
haveanX,
YandZ
centre,X,
YandZ
size,and
thenthe
gradeor
model
fieldsin
thesame
orderas
definedin
the
definition
file.The
blockco
ordinates
mustbein
realworld
co
ordinates.
Seethe
Online
Help>
Envisage>
Block
Model>
Appendix
Aformore
detailson
theASCII
fileformat
andthe
correspond
ing
definition
file.
Figure4
2:Sub
blocked
Import
Panel
Youspecify
thename
ofthe
block
modelto
becreated,
thename
ofthe
definition
fileandthe
nameof
theASCII
filetobe
imported
onthe
Sub
blocked
Import
panel.
Note:
Usean
alphab
etic
charact
eras
the
first
charact
erof
the
block
model
identifi
er.
The
block
model
name
may
havea
maxim
umof
20
charact
ers.
The
block
model
extensi
on
(.bmf)
willbe
added
automa
tically.
The
ASCII
model
file
name
should
contain
thefull
name
(includi
ngthe
file
extensi
on)of
the
ASCII
fileto
be
importe
d.
4.3
Importing
Attributes
into a
Block
Model
The
Attributes
option
27
allowsyou
toimport
anASCII
file
containing
block
model
detailsand
grade
estimation
results,
intoapre
existing
block
model.
Theformat
ofthe
ASCIIfile
mustbe:
X centre
Y centre
Z centre
data1
data2
data3
whereX,Y
andZ
centre,isa
pointin
space.
Whatever
block
encloses
thepoint,
getsdata1,
data2,
data3
inserted
intothe
specified
fields.If
twodata
points
existfor
thesame
coordinate
point,or
twoco
ordinate
pointslie
inthe
same
block,then
thelastco
ordinate
readinthe
ASCIIfile
will
overwrite
any
previous
ones.
Thedata
variables
inthe
ASCIIfile
donot
havetobe
inthe
same
sequence
asthe
block
model.Not
allthe
variables
withinthe
block
modelhave
tobeinthe
ASCIIfile.
However,
allthedata
variables
withinthe
ASCIIfile
mustbe
imported,
otherwise
errorswill
occur
when
readingthe
file.
Therefore,
ifthe
ASCIIfile
haseight
data
variables
andonly
threeof
themare
tobe
imported,
thefile
mustbe
strippedof
theexcess
columns.
Figure4
3:Import
Attributes
intoModel
Panel
Theopen
block
model
nameis
displayed
atthetop
ofthe
panel
Import
Attributes
intoModel
panel.
Enterthe
ASCIIfile
28
namein
the
Insertion
filename
field.The
fullfile
namemust
beentered,
including
thefile
extension.
Ifthefileis
notinyour
working
directory,
precede
thefile
withthe
required
path
(pathsmay
berelative
orfull).
Upto30
variables
canbe
imported
atatime.
Centroids
canbe
imported
asreal
worldco
ordinates
oras
relative
offsets.
Realworld
co
ordinates
arean
actual
locationin
space.
Relative
offsetsare
the
distances
intheX,Y
andZ
directions
with
respectto
theorigin
ofthe
block
model.
Note:
This
option
does
not
require
a
definiti
onfile.
4.4
Exporting a
Block
Model
The
Export
ASCII
option
allowsyou
toexporta
block
modelto
anASCII
file.
Thename
oftheopen
block
modelis
displayed
atthetop
ofthe
Block
Model
Export
panel.
Enterthe
destination
filename
inthe
Exportfile
namefield.
Includea
file
extension
ifrequired.
For
example,
<file
name>.asc
.The
maximum
filename
sizeis20
alphanume
ric
characters.
Thefilewill
beplaced
inyour
working
directory.
Figure4
4:Block
Model
Export
Panel
Toexport
theblock
identificati
on
numbers,
selectthe
Export
blockids
checkbox.
Donttick
thisboxif
youwant
toimport
themodel
backinto
Envisage.
29
Toexport
the
physical
volumesof
theblocks,
selectthe
Export
block
volumes
checkbox.
Donttick
thisboxif
youwant
toimport
themodel
backinto
Envisage.
Toexport
all
variables
inthe
block
model
selectthe
Exportall
variables
radio
button.
Alternativel
yyoucan
chooseto
exporta
subsetof
the
variables
inthe
block
model.If
thisisthe
case,select
theExport
individual
variables
radio
button.A
maximum
of30
variables
maybe
exported
usingthis
method.
Centroids
canbe
exported
asreal
worldoras
relative
offsets.
4.5 Export
Variables
to a Map
File
The
Export
Mask
option
allowsyou
toexport
variables
fromthe
openblock
model,
correspond
ingtothe
X,YandZ
locationsof
aspecified
mapfile
(thismay
beanISIS
database
orASCII
mapfile).
Thisoption
createsa
newmap
filethat
includes
allfields
fromthe
"old"map
file(thefile
beingread)
plusupto
6new
fields.
Thedata
thatwillbe
exportedis
specifiedin
the
<proj><na
me>.bmm
parameter
file.This
parameter
filecanbe
usedwith
the
HamiltonC
Shell
bmask
command,
e.g.
bmask
<proj><n
ame>.bmm
Thisoption
isusefulif
youwant
towritethe
estimated
grade
valuestoa
mapfilefor
validation
purposes
and
bivariate
analysis
(seethe
Online
Help
Envisage>
Analyse>
Statistics
11section).
Itisalso
usefulto
mapthe
geological
domains
definedin
theblock
modeltoa
mapfile,
sothat
domain
30
restrictions
canbe
usedin
grade
estimation.
Figure4
5:The
Mask
Block
Model
panel
Theopen
block
model
nameis
displayed
atthetop
ofthe
Mask
Block
Model
panel.
Enterthe
nameof
the
parameter
filetobe
createdor
modifiedin
the
Parameter
Identifier
field.The
maximum
sizeofthe
nameis10
alphanume
ric
characters.
Asthe
project
codeand
extension
areadded
automatica
lly,youdo
notneedto
enterthese
values.
Toimport
fromor
exportto
anISIS
database,
selectthe
Use
samples
database
option.
Specifythe
design
nameand
the
database
identifier.
Toimport
fromor
exportto
anASCII
mapfile,
enterMAP
inthe
Design
Name
field.
Upto6
variables
canbe
selected.
You'llalso
needto
specifyan
appropriat
edefault
value.
Note:
The
design
names
forthe
"old"
and
new
databa
se
must
notbe
the
same
(unless
using
map
files,in
which
case
they
will
bothbe
MAP).
If
exporti
ngdata
toan
ISIS
databa
se,the
data
maybe
groupe
dinthe
resulta
nt
databa
sefile.
ISIS
databa
ses
may
contain
multipl
e
groups.
ASCII
map
files
may
consist
ofone
31
group
only.To
createa
new
group,
entera
unique
name
inthe
Group
field.
The
maxim
umsize
ofthe
group
nameis
12
alphan
umeric
charact
ers.
You
may
wantto
enter
an
optiona
l40
alphan
umeric
charact
er
descrip
tionof
the
mapor
databa
se.The
descrip
tion
appear
sinthe
header
ofthe
new
map
file.
If
exporti
ngto
an
existing
ISIS
databa
seor
map
file,
selectin
gthe
Appen
dto
existin
g
group
check
boxwill
allow
youto
append
the
specifie
dgroup
tothe
same
group(s
)inthe
existing
databa
seor
map
file.
Ifthe
Use
Fortra
n
Format
option
is
selecte
d,
specify
the
map
file
identifi
er
(<mfi>)
in
which
the
existing
sample
datais
stored.
Note:
When
using
Fortran
formats
,data
willbe
append
edto
the
specifie
dmap
file
instead
ofa
new
map
file
being
created
.
The
FORTR
AN
format
stateme
nt
identifi
esthe
location
ofthe
X,Y,
andZ
co
ordinat
es.
Envisag
e
expects
a
charact
er
variabl
e
indicati
32
ngthe
numbe
rof
column
stobe
skipped
before
the
first
locatio
nis
reached
plus
three
real
numbe
rs.The
three
real
numbe
rs
represe
ntthe
X,Y
andZ
co
ordinat
es.For
exampl
e,12X,
3F13.3
means
that
theco
ordinat
esare
located
starting
inthe
13th
column
(first12
column
sare
skipped
).The
maxim
umsize
ofthe
format
is80
alphan
umeric
charact
ers.
The
fields
support
edina
FORTR
AN
format
stateme
ntare
listed
inthe
Online
help,
Envisag
e>
Core
Append
ixes.
IftheUse
samples
database
optionis
selected,a
panelwill
be
displayed
allowing
youto
enterthe
group
nameand
field
informatio
nrequired.
Figure4
6:Load
Samples
Database
Panel
Enterthe
nameof
thegroup
tobe
loaded
fromthe
sourcefile.
Wildcards
(*multi
character
and%
single
character)
maybe
usedifyou
can't
remember
agroup's
name.
However,
onlyone
groupwill
beloaded
thisisthe
firstgroup
inthefile
that
matches
theentered
criteria.
For
example,
A*loads
thefirst
groupin
themap
filethat
startswith
anA.
Specifythe
namesof
thefields
containing
theX,Y
andZco
ordinates.
Thesample
datawill
thenbe
exported
33
andamap
filewillbe
createdor,
ifusinga
FORTRAN
format,the
datawill
be
appended.
Theexport
occursina
Shell
window.
This
window
also
displays
error
messages.
Whenthe
exportis
finished
press
[Enter]to
removethe
window.
4.6
Intersect a
Drill Hole
Database
The
Export
Drilling
option
allowsyou
tointersect
adrillhole
database
with
variables
oftheopen
block
modelthat
correspond
totheX,Y
andZ
locationsof
the
database.
Thisoption
isusefulif
youwant
towritethe
estimated
grade
valuestoa
drillhole
database
for
validation
and
analysis
purposes
analysis
(seethe
Online
Help
Envisage>
Analyse>
Statistics
11section).
Note:
The
drillhol
e
databa
se
fields
willbe
overwri
tten
with
the
block
model
variabl
es
unless
destina
tion
fields
have
been
created
in
which
the
intersec
tion
results
willbe
stored.
Figure4
7:
Intersect
Drilling
Panel
Theopen
block
modelis
displayed
atthetop
ofthe
Intersect
Drilling
panel.
