Annotated Bibliography:

Primary Resources:

Madison, James. "The Virginia Plan." The Virginia Plan. American Institute for History, 2010. Web. 9 Nov. 2012. This document is an electronically published version of the original Virginia Plan drafted by James Madison. It states all fifteen improvements that James Madison wished were applied to the U.S. government. Using this primary source helped increase my knowledge on the Virginia Plan, as well as broaden the information on James Madisons beliefs.

Paterson, William. "New Jersey Plan." New Jersey Plan. American Institute for History, 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. This document is an electronically published version of the original New Jersey Plan drafted by William Paterson. It lists nine improvements that would be the basis of the new system of government based on Congress votes. It helped understand what William Paterson wanted to achieve in the Constitutional Convention.

"Transcript of Articles of Confederation (1777)." Transcript of Articles of Confederation (1777). Www.ourdocuments.gov, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true>. This website allowed me to read the Articles if Confederation. I was able to learn a great amount about the Articles by comparing this transcript to the U.S. Constitution. Quotes from this website were also very useful in creating the website.

James, Madison. Alexander, Hamilton. John, Jay."The Federalist Papers." THOMAS (Library of Congress). The Library of Congress, 22 Jan. 1788. Web. 06 Dec. 2012. This document is a primary source from James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay about the separation of power in the U.S. government and why it works so well. The system of checks and balances was first thoroughly analyzed in this paper. The document was also a source for quotes that were used for the website.

"The United States Constitution." The United States Constitution. Constitutionus.com, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://constitutionus.com/>.

This website displays the official transcript of the U.S. Constitution. It allowed me to read through the actual document, and learn from the official primary source. I gathered quotes from the writing, which I used to develop my website.

"Bill of Rights - Transcript." First State Patriots. First State Patriots, 2010. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. <http://firststatepatriots.org/foundingdocuments/32-bill-of-rights>. This is a transcript of the Bill of Rights. It allowed me to gather information as well as quotes that were incorporated into the Bill of Rights page.

"George Washington to James Madison5 November 1786." Papers of George Washington. Virginia Education, 2011. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. <http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/documents/constitution/1784/madison2. html>. This website consists of letters written by George Washington through the years 1783 and 1788. It was very useful to understand the worries of George Washington during the time of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of the Constitution. The letters were used as a source for quotes.

Secondary Resources:

Beeman, Richard. Plain, Honest Men. Broadway, New York: Random House, 1745. Print. The Making of the American Constitution. Richard Beeman describes the times before and after the U.S. Constitution was established. Important dates, historic figures, documents, and events are displayed in the book. This book explains how the Constitution was created despite the conflicts and through numerous compromises.

Comparison of Constitution and Articles of Confederation. Utah State University, 2008. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://ocw.usu.edu/universitystudies/u-s-institutions/comparison-of-constitution-and-articles-ofconfederation>. This source summarizes the differences between the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution in the form of a chart. Utah State Universitys information helped to fully understand the differences between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.

Library of, Congress Researchers. Primary Documents in American History. Articles of Confederation: Primary Documents in American

History (Virtual Programs and Services, Library of Congress) Library of Congress 25 April, 2012. Web. 30 Nov, 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/articles.html>. This website was created by the Library of Congress Researchers and it summarizes the Articles of Confederation - displays its weaknesses, why it needed to be changed, and why the Constitutional Convention was held. It demonstrates the importance of the change in government the United States had.

The White House. The Constitution The White House. The U.S. Constitution. Web. 30 Nov, 2012. <www.whitehouse.gov/ourgovernment/the-constitution>. This website provides an in depth study on how the Constitution improved considerably from the Articles of Confederation. It describes what the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan were, who supported either proposal in the Constitutional Convention, and how the convention split the government into three branches. This website was particularly helpful in comprehending all aspects of American government during the 1780s.

"Constitutional Convention." U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. Vol. 2. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 385-389. Student Resources in Context. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. This encyclopedia of U.S. history summarizes the events of the Constitutional Convention, describing what the convention was, why it was held, and how the framers of the Constitution planned on making reforms to the government system. The Virginia and New Jersey plans are also mentioned in the book. This resource helped to understand the importance of the Constitutional Convention.