Enterthe
design
(datasheet)
name
(.<dsn>)of
thedrill
hole
database
andthe
optional
database
identifier.
Figure4
8:DB
Intersecti
onRecord
Panel
34
Enterthe
drillhole
database
table
(record)to
be
intersected
.
Figure4
9:DB
Intersecti
onFields
Panel
Selectthe
Fromand
Tofieldsin
the
specified
table
(record).
Upto10
block
model
variables
canbe
matchedto
drillhole
fields.
Note:
The
block
model
variabl
esand
drillhol
e
databa
se
fields
must
bereal
numbe
rs(4
bytes).
4.7 Block
Model
Addition
The
Addition
Parameter
soption
allowsyou
tocreatea
block
definition
filetobe
usedwhen
combining
twoblock
models
intoanew
model.The
modelsto
be
combined
may:
Totally
overlap
each
other.
Partiall
y
overlap.
Not
overlap.
Have
differen
t
parent
block
sizes.
Contai
n
differen
t
variabl
es.
T
h
e
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
,
i.
e
.
b
e
a
r
i
n
g
,
p
l
u
n
g
e
a
n
d
d
35
i
p
.
Some
specific
usesfor
thisoption
include:
Adding
two
adjacen
t
models
sothat
a
resourc
e
calcula
tion
maybe
perfor
medon
the
total
model.
Extract
inga
portion
ofa
model
for
modific
ation,
i.e.
adding
ina
variabl
eor
updatin
gthe
grade
estimat
ion,
then
adding
itback
intothe
original
.
Creatin
ganew
empty
model
that
may
contain
a
surface
orsolid
which
wasnot
present
inthe
old
model.
Then
combin
ingthis
model
with
the
original
to
createa
new
model
that
now
include
sthe
surface
orsolid
zones.
Creating a
New
definition
File
Figure4
10:New
Definition
Panel
Specifythe
twoblock
modelsto
add.Also
enterthe
nameof
thenew
block
modelthat
willbe
created
whenthis
optionis
run.
Hints:
Itdoes
not
matter
which
model
you
select
asthe
firstor
second
one.
Only
the
variabl
esare
stored
inthe
definiti
onfile
(.bdf)
the
names
ofthe
block
models
arenot
stored.
The
new
block
definiti
onfile
name
willbe
taken
from
thenew
block
36
model
name.
For
exampl
e,ifyou
enter
FINAL
asthe
new
block
model
name,
your
block
definiti
onfile
willbe
named
<proj>F
INAL.b
df.
Defining the
Parent
Scheme
Thetwo
models
maybe
combined
intoanew
one,using:
Either
model
scheme
.
A
combin
ed
scheme
.
Anew
scheme
.
Figure4
11:Block
Model
Parent
Scheme
Panel
Columns
inthe
Block
Model
Parent
Scheme
panelare
orderedX,
YandZ.
Theoffsets
arethe
offset
distances
relativeto
theorigin
point.
Hints:
Anew
block
definiti
onfile
is
created
forthe
new
model.
The
new
model
extent
is
depend
enton
the
scheme
entered
onthis
panel.
Ifyour
final
model
does
not
cover
the
expecte
darea,
check
the
scheme
used.
The
model
1and
model
2
parent
scheme
smust
be
multipl
esof
each
other.
The
resulta
nt
model's
parent
scheme
must
encomp
ass
both
other
parent
scheme
s.
Adding New
variables
New
variables
maybe
addedinto
the
resulting
block
model
37
and/or
existing
variables
ineither
modelcan
be
manipulate
dforusein
thenew
model.
Figure4
12:Add
Variable
Panel
Ifnew
variables
are
requiredin
thefinal
block
model,
whichdo
notexistin
eitherof
thetwo
original
models,
theymay
beadded
usingthe
Add
Variable
panel.See
theBlock
Manipulati
onAdd
Variable
sectionfor
detailson
adding
variables.
Ifnonew
variables
are
requiredor
all
variables
havebeen
added,
cancelthis
panel.
Determining
which
variables to
include
(Variable
Constrainin
g)
Therearea
numberof
options
regarding
how
existing
variables
areusedin
thenew
model:
Variabl
e
Domin
ance
Variabl
esfrom
both
models
are
used.
Select
which
model
variabl
eswill
beused
in
areasof
overlap.
Averag
eof
Variabl
es
Uses
the
average
ofthe
two
model
variabl
esin
areasof
overlap.
Direct
Variabl
e
Mappin
g
Allows
theuse
of
variabl
e
values
from
one
model
only.
Use
scripts
Allows
variabl
e
values
tobe
determi
nedby
a
script.
The
Variable
Constraini
ngpanel
willbe
displayed
foreach
variable.
Youmust
choose
whetheror
38
notto
includethe
variablein
thefinal
model.
Ifa
variable
existsin
both
original
models
andisnot
selectedfor
inclusion
inthefinal
model
when
displayed
asa
variablein
thefirst
model,it
willappear
againwhen
displaying
variables
fromthe
second
model.If
the
variableis
selected
fromthe
firstmodel,
itwillnot
appearfor
thesecond
model.
When
using
Variable
Dominanc
eablock
addition
scriptfile
is
generated
automatica
lly.For
example:
IF
(m1:mater
ial NE
-9999999
999)
THEN
m3:minera
lisation
=
m1:materi
al
ELSE
m3:minera
lisation
= WASTE
ENDIF
END
Note:
All
block
model
scripts
created
bythe
block
additio
n
routine
have
the
extensi
on
.bcf.
Creating the
new Block
Model
The
Perform
Addition
option
allowsyou
tocreatea
newblock
modelby
addingtwo
existing
models.
The
process
usesthe
block
model
addition
definition
fileand
block
model
addition
variable
constrainin
gscript
files
createdin
theBlock>
Transfer>
Addition
Parameters
option.
Youmust
specifythe
two
existing
block
models
andthe
newblock
addition
definition
filename.
Figure4
13:Block
ModelAdd
Panel
Note:
Itdoes
not
matter
which
model
you
select
asthe
39
firstor
second
one.
Worksh
op -
Block
Manipul
ation,
Add
Theaimof
this
workshop
isto
experiment
withthe
Block
Addition
optionsto
become
familiar
withthe
consequen
cesof
each.
Trythe
following:
Add
two
models
thatdo
not
overlap
.
Add
two
overlap
ping
models
.
Extract
partof
a
model,
modify
it,and
then
addit
backto
the
origina
l.
Adda
waste
model
toan
ore
model.
4.8
Regularisin
g a block
model
The
Regularise
Parameter
soption
allowsyou
tocreateor
edita
block
definition
file
(<proj><na
me>.bdf).
Thisfileis
thenused
bythe
Perform
Regularisa
tionoption
to
regularise
ablock
model.
Hints:
Block
definiti
onfiles
arealso
created
by
other
block
model
options
,e.g.
the
Block>
Transfe
r>
Additio
n
Parame
ters
option
andthe
Block>
Constr
uction
>New
Definiti
on
option.
Ifyou
usethe
Regular
ise
Parame
ters
option
toedit
these
typesof
.bdf
files,a
warnin
g
messag
ewill
be
display
ed
informi
ngyou
that
the.bdf
fileis
nota
reblock
definiti
onfile.
Figure4
14:Model
40
Reblockin
gPanel
The
Parameter
fileto
copy
option
allowsyou
tocopy
andthen
modifyan
existing
definition
file.
Enterthe
nameof
thenew
parameter
fileinthe
New
parameter
filefield.
Theproject
codeand
extension
areadded
automatica
lly.The
maximum
sizeofthe
parameter
filename
is20
alphanume
ric
characters
andthis
includes
theproject
nameand
file
extension
(.bdf).
Figure4
15:
Reblockin
g
Dimension
sPanel
The
Reblocking
Dimension
spanel
requires
youtoset
theregular
model's
origin,
startand
end
(minimum
and
maximum)
X,YandZ
offsetsfor
itsextent,
anditsX,
YandZ
regular
blocksizes.
The
regular
modelcan
sit
completely
inside,
outsideor
partially
insidethe
sub
blocked
model.
Theblock
sizesdo
nothaveto
bealigned
withthe
sub
blocked
model's
sizes.The
models
dimension
sare
completely
independe
ntofthe
sub
blocked
model
being
regularised
.
On
completion
ofthis
panel,the
Resulting
Variables
panelis
displayed.
Thispanel
needstobe
completed
foreach
variable
requiredin
thenew
model.
Figure4
16:
41
Resulting
Variables
Panel
Enterthe
nameof
the
variable
youwant
tocreatein
thenew
modelin
the
Variable
Name
field.The
maximum
sizeis20
alphanume
ric
characters.
The
Default
valueis
only
requiredif
usingthe
default,
totalor
average
regularisa
tion
methods
(seebelow).
The
following
characters
maybe
usedin
combinatio
nwiththe
default
value,but
noton
theirown:
[ ]
( ){ }% ,
+ - * / &
Foreach
variable
youmust
specifya
datatype
and
regularisa
tion
method.
Available
datatypes:
Float
Areal
number
accurat
eto7
signific
ant
figures.
Itis
generall
yused
for
grades
and
densitie
s.
Double
A
floating
point
numbe
r
accurat
eto14
signific
ant
figures.
Itis
generall
yused
for
sensitiv
e
grades.
Useof
this
data
type
will
result
inlarge
block
model
files
that
are
slower
to
process
.
Integer
A
fixed
point
number
inthe
range
[2000
000
000to
+2000
000
000].
Byte
data
Afixed
point
number
inthe
range
[0to
255].
The
regularisat
ion
methods
(listed
below)
calculate
variables
usingsub
blocks,
regular
blocksand
common
blocks.
Common
42
blocksare
generated
whena
regular
block
intersects
sub
blocks.In
the
example,R
indicates
theregular
block,S
thesub
blocksand
Cthe
common
blocks.The
numberof
subblocks
intersected
bya
regular
blockis
denotedby
NSB.
Figure4
17:
Common
Blocks
Availableregularisation
methods:
UsedefaultvalueThis
methodusesthedefault
valuespecifiedatthetop
ofthepanel.
MajorityvariableThis
methodcalculatesthe
ordinalvaluethatoccupies
amajorityoftheregular
block'svolume.Theinput
andoutputvariabletypes
shouldbebyteorinteger.
Floatingpointvariables
willbetruncated.The
calculationmaybedefined
asfollows:
es) ed_variabl ode(weight Weighted_M majority
where
[ ]
NSB
mon_block) VOLUME(com variable ariables weighted_v
1

TotalvariableThis
methodcalculatesthetotal
ofthevariablefromthe
subblocksintersectedby
theregularblock.The
calculationmaybedefined
asfollows:
'
<
>
0 e sum_tonnag sum_total,
0 e sum_tonnag sum_total,
0 e sum_tonnag tal, default_to
total
where,
NSB
1 i
_block) VOLUME(sub
mon_block) VOLUME(com variable
sum_total
and
NSB
1 i
mon_block) VOLUME(com e sum_tonnag
AveragevariableThis
methodcalculatesthe
averageofthevariable
fromthesubblocks
intersectedbytheregular
block.Thecalculationmay
bedefinedasfollows:
43
'
<
>
0 e sum_tonnag
e sum_tonnag
sum_units
0 e sum_tonnag
e sum_tonnag
sum_units
0 e sum_tonnag erage, default_av
average
,
,
where.

NSB
1 i
density mon_block) VOLUME(com variable sum_units
and

NSB
1 i
density mon_block) VOLUME(com e sum_tonnag
Hint:
Ifdensityweightingisnot
used,thedensityvalue
defaultsto1.Otherwise,
thespecifieddensityvalue
orsubblockdensity
variableisused.
PercentagevariableThis
methodcalculatesthe
percentageoftheregular
blockvolumeoccupiedby
subblocksmatchinga
specifiedordinalvalue.
Theinputvariabletype
shouldbebyteorinteger,
andtheoutputvariable
typeshouldbefloating
point.Thenumberofsub
blocksintersectedbya
regularblockandalso
matchingthegivenordinal
valueisdenotedbyNSB.
Thecalculationmaybe
definedasfollows:
100
lume regular_vo
_match sum_volume
percentage
where,
NSB
1 i
mon_block) VOLUME(com _match sum_volume
and
) ular_block VOLUME(reg lume regular_vo
The
Weight
blocks
using
density
optionis
applicable
onlyifyou
are
averaging
ortotalling
afield's
contents
(i.e.
density
weighted
averages
e.g.
grams/ton;
density
multiplied
totalse.g.
tonnages).
Examples -
Regularisa
tion
Methods
(2D only)
44
Figure4
18
Regular
Block(R),
subblocks
(S1,S2,
S3andS4)
and
common
blocks
(C1,C2,
C3and
C4)
When
regular
blockR
intersects
subblocks
S1,S2,S3,
S4it
generates
common
blocksC1,
C2,C3,
C4.See
Figure4
18and
Tables41
and42.
Table41:
Sub
Blocks
Sub
block
Volume
S1 400.0
S2 400.0
S3 400.0
S4 400.0
Table42:
Common
Blocks
Common
Block
C1
C2
C3
C4
DefaultVariableNo
calculationperformed.
MajorityVariableReferto
Figure418,Table41and
Table42.
Majorityforzonevariablein
regularblock:
B)] of (100 A), of [(300
A)] of (100 B), of (100 A), of (100 A), of [(100 ariables weighted_v
hence,themajority=A
TotalVariableReferto
Table42.
Totalforgoldvariablein
regularblock:
5 . 2
1 5 . 0 25 . 0 75 . 0
400
100
4
400
100
2
400
100
1
+ + +
,
_
+
,
_
+
,
_
+
,
_

400
100
3 sum_total
400
100 100 100 100 sum_volume
+ + +
hence,thetotal=2.5
AverageVariableReferto
Table42.
Averageforgoldvariablein
regularblock:
45
5 . 2
+ + +
+ + +
400
1000
average hence
400
100 100 100 100 e sum_tonnag
1000
100) (4 100) (2 100) (1 100) (3 sum_units
NOTE:
Densityweightingisnot
usedforthisexample.
PercentageVariableReferto
Table42.
Percentageofregularblock
volumefilledbysubblocks
withazonevalueofA:
% 75
100

,
_
+ +
400
300
zone(A) percentage hence,
400 lume regular_vo
A of 300
A) of (100 A) of (100 A) of (100 _volume sum_common
FillPercentageVariable
(fillpc)Reblockoption
RefertoFigure418,Table41
andTable42.
Filledpercentageforregular
block:
% 100
100

,
_
+ + +
400
400
fillpc hence
400 ) ular_block VOLUME(reg
400
100 100 100 100 _volume sum_common
4.9
Deleting
Blocks
from a
block
model
TheDelete
cells
option
allowsyou
todelete
blocks
froma
block
model.
Whenthis
optionis
selected,
theblock
selection
panelis
displayed
allowing
youto
choosethe
blocksto
bedeleted.
Figure4
19:Block
Selection
Panel
Eitherall
blocksor
specific
blockscan
be
selected.If
youselect
specific
blocks,you
canspecify
oneor
moreofthe
following
46
selection
criteria:
By
variable
Torestrict
blocksbya
variable,
specifythe
variable
anda
particular
value.For
example,
allblocks
wherethe
Material
variable
equalsOre.
By
bounding
triangulati
onTo
select
blocks
withina
particular
solid
triangulati
on,e.g.a
stope.If
thereis
morethan
one
triangulati
onloaded,
you'llbe
prompted
toselect
the
required
one.
By
bounding
boxTo
restrictthe
selected
blocksto
those
contained
withina
cube.The
cubeis
definedin
Interactiv
eorCo
ordinate
mode.The
required
modeis
selected
fromthe
panel
displayed
upon
completion
ofthe
current
panel.
Ifyou
select
Interactiv
emode,
you'llbe
prompted
tocreate
theboxby
indicating
thelower
leftcorner
andthen
dragging
the
"rubber"
band
rectangle
tothe
upperright
corner.
Ifyou
selectCo
ordinate
mode,
enterthe
minimum
and
maximum
co
ordinates
forthebox.
Bysection
To
restrictthe
blockstoa
defined
section
plane.You
canthen
enterits
associated
thickness.
Thesection
planecan
beselected
byline,
points,
gridco
ordinates
or3points
(thepanel
forthis
informatio
nis
displayed
assoonas
thecurrent
panelhas
been
accepted).
By
condition
Tousea
field
constraint,
for
example,
Fe gt
10.0
(ironvalue
greater
than10.0).
Alistof
available
operators/f
unctionsis
providedin
theOnline
Help(in
Appendix
47
Dofthe
Core
Appendices
.
By
bounding
surfaces
Torestrict
theblocks
bya
bounding
surface.A
panelin
whichto
specifythe
topand
bottom
surface
triangulati
onsis
displayed
oncethis
panelis
completed.
Reverse
matching
To
reversethe
block
selection,
thatis,to
selectthe
blocksthat
werenot
selectedby
theother
selection
criteria.
Cellscan
be
evaluated
using
eitherfull
or
proportion
alcells.
Usefull
cell
evaluation
(thatis
selectthe
UseBlock
Centres
option)to
select
thosecells
wherethe
centroid
fallswithin
theregion.
Use
proportion
alcell
evaluation
(thatis
leavethe
UseBlock
Centres
option
unticked)
toselect
theexact
proportion
ofablock
orsub
blockthat
is
intersected
bythe
region.
Hints:
The
proport
ional
cell
evaluati
on
method
applies
only
when
restricti
ng
blocks
usinga
boundi
ngbox,
closed
triangu
lation
or
boundi
ng
surface
s.
Makea
copyof
the
block
model
and
usethe
copyfor
deletion
ifyou
don't
want
the
original
tobe
affected
!
4.10
Extracting
Blocks to a
new Block
Model
The
Extract
celloption
allowsyou
toextract
specified
blocks
froma
block
modeland
savethem
toanother
block
modelfile.
48
Figure4
20Block
Extraction
Panel
Enterthe
block
model
identifierof
theblock
modelinto
whichthe
extracted
blockswill
besavedin
the
Destinatio
nmodel
field.
Hint:
Usean
alphab
etic
charact
eras
the
first
charact
erof
the
block
file
identifi
er.
Selectthe
Record
blockIDs
in
destinatio
nmodel
optionto
extractthe
block
identificati
on
numbers
aswell.
TheBlock
IDs
variable
optionis
only
applicable
ifyouare
extracting
block
identificati
on
numbers.
Itallows
youto
storethe
block
identificati
on
numbers
intoa
nominated
(existing)
variable.
On
completion
ofthis
panel,the
Block
Selection
panelis
displayed,
sothatany
extraction
canbe
restricted
toblocks
matchinga
particular
condition.
For
example,
wherethe
geology
matchesa
certain
valueor
thegrade
withina
particular
range.
Referto
4.9
Deleting
Blocks
froma
Block
Modelfor
informatio
nonthis
panel.
Upon
completion
ofthe
Block
Selection
panel,the
blocksare
extracted
andsaved
intothe
nominated
block
modelfile
(.bmf).
Hints:
Ifyou
are
selectin
g
blocks
by
section,
the
Plane
definiti
on
panel
willbe
display
ed
before
any
blocks
are
extract
edand
saved.
49
Chapter 5: Grade Estimation
Chapter 5 - Inverse
Distance Grade
Estimation
Grade Estimation in
VULCAN
TheGradeEstimation
submenuallowsyouto:
Usemultipleestimation
techniques.
Runsingleormultiple
estimationpasses.
Matchellipsoidorientation
toknownstructures.
Displaytheellipsoid
onscreen.
What is Grade Estimation?
GradeEstimationisthe
processofinterpolating
valuesfromadatabaseor
fileintotheblocksofa
blockmodel.
Thetechniquecoveredin
thiscourseistheinverse
distancemethod.This
techniqueassignsweights
tothesamplesthatare
inverselyproportionalto
theirdistancesfromthe
pointsbeingestimated.
Why use Grade Estimation?
Theaimofblockmodelling
istomodelthedepositas
accuratelyaspossible.
Thisnotonlyappliestoits
structuralcharacteristics,
butalsotoitsgrade
distribution.
Gradeestimation
techniquesprovideabetter
solutionthanclassicalore
reservemethodsasthey
attempttoaccountforthe
spatialrelationships
betweenthesamples.
How do we use Grade
Estimation in VULCAN?