"The Constitutional Convention." The Constitution and Supreme Court. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Student Resources in Context. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. This book thoroughly describes the New Jersey and Virginia Plans as well as their importance to the creation of the U.S. Constitution. The source made it easy to understand the opinions of the delegates in the Constitutional Convention and why they supported either proposal.

Rakove, Jack N. Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the

Constitution. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1996. Print. This is a book that displays both sides of the arguments against and for the Constitution. I was able to understand what different people in the Constitutional Convention believed in, the difference between Federalists and Antifederalists, and the effect of the feud between the Federalists and Antifederalists.

Maier, Pauline. Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 17871788. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010. Print. This book helped understand the importance of the ratification process, as well as the debates and dramatic events that occurred during the ratifying conventions. The Ratification page in my website was created because of this book.

"Charters of Freedom." Charters of Freedom. U.S. Archives, 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_4.ht ml>. This website was very helpful because it explained both the Bill of Rights and the Constitution. It also described the Constitutional Convention, the

people who were involved in writing the Constitution as well as the compromises that were made. Archives.gov allowed me to further expand my knowledge of two influential documents in history.

"The Federalist Papers." The Federalist Papers. www.thefederalistpapers.org, n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. <http://www.thefederalistpapers.org/>. From this website, I was able to expand my knowledge about the authors of the Federalist Paper. Also, I gathered factual quotes and personal correspondence between people involved in writing the Constitution. It was very beneficial in the creation of my website.

Pictures:

Johnson, Stephen. Hand Writing with a Quill. N.d. Photograph. The Guardian. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/nov/30/harry-mount-top-10essays>. This photograph was used as my websites logo. I used Photoshop to alter the features of the original image in order to give it an antique appearance

that would match the websites background.

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. N.d. Photograph. AP U.S. History - Articles of Confederation. Dunne/Atkinson. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. <http://thayerapus1213.wiki.thayer.org/Fall+Writing+Option+2>. This photograph portrays the actual document: Articles of Confederation. I combined this image with two other photos (the Federalist Papers and the Constitution) to create a triptych of the most important documents of my research. It can be found on the Home page, Conclusion page, and Timeline page.

Federalist Papers. N.d. Photograph. Anti-Federalist Paper No. 3. Comp. Jake Henderson. Reading Through History, 13 Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. This photo depicts the Federalist Papers. It is found under the Anti Federalists and Federalists page, as well as on the Home page, Conclusion page, and Timeline page.

Constitution of the United States of America. N.d. www.archives.gov Web.

17 Dec 2012. This is a photograph of the Constitution. I chose this particular picture because of its vintage look.

Articles of Confederation. N.d. Photograph. World Digital Library. World Digital Library. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. <http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2717/>. This photograph displayed the Articles of Confederation. It is placed in my website under the Articles of Confederation page.

Granger, John. John Dickinson. N.d. http://chronicles.dickinson.edu/ Web.17 Dec 2012. This photograph shows John Dickinson, who wrote the Articles of Confederation. It is a part of a slideshow on the Articles of Confederation page.

The Articles of Confederation. N.d. www.myloc.gov Web. 17 Dec 2012. This photo shows the drafting of the Articles of Confederation on a stamp.

Christy, Howard. Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United

States. 1940. http://www.thefederalistpapers.org/the-articles-ofconfederation Web. 17 Dec 2012. This picture helps visualize the signing of the Constitution. Howard Chandler Christys drawing now hangs in the U.S. Capitol and is found under the Constitution page.

White, Bryant. Daniel Shays. 2008. shaysrebellion.stcc.edu Web. 17 Dec 2012. This is an image of one of Bryant White paintings describing the Shays rebellion. It is a portrait of Daniel Shays. Bryant White is a painter with a BA in Visual Arts and Graphic Design from the University of Maryland, now residing in South Central Pennsylvania. His love in history, as well as more than 35 years participation in 18th Century Living History programs resulted in a series of history - inspired artworks.