GradeEstimationinVULCAN
isaccomplishedbyentering
theparametersthatcontrol
theestimationpassintoan
estimationparameterfile
(.bef).Thisfilecontains
informationsuchas:
Thetypeofestimation
method.
Theestimationvariable.
Variables,whichcontain
statisticalinformation,to
aidinanalysis.
Thesearchellipsoid
orientationandsize.
Typeofsampleweightings.
Thesampledatabaseor
fileforuse.
Samplemanipulation
specifications.
Blockselectioncriteria.
50
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Chapter 6 Block Reserves
Therearefourdifferentreservingoptions;threeoftheoptionsare
groupedundertheReservessubmenuandthefourthunderthe
AdvancedReservessubmenu.
Overview Reserves submenu
Figure61:Reservessubmenu
6.1 Simple Reserves
6.1.1 General
TheGeneraloptionallowsyou
tocalculatequickandsimple
reservesontheopenblock
model,usingmultipleblock
selectioncriteria,gradecut
offsandreportbreakdownby
azonevariable.
Althoughupto6grade
variablesmaybespecified,
51
Thissection
allowsfor
titledreserve
reports.
UsetheSetup
optionto
definereport
titles,geologic
breakdowns
Thissection
containsoptions
forgenerating
quickand
unsophisticated
reports.
Select
triangulationsor
polygonsthat
definethe
regionsfrom
whichthe
reserveswillbe
Matchreport
titlestodata.
Calculate
reserves.
Usethissection
toreportthe
reservebetween
cutoffs,above
cutoffsorin
spreadsheet
GeneralReservesisreally
onlyusefulforreporting
tonnesandthegradeofa
singlegradevariable.You
havelittlecontroloverthe
formatofthereservesreport.
Figure62:Reserves
CalculationPanel
Upto6gradevariablesmay
beusedinthecalculation.
SelecttheUsezone
breakdownoptiontousea
zonevariable,e.g.thegeology
variableinthereserves
calculation.
Thedensitycaneitherbea
variablewithinadensityfield
intheblockmodelora
constant(value).
SelecttheSavereporttofile
optiontosavethecalculated
reserves.Specifyafilename.
Themaximumsizeis20
alphanumericcharacters.The
filewillbeplacedinyour
workingdirectory.Thefile
extension.brf(blockmodel
reportfile)isautomatically
added.
TheSpawnreserves
calculationsinwindow
optionisonlyapplicableifthe
Savereporttofileoptionwas
selected.Itallowsyoutorun
thereservescalculationsin
anotherwindowthusfreeing
thecurrentwindowforfurther
Envisagework.
Figure63:ReservesCut
offspanel
52
SelecttheUsecutoffgrades
optiontousecutoffgrades.
Enterthenumberofcutsand
thecutoffvalues(upto13).
Thereservesreportwillonly
includethosecutoffsfor
whichvalueshavebeen
supplied,e.g.ifyouspecified
13cuts,butsuppliedonly
valuesforthefirst5,onlythe
first5cutswillbereported.
Figure64:BlockSelection
Panel
Eitherallblocksorspecific
blockscanbeselected.Ifyou
selectspecificblocks,youcan
specifyoneormoreofthe
followingselectioncriteria:
ByvariableTorestrict
blocksbyavariable,specify
thevariableandaparticular
value.Forexample,allblocks
wheretheMaterialvariable
equalsOre.
Byboundingtriangulation
Toevaluatereserveswithina
particularsolidtriangulation,
e.g.astope.Ifthereismore
thanonetriangulationloaded,
you'llbepromptedtoselect
therequiredone.
ByboundingboxTorestrict
theselectedblockstothose
containedwithinacube.The
cubeisdefinedinInteractive
orCoordinatemode.The
requiredmodeisselectedfrom
thepanelthatisdisplayed
uponcompletionofthe
currentpanel.
Ifyouselecttouse
Interactivemode,you'llbe
promptedtocreatetheboxby
indicatingthelowerleftcorner
andthendraggingthe
"rubber"bandrectangletothe
upperrightcorner.
IfyouselecttouseCo
ordinatemode,youenterthe
minimumandmaximumco
ordinatesforthebox.
BysectionTorestrictthe
blockstoadefinedsection
plane.Youcanthenenterits
associatedthickness.The
sectionplanecanbeselected
byline,points,gridco
ordinatesor3points(the
panelforthisinformationis
displayedassoonasthe
currentpanelhasbeen
accepted).
ByconditionTouseafield
constraint,forexample,
53
Fe gt 10.0
(ironvaluegreaterthan10.0).
Alistofavailable
operators/functionsis
providedintheOnlineHelp(in
AppendixDoftheCore
Appendixes.
ByboundingsurfacesTo
restricttheblocksbya
boundingsurface.Apanelin
whichyouspecifythetopand
bottomsurfacetriangulations
isdisplayedoncethispanelis
completed.
ReversematchingTo
reversetheblockselection,
thatis,toselecttheblocks
thatarenotselectedbythe
otherselectioncriteria.
Cellscanbeevaluatedusing
eitherfullorproportional
cells.
Usefullcellevaluation(that
isselecttheUseBlock
Centresoption)ifyouwant
theaveragegradeofthose
cellswherethecentroidfalls
withintheregion.
Useproportionalcell
evaluation(thatisleavethe
UseBlockCentresoption
unticked)ifyouwanttouse
theexactproportionofablock
orsubblockthatis
intersectedbytheregion.This
calculatestheweighted
averageofthoseportionsand
isthemostprecisemethod.
Hints:
Theproportionalcell
onlywhenrestricting
orboundingsurfaces.
Thereservesarethen
calculatedanddisplayed.If
theZoneBreakdownoption
hasbeenselected,thenboth
gradesandzonesareincluded
inthereport.
Figure66:ReservesReport
Note:
Thetotalgradeisa
cumulativesumofthe
valuesinthegrade
variable.
6.1.2 Calculate Reserves based
on POLYGONS
ThePolygonoptionallowsyou
tocalculatereservesina
similarmannertotheGeneral
option,butbasedona
polygon.
54
Thisoptionisdesignedtotake
apolygon,whichrepresentsa
sectionofaminingblockor
bench,anddefinethebench
byspecifyingtheheight,
bearing,anddipadjustment
andpositionofthepolygon.
Figure67:PolygonReserve
Panel
Enterthethicknessofthe
benchorblockintheHeight
field.
TheStringPositiondefines
thepositionofthestring
(polygon)withinthebenchor
miningblock.Thepositioncan
betop,middleorbase.
SelecttheUsebearingand
dipadjustmentoptiontoset
theorientationofthebench
strings(polygons)withinthe
bench.Enterthebearingand
thedip.
SelecttheProjectontoplane
optiontoprojectthebench
stringontoaplane.Oncethis
paneliscompleted,youwillbe
promptedtoselectthebench
string,andtheSectionPlane
panelisdisplayed.Seethe
Generaloptionforan
explanationofthefieldson
thispanel.
Selectabenchstringoncethe
PolygonReservespanelis
accepted.Atemporarysolid
triangulation,definedbythe
polygon,andaConfirmbox
(refertoFigure68)are
displayed.
Figure68:Confirmbox
SelectIncorrectsolidtoexit
theoption.
SelectCorrectsolid,ifyou
aresatisfiedwiththe
triangulation.TheReserve
Calculationpanelisdisplayed.
SeetheGeneraloptionforan
explanationofthefieldson
thispanel.
55
OncetheReserveCalculation
panelhasbeencompleted,the
ReserveCutoffpanelis
displayed.Thispanelisalso
describedintheGeneral
option.
Uponcompletionofthe
ReserveCutoffpanel,the
reservesarecalculatedand
displayed.Anexampleisgiven
attheendoftheGeneral
option'sdescription.
6.2 Block Reserves
TheBlockReservesoptions
(BlockReservesSetup,Save
ParametersandLoad
Parameters)provideyouwith
greaterflexibilitytocontrol
theformattingofthereserve
reportthantheGeneralor
Polygonoptions.
TheBlockReservesoptions
allowyoutogeneratereserves
forupto5differentblock
models.
6.2.1 Setup the specification
TheBlockReservesSetup
optionallowsyoutocreatea
specificationfiletostoreall
therequiredparametersfor
theblockreservesreport.
Thereportparametersconsist
ofthetitlestoappearinthe
reportpluscutoffvalues.The
titlesareforthedatasources,
gradesandbreakdowns.
Oncethereportparameters
havebeensetup,usethe
Regions(TriangleorPolygon)
andtheAssignDataoptions
tospecifytheregionsinwhich
tocalculatethereservereport
andtheblockmodelsand
variablestobeusedinthe
reservescalculation.
Thetitlesforthereportare
enteredintheDatasources
panel.
Figure69:DataSources
Forexample,ifyouwantto
reportonmorethanone
modelentertheirnamesin
title#1andtitle#2.A
maximumof5datasource
titlesmaybeentered.This
meansyoucancalculate
reservesforupto5block
modelssimultaneously.
TheGradetitles,e.g.copper,
goldetc,areenteredinthe
GradeNamespanel.A
maximumof10gradetitles
maybeentered.
56
Figure610:GradeNames
Panel
Thebreakdowntitlesare
enteredintheBreakdown
Namespanel.Breakdownsare
usedtocalculatereserves
withineachbreakdownvalue.
Forexample,youmaywantto
breakthereportdownbythe
"geology".
Figure611:Breakdown
NamesPanel
Thegradecutofftitlesare
enteredintheGradeCutoffs
panel.Forexample;0,0.5,1.0
....10.0
Figure612:GradeCutoffs
Panel
Amaximumof9numeric
gradecutoffvaluesmaybe
specified.Thevaluesareused
bytheAboveCutoffoption.
Note:
Onlythefirstgrade
variableisusedforthe
cutoffs.Allothersare
calculatedwithinthecut
offgraderangeforthefirst
gradevariable.
Thenextstepistoselectthe
regionsinwhichtocalculate
thereserve.
6.2.2 Select the data regions
TheTriangleRegionsoption
allowsyoutoselectthesolid
triangulationstouseforthe
reservecalculation.
Alternativelyyoumayuse
polygons(andthePolygon
57
Regionsoption)todefinethe
regionforthereserve
calculation.Theregionswill
havethesamenameasthe
triangulationsfromwhich
theywerederived.
Figure613:SolidModelList
Panel
SelecttheAddbuttontoselect
triangulation(s).Thecommon
opendialogisdisplayed.The
usualWindowsselection
methodsapplytothispanel,
i.e.use[Ctrl]andtheleft
mousebuttontoselect
multiplenonadjacentfiles
and[Shift]andtheleftmouse
buttontoselectadjacentfiles.
Oncethetriangulationsare
highlightedusethe
buttontomovethefilestothe
selectionareaofthepaneland
thenselectOpen.The
triangulationswillbeaddedto
theSolidModelListpanel(see
Figure614).
Figure614:SolidModelList
panelwithtriangulations
Selectedtriangulationsare
displayedinthelistwitha
greentick,deselectedwitha
redcross(thedeselected
triangulationswillberemoved
fromthelistoncetheOK
buttonisselected.Double
clickonatriangulationto
toggleitsselectionstate.
6.2.3 Define the data source
TheAssignDataoptionallows
youtomatchthedatasource
titlestotheblockmodel(s)and
blockmodelvariablesthatare
tobeusedinthereserve
calculation.
Figure615:PickData
SourcePanel
58
ThePickDatasourcepanel
willcontainallofthedata
sourcesthatyouspecifiedin
theBlockReservesSetup
option.
Selectthedatasourceyou
wanttoassigntoablock
model.
Note:
Alldatasourceslisted
mustbeassignedablock
model(thismaybethe
sameone).
Panel
Enterthenameoftheblock
modelintheBlockmodel
namefield.
TheDensitycanbeasingle
value(Usesupplieddensity
option)oravariable(Use
storeddensityoption).
eitherfullorproportional
cells.
Usefullcellevaluationto
reservethoseblockswherethe
centroidfallswithinthe
region.
Useproportionalcell
evaluationtousereserve
exactproportionofablockor
subblockthatisintersected
bytheregion.
Note:
Theproportionalcell
onlywhenrestricting
orboundingsurfaces.
TheBlockModel
gradevariables
panelisdisplayed.
Allgradevariable
titlesthatwere
specifiedinthe
BlockReserves
Setupoptionare
listedonthispanel.
GradeVariablesPanel
Foreachgradevariabletitle,
specifyagradevariable.All
59
variabletitleslistedmustbe
assignedagradevariable.
IfBreakdownvariableswere
specifiedintheBlock
ReservesSetupoption,the
Breakdownvariablespanelis
displayed.
Figure618:Blockmodel
breakdownvariablesPanel
Foreachbreakdownvariable
title,specifyabreakdown
variable.Allvariabletitles
listedmustbeassigneda
breakdownvariable.
ThePickDataSourcepanelis
thenredisplayedifyouhave
anyunassigneddatasource
titles.
Oncealldatasourceshave
beenassignedtoablock
modelandallothertitlesto
blockmodelvariables,the
parameterscanbesaved.
6.2.4 Save the reserve
specification
SelecttheSaveParameters
optiontostorethereserve
parametersinaspecification
file.Thefilewillautomatically
begiventhefileextensionof
.bpf.
Note:
Astheregionsarenot
savedinthespecfile,each
timeyouwanttogenerate
anewreserveusingthe
specfile,youmustdefine
theregion(s)ofinterest.
Figure619:SaveReport
FormatPanel
6.2.5 Calculate the reserves
SelecttheCalculateoptionto
generatethereport.The
calculationsarecarriedout
usingthespecifications
detailedinthecurrently
loadedreservesparameterfile
<projectcode><specfile
name>.bpf.
6.2.6 Display the report
SelecttheCompleteoptionto
displaythereport.Thereport
isdisplayedshowingthe
tons/gradesbetweencutoffs.
60
Figure620:Complete
ReportPanel
SelecttheIgnorezero
tonnagesoptiontoexclude
zerotonnages.
SelecttheSavereporttofile
optiontosavethereporttoa
file.Themaximumsizeofthe
reportnameis20
alphanumericcharacters.No
fileextensionisadded.
Figure621:ReserveListingShowingaCompleteReport
SelecttheAbovecutoffoptiontodisplaythereportbycutoffgrade.
YouwillbepromptedwithapanelsimilartotheCompleteReport
Panel(seeFigure617).Selecttheoptionsrequiredandareportwill
bedisplayed.
61
Figure622:ReserveListingShowinganAboveCutoffReport
TheUnitscolumninthereportistheproductoftheTonnagecolumn
withtheAverageGradecolumn,thatis,reportsthemassofmetal
containedforeachbreakdownfield.If,forexample,Tonnagewas
expressedinTonnes,andGradewasexpressedingramsperTonne,
theunitsinthiscasewouldbegrams.
SelecttheDumpoptiontodisplaythereportwithouttitles.This
outputissuitableforimportingintoaspreadsheetpackage.
Figure623:UnformattedDumpPanel
SelecttheSavereporttofileoptiontosavethereporttoafile.The
maximumsizeofthereportnameis20alphanumericcharacters.
62
Figure624:ReserveListingShowingaDumpReport
63
6.3. Advanced Reserves
TheAdvancedReservessubmenuprovidesyouwithtotalflexibility
informattingthetitlesandcontentofablockmodelreservesreport.
Youcanreportonarangeofbreakdownfields,includingbeingable
togenerateproductcodesbynominatingspecificconditions.
64
1.UseOpen
Parametersto
createthe
reserves
parameterfile.
2.UseVariablesto
specifytheblock
variables,cutoffs,
density,product
codesand
partiallymined
3.UsePolygonsor
Trianglestodefine
theregionsforthe
reserve.
4.UseBlock
Selectionto
applythe
selection
criteriatothe
blockmodel.
5.Use
Calculateto
generatethe
reservesdump
file.
6.3.1 Open the specification file
Advancedblockreservesare
calculatedaccordingtothe
parameterssetupinareserves
calculationspecificationfile
(.res).Aspecificationfilemustbe
opened(OpenParameters
option)beforetheparameters
canbespecified.
Figure625:OpenReserves
SpecificationFilePanel
SpecifythenameoftheReserves
specificationfile.Themaximum
sizefornewfilenamesis80
alphanumericcharacters(the
sizeincludesthe.resfile
extension,whichis
automaticallyaddedtothefile
name).
6.3.2 Specify the Variables (from the
block model on which to report)
TheVariablesoptionallowsyou
tospecifythevariablestobe
usedwhencalculatingthe
reserves.Eachvariablewillbe
savedtothereservesdumpfile
(.dmp)asacolumn.
Note:
ABlockmodelmustbeopen
beforeyoucanspecifythe
variables.Ifnoblockmodel
isopen,you'llbepromptedto
openonebeforethepanels
associatedwiththevariable
specificationaredisplayed.
Similarly,youwillbe
promptedforacalculation
reservesfileifthereisnone
open.
Figure626:BreakdownFields
Panel
TheClassificationfieldsallow
thespecificationofabreakdown
variable.Inthiswaythereserves
canbebrokendownaccordingto
fields,suchasGEOLOGYor
ORE_TYPE.Forexample,
GEOLOGYcouldbeafieldinthe
blockmodelwiththevalues:
TQ1,TQ2,TQ3.Eachofthese
differentcodescouldformthe
basisforabreakdownofthe
reserves,withgradesreported
foreachofthethreegeological
types.
Abreakdownvariablemaybeof
datatypeName,Byte,Shortor
Integer,butnotoftypeFloator
Double(seetheOnlineHelp
Envisage>Block>Transfer>
Editforanexplanationondata
types).Ifthebreakdownvariable
isofdatatypeNameitwillbe
leftjustifiedinthedumpfile,
otherwiseitisrightjustified.
Someblockmodelshavea
numberofvariables,which
definethefractionofeach
materialtype.Forexample,two
variablesFOREandFWSTmight
containthefraction(0.0to1.0)
ofOREandWASTEineach
blockrespectively.Thereserves
formaterialOREarecalculated
basedonthefractionofthe
volume(foreachblock)specified
intheFOREfield,andthe
reservesformaterialWASTE
wouldbecalculatedusingthe
fractionofthevolume(foreach
block)specifiedintheFWST
field.TheMaterialtypeby
fractionsfieldscanthereforebe
usedtoclassifyreserves
accordingtomaterialtype.
Classifyingreservesaccordingto
materialtypewillalsobeaffected
bytheuseoftheminedout
field.Ifablockhasbeenmined
out,thenthevolumeisadjusted
correspondinglybeforethe
fractionfieldvalueisappliedto
thevolume(seealsothe
descriptionoftheMinedOut
Field).Blockswithunknown
(missing)valuesforthefraction
field,willcontain"unknown
material"inthematerialcolumn
ofthedumpfile.
Theremainingoptionsonthis
panelapplytofieldsintheblock
modelthatcontainpercentages
orfractionsrelatedtothevolume
ofeachblock.
Theoptionsaretypicallyusedto
processtheresultsoftheMine
option(Manipulationsubmenu)
ortheExecuteoption(Transfer
submenu).
IntheMinedout(orfillpc)field
enterthenameofthefieldinthe
blockmodelthatcontainsthe
minedoutorfillpcvalue.
Youcaneitherselectthe
percentageforeachblock
(volume)availableforminingor
thefractionofeachblock
(volume)thathasalreadybeen
mined.
Forexample,iftheminedout
fieldforablockhasavalueof
70%,70%oftheblock'svolume
isusedindeterminingreserves.
Iftheminedoutfieldforablock
hasafractionvalueof0.7,0.3of
theblock'svolumeisusedin
determiningreserves.
Whenablockisevaluated
againstaregion(triangulation)
theproportionoftheblock
insidetheregionisdetermined.
Iftheblockhasbeenpartially
mined,asindicatedbyamined
fractionoravailablepercentage
field,thetreatmentofthemined
parthastwocases:
Case1IncrementalPits
Ifapreviouspithasbeenusedto
setaminedfield,thenthemined
partofablockcanreasonablybe
assumedtolieinsidethenew
pit.HenceselecttheMined
portionsassumedinside
regionsoption.Inthiscasethe
proportioninsideregionvolume
isdeterminedandthenthe
minedoutvolumeoftheblock
subtracted.Thismethodcanbe
usedtoobtainaccurate
incrementalpitvolumeswithout
theneedtoreblockthemodel.
SeeFigure627foranexample.
Figure627:ABlockinsidea
reserveregionthathasbeen
0.3mined(70%available).
2 . 0

V
0.3) (V - 0.5) (V
VM - VR RV
where,
RV=reservevolume
VR=volumeinregion
VM=volumemined
V=Totalvolume
Case2UndergroundStope
withDevelopment
Triangulationsofdevelopment
maybeusedtosetaminedfield
inablockmodel.Inthiscase
whenevaluatingastoperegion
theminedpartofablockpartly
insidetheregionneedstobe
assumedequallydistributed.
HenceDonotselectMined
portionsassumedinside
regionsoption.Inthiscasethe
reservevolumeistheproductof
theproportioninregionvolume
andthepercentagenotmined.
SeeFigure628foranexample.
Figure628:Ablock50%
insideareserveregionthat
hasbeen0.3mined(70%
available)
0.35 V
0.3) - (1 0.5) V
F * VR RV

(
where,
RV=reservevolume
VR=volumeinregion
F=fractionnotmined
V=Totalvolume
Figure629:Second
Breakdownfieldspanel
SelecttheGenerateproduct
codesoptiontouseproduct
codesandapplyconditions.If
unselected,noproductcodes
canbespecified.
Eachblockinthemodelcanbe
classifiedaccordingtoproduct,
basedonwhetheritsatisfiesthe
conditionforthatproduct.Each
productmusthavean
associatedconditionandthe
firstconditionsatisfiedwill
determinetheproductforeach
block.Blocksthatdon'tmeetthe
conditionsforanyofthe
productsspecifiedwillcontain
"unknownproduct"inthe
productcolumnofthedumpfile.
Forexample;
Product
Code
Condition
Lg cult0.5andault
1.0
mg cuge0.5andcult
2.0andauge1.0
andault3.5
hg cuge2.0andauge
3.5
Thenextpanel(GradeVariables)
allowsyoutoenteradensityand
upto15gradevariablesforthe
reservecalculation.
Figure630:GradeVariables
panel
Thedensityvariableallowsthe
masstobecalculatedfromthe
volumevalues.Thedefault
densityisusedinthetonnage
calculationforthoseblocks
wherethedensityfieldvalueis0
(zero)ornegative.
Upto15gradevariablescanbe
specifiedforthecalculationof
reserves.Eachvariablecanbe
specifiedaswtbymass,wtby
volorsum.
SumSumisusedforvariables
containingunits(e.g.gramsof
gold)thatshouldbecumulated
ratherthanaveraged.
WtbyVolWeightbyvolumeis
usedforgradevariables
containingvaluesbasedon
volumeweightedaverages(e.g.
gramsofgoldpercubicmetre).
WtbyMassWeightbymassis
usedforgradevariablesthat
shouldbetreatedasaweighted
averagebasedonmass(e.g.
gramspertonneofgold).
Gradevaluesaresenttothe
dumpfileaccordingtotypeand
appropriateentriesareplacedin
theVARIABLE_TOTALSblock.
SelecttheUseAverageboxto
usetheaveragegradevalueof
theselectedblocksinthereserve
calculation.
Warning!Donottickthisboxif
anyoftheblocksdonothavea
specificgradeassignedtothem
(i.e.theyhaveadefaultgrade
instead)astheresultingreserves
willbeincorrect.
SupplyaDefaultforMissing
valuetoreplacethedefault
creationvalueoftheselected
blocksduringthereserve
calculation.
Ifnodefaultisspecifiedandthe
UseAverageboxisunselected,
thetotalvolumeandtonnage
valuesforthatgradevariable
maybedifferenttothevaluesfor
thebreakdown.Inthatcasethe
totaltonnageandtotalvolume
forthegradevariablearealso
reportedandthegradevalueis
basedonlyontheblockswith
knownvalues.
Specifythenumberofdecimal
placestobeincludedinthe
report.
ThefinalpanelintheVariables
seriesistheGradeCutoffs
panel.
Figure631:GradeCutoffs
Panel
Gradecutoffvaluesmaybe
specifiedby:
Rangeandincrement.
Specificvalues.
SelecttheUsegradecutoffs
optiontouseagradecutoff
variabletobreakdownthe
reserves.Specifythecutoff
variable.Newbreakdownsare
definedbasedonthespecified
gradecutoffvalues(seebelow).
TheBelowcutoffvalueisused
inthe"belowcutoffs"columnin
thedumpfileifthevalueofthe
gradecutoffvariableisless
thanthefirst(lowest)cutoff
value.
TheUnknowncutoffvalueis
usedinthedumpfileformissing
valuesinthegradecutoff
variableifnodefaultgradevalue
hasbeenspecified.However,if
theaveragegradeistobe
appliedforthegradecutoff
variable,thentheaveragegrade
iscalculatedbasedonthe
matchingbreakdowns(i.e.
acrossthecutoffvalues)and
thevaluesareincorporatedinto
thebreakdownwiththe
appropriatecutoffvalue.
Gradecutoffvaluesmaybe
specifiedasarange(firstand
lastvalues),incrementor
explicitlybyvalue.
6.3.3 Define Regions
6.3.3.1 Select Polygons as Regions
ThePolygonsoptionallowsyou
tospecifypolygons,whichare
convertedtotriangulations,tobe
usedinthereservecalculation.
Specifytheheightofthebench
andthelocationofthepolygon
withinthebench(i.e.top,middle
orbottom)andtheorientationof
thepolygonwithinthebench,or
projectthepolygon(forwards
and/orbackwards)tocreatethe
triangulation.
Note:
Thepolygonmustbe
displayedonthescreen.
Figure632:DefineRegionsby
PolygonPanel
SelecttheBenchheightoption
toconvertthepolygontoa
triangulationusingbench
height.Specifytheheightofthe
benchandthelocationofthe
polygonrelativetothebench
(top,middleorbase).TheUse
directionaladjustmenton
sidesoptionisonlyapplicableto
thebenchheightconversion
method.Itallowsyoutoapplya
directionaladjustment,inthe
formofabearingandgradient,
tothesidesofthebench(used
forbencheswithnonvertical
sides).TheProjectpolygons
ontoplaneoptionisalsoonly
applicabletothebenchheight
conversionmethod.Thisoption
allowsyoutoprojectthe
polygonsontoaplane,whichis
definedafterthispanelis
completed.
SelecttheByprojectionoption
toconvertthepolygontoa
triangulationusingprojection.
Specifyabackandforward
projectiondistance.
SelecttheConfirmeach
polygonoptiontovieweach
triangulationbeforeitissaved
andaddedtotheregionslist.
Thisisparticularlyusefulwhen
multiplepolygonsarebeing
convertedintotriangulations.
Regiontriangulationfilesare
namedaccordingtothepolygon
objectnameandthenumberof
regionsthathavebeenselected
fordeterminingreserves.Select
theAllowduplicateobject
namesoptionifyoudon'twant
duplicateobjectnamestobe
detected.Ifunselected,you'llbe
promptedtorenameanyregion
foundtohavethesamepolygon
objectnameasanotherregion.
Regiontriangulationscreated
usingthisoptionare
automaticallyincludedinthelist
ofselectedregionsinthe
Trianglesoption.
Note:
Ifyouareconvertingby
benchheightandprojecting
thepolygonsontoaplane,
theSectionPlanepanelwill
bedisplayedbeforethe
MultipleSelectionbox(which
isusedtoselectthemethod
ofselectingthepolygons).
RefertoReserves>General
forinformationonthispanel.
Figure633:MultipleSelection
Box
Selectthemethodforselecting
thepolygonsandselectthe
polygons.Ifselectingbygroup,
featureorlayer,you'llbe
promptedtoconfirmthatthe
correctobjectshavebeen
selected.Nopromptappearsif
selectingbyobject.
Thepolygonisthenconvertedto
atriangulatedregion.Youwillbe
askediftheconversioncreated
thecorrectregion.
Figure634:Confirmbox
SelectCorrectregiontoaccept
thetriangulation.Ifyouwere
selectingbyobject,youwillbe
promptedtoselectanother
object.Rightclicktoreturnto
theMultipleSelectionbox.Ifyou
wereselectingbygroup,feature
orlayer,thenyouarereturnedto
theMultipleSelectionboxwhen
youaccepttheregion.Rightclick
tocancelwhenyouhavefinished
creatingregions.Incorrect
regionreturnsyoutotheSelect
objectprompt.Thatis,youve
selectedyourmethodofselecting
thestringsandnowyouneedto
selectthestrings.
UsetheSaveParametersoption
tosavetheregions.
Note:
Ifyouselectednottohave
duplicatenames(seeAllow
duplicateobjectnames
option),you'llbepromptedto
renameanyduplicatesfound.
Figure635:RenameRegion
Panel
Enterthenameoftheregion.
Themaximumsizeis10
alphanumericcharacters
6.3.3.2 Select triangulations as
regions
TheTrianglesoptionallowsyou
toselectthetriangulations
(solids)touseasregionsinthe
reservecalculation.
Figure636:Select
TriangulationsPanel
SelecttheSelecttriangulations
bypickingoffscreenoptionto
pickthetriangulationsoffthe
screen.Triangulationsthatare
alreadyregionsareautomatically
selected.Toremovethese
regions,simplyleftclickonthe
triangulation.Toselecta
triangulation,leftclickonthe
triangulation(youwillneedto
confirmtheselection).Toassign
oralterthegroupcode,leftclick
againontheselected
triangulation.TheSetGroup
Namepanelisthendisplayed.
Figure637:SetGroupName
Panel
Enterthegroupcodeforthe
selectedtriangulation.
Note:
Toeditthegroupcodeof
existingregions,youwill
needtodeselectthemfirst
andthenreselectthem.
SelecttheSelecttriangulation
bynameoptiontoaccessthe
standardopendialog.Fromthis
dialog,highlightthe
triangulationsthestandard
windowsselectionmethodsapply
(i.e.[Ctrl]+Leftmousebuttonto
selectnonadjacentfilesand
[Shift]+Rightmousebuttonto
selectadjacentfiles.)Once
highlighted,usethe
buttontomovethefilesintothe
selectionsectionofthepanel.
SelectOpen.
TheReserveRegionReportpanel
isdisplayed.
Figure638:ReserveRegion
ReportPanel
Thispanelliststhenamesofthe
selectedtriangulations.To
specifythegroup,highlightthe
name(s)inthelist,enterthe
groupnameintheEditGroup
fieldandselectSetGroup.
SelecttheDeselectall
triangulationsoptiontoremove
alltriangulationregionsfromthe
parameters.
UsetheSaveParametersoption
tosavethetriangulations.
6.3.4 Specify Block Selection
Conditions
TheBlockSelectionoption
allowsyoutospecifyblock
selectioncriteriaforthereserve
calculation.
Figure639:BlockSelection
Panel
Eitherallblocksorspecific
blockscanbeselected.Ifyou
selectspecificblocks,youcan
specifyoneormoreofthe
followingselectioncriteria:
ByvariableTorestrictblocks
byavariable,specifythe
variableandaparticularvalue.
Forexample,allblockswhere
theMaterialvariableequalsOre.
ByboundingtriangulationTo
evaluatereserveswithina
particularsolidtriangulation,
e.g.astope.Ifthereismorethan
onetriangulationloaded,you'll
bepromptedtoselectthe
requiredone.
Note:
Ifregionsarebeingused,the
blockselectiontriangulation
willbeignored.Thereforewe
recommendthata
triangulationonlybeusedin
blockselectionwhennot
includingregions.
ByboundingboxTorestrict
theselectedblockstothose
containedwithinacube.The
cubeisdefinedinInteractiveor
Coordinatemode.Therequired
modeisselectedfromthepanel
displayeduponcompletionofthe
currentpanel.
IfyouselecttouseInteractive
mode,you'llbepromptedto
createtheboxbyindicatingthe
lowerleftcornerandthen
draggingthe"rubber"band
rectangletotheupperright
corner.
IfyouselecttouseCoordinate
mode,entertheminimumand
maximumcoordinatesforthe
box.
BysectionTorestrictthe
blockstoadefinedsectionplane.
Youcanthenenteritsassociated
thickness.Thesectionplanecan
beselectedbyline,points,grid
coordinatesor3points(the
panelforthisinformationis
displayedassoonasthecurrent
panelhasbeenaccepted).
ByconditionTouseafield
constraint,forexample,
Fe gt 10.0
(ironvaluegreaterthan10.0).A
listofavailableoperators/
functionsisprovidedinthe
OnlineHelp(inAppendixDof
theCoreAppendices).
ByboundingsurfacesTo
restricttheblocksbyabounding
surface.Apanelinwhichyou
specifythetopandbottom
surfacetriangulationsis
displayedoncethispanelis
completed.
ReversematchingToreverse
theblockselection,thatis,to
selecttheblocksthatarenot
selectedbytheotherselection
criteria.
eitherfullorproportionalcells.
Usefullcellevaluation(thatis
selecttheUseBlockCentres
option)ifyouwanttheaverage
gradeofthosecellswherethe
centroidfallswithintheregion.
Useproportionalcell
evaluation(thatisleavetheUse
BlockCentresoptionunticked)
ifyouwanttousetheexact
proportionofablockorsub
blockthatisintersectedbythe
region.Thiscalculatesthe
weightedaverageofthose
portionsandisthemostprecise
method.
Hints:
Theproportionalcell
onlywhenrestrictingblocks
usingaboundingbox,closed
triangulationorbounding
surfaces.
6.3.5 Save the Parameters
TheSaveParametersoption
allowsyoutosavetheopen
reservesspecificationfile.This
mustbedonebeforethe
Calculateoptionisusedasthe
reservescalculationsarebased
onthecontentsofthereserves
specificationfile.
Figure640:SaveReserves
Enterthenameofthe
specificationfile(theopen
specificationfilenameis
displayedasthedefault).The
maximumsizeis80
alphanumericcharacters
(includingthe.resextension).
6.3.6 Calculate the Reserves
TheCalculateoptionallowsyou
tocalculatetheblockreserves
fortheopenspecificationfile.
Theresultsarestoredinadump
file(.dmp).
Whencalculatingreserves,the
blockcreationdefaultvaluewill
beignoredwhencalculatingthe
gradevalue.Theestimation
defaultvalue,ifitisdifferent
fromtheblockcreationdefault
value,willbeincludedwhen
calculatingthegradevalue.All
blocksthatsatisfytheselection
criteriaareusedforthetonnage
calculationregardlessoftheir
defaultgradevalue.
Note:
Astheblockcreationdefault
valuesareignoredwhen
calculatingreservegrades,
blockswiththesevaluesare
effectivelytreatedasifthey
hadtheaveragegradeofthe
blocksselectedforthat
reservebreakdownzone.
Iftherearemanyregions
beingusedortheblock
modelislarge,thenthe
calculationmaytakeawhile.
Itisrecommendedthatyou
performthecalculationin
anotherwindowsothat
furtherworkinEnvisagecan
proceed.However,theblock
modelcannotbeaccessed
untilthereservescalculation
iscomplete.
Choosespawnreserves
calculationinwindowto
makethecalculationrunina
separatewindow.
Figure641:Calculate
ReservesPanel
Enterthenameofthedumpfile.
Thedefaultisthenameofthe
openparameterfile.The
maximumsizeis40alpha
numericcharacters(this
includesthe.dmpfileextension).
SelecttheSpawnreserves
calculationsinwindowoption
torunthecalculationprocessin
anotherwindow,thusfreeingthe
currentwindowforfurther
Envisagework.
6.3.7 Reporting the Reserves
UsetheOpenReportoption
tocreatethereservesreport
parameterfile.
UsetheGlobaloptionto
storeglobalsettings,suchas
reporttitlesandlayout.
UsetheColumnoptionto
setupcolumnformatsand
userdefinedvariables.
UsetheTablesoptiontoset
uptableformatsandchoose
whichcolumnstoreportin
thetable(s).
UsetheViewReportoption
toreportthereservesand
selectthetablestouse.
6.3.7.1 Open report specification file
TheOpenReportoptionallows
youtoopenareport
specificationfile(<name>.tab).
Note:
Theblockmodeldoesnot
needtobeopentoperform
anyreportsetupfunctions.
Figure642:OpenReport
Enterthenameofthe
specificationfile.Themaximum
sizeis80alphanumeric
characters.Thesizeincludesthe
.tabfileextension.
Hint:
Itishighlyrecommended
thatyouareconsistentwith
yourfilenames.Itisbestto
givethesameuniquename
toallfourfiles,thatis,the
.resfile,the.dmpfile,the
.tabfileandfinallythe.rep
fileareallgiventhesamefile
name.Youwillthenbeable
todistinguishbetweenthem
bytheirdifferentfile
extensions.
SelecttheReadcolumnsfrom
.dmpfileoptiontocreatethe
reportbasedonthecolumn
informationthatexistsinthe
headerofthedumpfile(.dmp).
Specifythenameofthedump
file.
Ifreadingcolumnsfromadump
file,thecolumnname,width,
typeandtotalscalculation
classificationforeachdumpfile
column/variablearereadin
fromthedumpfileheaderand
eachcolumnisaddedtotheend
ofthecolumnslist.Columns
presentinthecolumnslistwith
thesamenameasdumpfile
columnsarenotreplaced.
6.3.7.2 Define General Report
Details
TheGlobaloptionallowsyouto
setthegeneralparametersthat
applytoalltablesinareport.
Youmay:
Enterpagelength
Entermarginwidths
Enterpageheader
Enterpagefooter
Figure643:GlobalReport
ParametersPanel
Enterthemaximumnumberof
Linesperpage.Thedefaultis
60(standardforanA4portrait
page).Apagebreakis
automaticallyinsertedwhenthe
maximumisreached.
Enterthemargins.Theleft
marginisthenumberofspaces
beforethetextstarts(thedefault
is10).Thetopmarginisthe
numberoflinesbeforethetext
starts(thedefaultis4).This
numberisinadditiontothe
maximumnumberoflinesper
page.
TicktheUseboxtoseparate
rowsandoptionallycolumns.
Entertheseparatingcharacterin
theRowandColumnfields.
TicktheUseTabboxtousetabs
insteadofacharacterto
separatethecolumns.
Upto5linesofpageheader
informationcanbespecified.The
maximumsizeofeachlineis80
pageheaderappearsatthetop
ofeachpage.Theheaderlines
areincludedinthemaximum
numberofreportlinesspecified
earlier.
Note:
Thepageheadermayinclude
thevariables$page(current
pagenumber),$date(current
date),$time(currenttime)
and$blocksel(block
selectioninformationfrom
dumpfile).Thesevariables
aresubstitutedwhenthe
reportiscreated.The
variablesmaybeineither
upperorlowercase.
Upto15linesofpagefooter
informationcanbespecified.The
maximumsizeofeachlineis80
pagefooterappearsattheendof
thereport.Thefooterlinesare
includedinthemaximum
numberofreportlinesspecified
earlier.
Note:
Thesamevariablesas
mentionedabovemaybe
includedinthepagefooter.
6.3.7.3 Define Column specs.
TheColumnsoptionallowsyou
toadd,delete,oreditcolumnsin
thereportcolumnlist.Youmay
change:
Theheader
Width
Numberofdecimals
Class
Note:
Columnsmayalsobe
derived,i.e.calculated,from
valuesinothercolumns.
Figure644:ReportColumns
panel
Thecolumnnamemustbe
uniquewithinthelistof
columns.Themaximumsizeis
20alphanumericcharacters.
Spacesarenotallowed.The
maximumnumberofcolumns
perspecificationfileis50.
Theheadingappearsatthetop
ofthecolumn.Themaximum
sizeis20alphanumeric
characters.Spacesareallowed.
Theheadingwillbecentred
withinthewidthspecifiedbelow.
Itmustnotcontainmore
charactersthanthecolumn
width.
Thewidthdefinesthenumberof
charactersthatthecolumn
entrieswilltakeupineachrow.
Ifacharactercolumnvalue
exceedsthewidthofthecolumn,
itwillbetruncatedtofit.Ifa
numericcolumnvalueexceeds
thecolumnwidth,thecolumn
willbeexpandedforthatrowto
accommodatethevalue.Thisis
toavoidundefinednumeric
valuesinreports.Numeric
columnvaluesarerightjustified,
charactercolumnvaluesareleft
justified.
Thedecimalsvaluedetermines
hownumericcolumnsare
displayed.Ifthevalueis
negative,nodecimalplacesare
displayedandthecolumnvalues
arerounded.
Forexample,avalueof1
roundstothenearest10,2to
thenearest100etc.The
roundingofnumericcolumns
doesnotaffecttheoriginal
columnvaluesusedin
calculations;onlythedisplayed
valuesarerounded.
TicktheDerivedcolumn
checkboxtoderivethecolumn
fromothercolumns.If
unselected,thecolumnmustbe
fromthedumpfile.
TheCalculateonoutputoption
isonlyapplicableifyouhave
selectedtheDerivedcolumn
option.Itallowsyoutocalculate
thederivedcolumnonoutput.
Calculationsarebasedonthe
actualdumpfilecolumnvalues
foreachrow,exceptforcolumns
thataretobecalculatedon
output.Columnsthatare
calculatedonoutputusethe
columnvaluesdisplayedforthat
row.
Forexample,
Column1andColumn2have
thefollowinginputvalues:
Column1 Column2
Value1 10.0
Value1 20.0
Value3 30.0
Value4 40.0
Column3andColumn4are
bothderivedfromvaluesin
column2:
Column3
Derived Yes
Derivedon
output
No
Expression1 1.0/column2
condition1:
column2gt
0.0
Expression2 0.0
type sum
Column4
Derived Yes
Derivedon
output
Yes
Expression1 1.0/column2
condition1:
column2gt
0.0
Expression2 0.0
type sum
Andthetableisorderedand
reportedbycolumn1:
Table
Order_by Column1
Report_by Column1
Resultsinthefollowingbeing
reported:
Col1 Col2 Col3 Col4
Val1
30.0 0.15000 0.0333300
Val2
70.0 0.05833 0.0142857
100.00 0.20833 0.0476157
Note:
Thevaluesincolumn3are
differenttocolumn4because
column4hasbeenderived
fromthecolumn1output
valuesof30.0and70.0,
whereascolumn3was
derivedfromthevalues10.0,
20.0,30.0and40.0
05833 . 0
40
1
30
1
15 . 0
20
1
10
1
+
+
The
Expression/Conditio
noptionsareonly
applicableforderived
columns.An
expressionwillonlybe
used(inthe
calculationofthe
column)ifacondition
isassociatedwiththe
expressionandthat
conditionismet.The
firstconditiontobe
metdeterminesthe
expressiontouseand
anexpressionwithout
aconditionwillalways
evaluatetoTRUE.
Toavoidundefinedcolumn
values,itisveryimportantthat
thereisalwaysanexpression
thatcanbeused,especiallyin
thecasewhennoneofthe
conditionsaremet(seeexample
onthepreviouspage).Takecare
alsotoavoiddivisionbyzero,
numericunderflowandnumeric
overflowerrorsinexpressions.
Expressionsforderivedcolumns
mayinclude:
Arithmeticoperators
logicaloperators
stringoperators
numericfunctions
logicalfunctions
stringfunctions
columnnames*
columninternalfunction
names**
SeetheOnlineHelp,Envisage>
CoreAppendices>AppendixD
foradescriptionoftheavailable
operators/functions.
*Neveruseoperatorsincolumn
namesorgivecolumnsthesame
nameasanyofthefunctions.
**Threetypesofcolumninternal
functionsareavailableforusein
derivingcolumns.Thisisdone
byprefixingthenameofa
numericcolumnwithSum_,
Max_orMin_.Thesearethe
cumulativesum,maximumand
minimumcolumninternal
functionsrespectively.
Thefunctionscanbeusedto
derivecolumnvaluesinthe
samewayascolumnnames.
Specifytheclassfornumeric
columns.Theclassoptionsare:
Value,Average,Sum,Maximum,
Minimum,andWeightedaverage.
Theseoptionsdeterminehowthe
columnvaluesaretobe
calculatedanddisplayed.Each
variablecolumnisgenerally
treatedasasum,average,
maximum,minimumorweighted
averagebasedonanother
column'svalue(e.g.gradebased
ontonnage).Specifythatother
columnintheWeightBy
Columnfield.TheValueoptionis
usedforcolumnsthatarenotto
besubtotalled,butratherhave
theiractualvaluesreported.For
example,columnsusingthe
columninternalfunctions
CumulativeSum,Maximumand
Minimum.
TheDisplayfinaltotaloptionis
onlyapplicableiftheValue
optionwasselected.Itallowsyou
todisplaythefinaltotal.
6.3.7.4 Define Table Details.
TheTablesoptionallowsyouto
add,delete,andedittablesused
inthereport.Foreachtableyou
mayspecify:
Columnstobereported
Columnstoorderby
Columnstoreportby
Conditionstoapplyto
columns.
Note:
Whenyouarefinished
definingthetablessavethe
specificationfile.
Figure645:ReportTables
Panel
Thetablenamemustbeunique
withinthelistoftables.The
maximumsizeis20alpha
numericcharacters.Spacesare
notallowed.
SelecttheDescendingtosort
columnvalues(rows)in
descendingorder.Ifunticked,
valueswillbesortedin
ascendingorder.
TheOrderbycolumnallowsyou
tospecifythecolumn(s)bywhich
toorder.Ifenteringmorethan
one,separateeachcolumnwith
acomma.Thetotalnumberof
charactersforthecolumns
specifiedheremustnotexceed
80characters.Ifnocolumnsto
orderbyarespecified,therows
remainunsorted(i.e.inthesame
orderasthedumpfile).
Ifusingacolumntoorderby
thatisalsoacolumntobe
subtotalled(seeReportby
option),thatcolumnmustbethe
lastentry.
Note:
Columnsbasedoncolumn
internalfunctionsor
columnscalculatedon
outputcannotbeused,as
sortingisperformedbefore
columnsubtotalling.
SelecttheOnlyDisplayTotals
optiontoonlyreporttotalvalues.
TheReportbyoptionallowsyou
tospecifyacolumnforwhich
subtotalswillbereported.Every
timethecolumnvaluechangesa
subtotalrowwillbedisplayedin
thetable.Ifalsoorderingbythis
column,makesurethatthe
columnisthelastonespecified
intheOrderbyfield.
Note:
Assubtotallingisperformed
beforereportingcolumn
values,columnscalculated
onoutputcannotbeused.
Charactercolumnswillbe
excludedfromthereportifthey
arenotusedfororderingor
subtotalling.Numericcolumns
arealwaysincludedexceptifthe
Displayfinaltotaloptionis
unselected(seeReportColumns
panelintheColumnsoption).
Theconditionfieldsallowyouto
selectwhichrowstoincludein
thetablebasedonwhether
certaincolumnconditionsare
met.Forexample,thefollowing
conditionwillselectonlythe
rowswithacoppergrade
between1.4and6.0:
cu_ivdgt1.4andcu_ivdlt6.0
Upto5conditionsmaybe
entered.Toaccesstheconditions
panel,clickontheiconatthe
rightofthefield.Allconditions
mustbetruebeforearowis
includedinthetable.Seethe
OnlineHelp,Envisage>Core
Appendices>AppendixDfora
fulllistofavailable
operators/functions.
Note:
Anycolumnnamecanbe
usedintherowselection
conditions,butrowselection
isperformedbeforethe
sortingandsubtotallingof
columns,socolumnsbased
oncolumninternalfunctions
orcolumnscalculatedon
outputcannotbeused.
Eitherallcolumnscanbeused
inthetableorasubset(select
columns).
IftheSelectAllcolumnsoption
isselected,thecolumnsappear
inthetableasinthecolumns
list.
Toselectasubsetofthe
columns,unticktheSelectAll
columnsoptionandenterthe
names(separatedbyacomma)
ofthecolumnsyouwantto
includeintheSelected
Columnsfield.
Note:
Ifsubsetsareselected,the
columnsusedtoorderand
reportbymustbeincludedin
thesubset.Selectinga
columndoesnotnecessarily
meanthatitwillbedisplayed
inthetable.Seethe
descriptionoftheReportby
option.
6.3.7.5 Save the specification file
TheSaveReportoptionallows
youtosavetheopenreport
specificationsfile.Thismustbe
donebeforetheViewReport
optionisusedasthereport
creationisbasedonthecontents
ofthereportspecificationfile.
Figure646:Savereport
Enterthenameofthereport
specificationfile.Thedefault
nameisthenameoftheopen
reportspecificationfile
(<name>.tab).Thiscanbe
overwrittenwithanewnameif
youdon'twantthe"old"filetobe
affected.Themaximumsizeis
80alphanumericcharacters.The
sizeincludesthe.tabfile
extension.
6.3.7.6 Reporting the reserves
TheViewReportoptionallows
youtogenerateareportusing
theopenreportspecificationfile.
Theresultingreportisstoredin
areportfile(.rep).
Theresultsmaybepostedtothe
screenifrequired.
Note:
Thereportisautomatically
senttotheReportWindow,
butwillbelimitedtothe
widthofthatwindowso
somecolumnsmaynotbe
displayed.Ifthisisthecase,
savethereportandviewitin
atexteditor.
Figure647:Createreport
Panel
Enterthenameofthedumpfile
containingtherequired
calculationresults.
Enterthenameoftheresulting
reportfile.Thedefaultis
report.rep.Themaximumsizeis
40alphanumericcharacters
(thisincludesthe.repfile
extension).
Eitheralltablesorselected
tablescanbeincludedinthe
report.IfyouselectAlltables,
thetablesappearinthereportin
thesameorderastheydointhe
tablelist.IfyouselectSelect
tables,thetablesappearinthe
orderthattheyareselected.Use
thedropdownliststoselectthe
particulartables.
SelectthePostreportin
graphicsoptiontodisplaythe
reportinthePrimarywindow.
Oncethispaneliscompleted,
youwillbepromptedtospecifya
layerforthereport(ifnolayeris
currentlyopen)andthenameof
thereporttobeloadedintothat
layer.Acolourforthereporttext
isalsospecified.Youarethen
promptedtoindicatethetext
origin,i.e.thelefthandcorner
wherethereporttextwillstart,
andthetextextent.
Thereportisdisplayedinthe
ReportWindowor,ifpostingin
graphics,displayedasalayer.In
thelattercaseyoucanusethe
TextEditoptionsunderDesign
foranytexteditingfunctions.
Workshop - Block
Reserves
Theaimofthisworkshopisto
usebothoftheblockreserves
submenustogainan
understandingastowhateach
offers.
Tryproducingafewsimple
reportsfirstandthenprogressto
morecomplexreports.

Training Manual Block Modelling

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