White, Bryant. Petition and Protest. 2008. shaysrebellion.stcc.edu Web. 17 Dec 2012. This is one of Bryant Whites paintings dedicated to Shays Rebellion. It displays the people of Massachusetts petitioning to the State legislature for financial relief as a result of existing recession.

White, Bryant. Making a Nation. 2008. shaysrebellion.stcc.edu Web. 17 Dec 2012. This Bryant White painting shows the effect of Shays Rebellion on the nation. It portrays the delegates of the Constitutional Convention that gathered together to create a new governing system. Also, this website was very helpful in understanding the reasons and the effects of Shays Rebellion.

Independence Hall. N.d. Photograph. Independence Hall. National Park Service. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nps.gov/inde/planyourvisit/independence-hall.htm>. This photograph displays the interior of the Independence Hall in Philadelphia. It helps visualize the place where Constitution was created through many confrontations and numerous compromises. The image is found under the Constitutional Convention page.

Web. Virginia Plan. N.d. www.myloc.gov. 17 Dec 2012. This is a photo of the Virginia Plan. The burned effect of the edges ads to the antiqued design of the website.

Vanderlyn, John. James Madison. 1816. Photograph. White House Historical Association, Washington, Washington. Looking Back as a Nation Votes. National Endowment For the Humanities, 5 Nov. 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http//:www.neh.gov:divisions:preservation:featured-project:lookingback-nation-votes> This is a portrait of James Madison. It helps visualize the person who created the Virginia Plan. It is displayed under several pages.

New Jersey Plan. N.d. www.myloc.gov Web. 17 Dec 2012. This is a photograph of the New Jersey Plan. It is placed in the New Jersey Plan page. The burned effect of the edges ads to the antiqued design of the website.

William Paterson. N.d. Photograph. William Paterson. Teaching American History. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http://teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/delegates/paterson.ht ml>. William Paterson is depicted in this photo. It is found in the New Jersey Plan page. It helps envision the person who drafted the New Jersey Plan.

Alexander Hamilton. N.d. Photograph. Alexander Hamilton's Economic Legacy. C-SPAN, 2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. <http://www.cspan.org/Events/Alexander-Hamilton39s-EconomicLegacy/10737438125/>. This photograph displays Alexander Hamilton. It is found in the Hamilton Plan page because he was the creator of the Hamilton Plan.

The U.S. Constitution. N.d. Photograph. Voice of Reason. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://reasonradionetwork.com/20111123/the-mark-weberreport-how-important-is-the-constitution>. This photo shows the Constitution. It can be found under the Constitution page. It gives a different depiction of the Constitution than the one used on the Home page.

John Jay. N.d. Photograph. Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States. John Jay. U.S. Senate. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. <http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/image/NY_Jay _John.htm>. This photograph displays a portrait of John Jay one of the federalists. It is

shown on the Federalists and Anti - Federalists page.

"Delegates to the Constitutional Convention: Alexander Hamilton." Delegates to the Constitutional Convention: Alexander Hamilton. Teaching American History, n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2013. <http://teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/delegates/hamilton.ht ml>. Alexander Hamilton is portrayed in this image. It can be found in the slide show under Federalists.

Jennings, Ron. George Mason. N.d. Photograph. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond. Virginia Declaration of Rights. Principles of Freedom, 2005. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://research.history.org/pf/signers/virginiaDeclaration.cfm>. George Mason is depicted in this photo. It can be found in the slide show under Anti - Federalists.

Samuel Adams. N.d. Photograph. The Rights of the Colonists. Constitution.org, 27 Aug. 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. <http://www.constitution.org/bcp/right_col.htm>.

Samuel Adams is shown in this photograph. It is displayed in the slide show under Anti - Federalists.

Patrick Henry. N.d. Photograph. Revolutionary War Period. www.bfcsd.org. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http://www.bfcsd.org/webpages/ccompomartin/ela_8.cfm?subpage= 337071>. This photo depicts Patrick Henry. It helps visualize the Anti - Federalist Patrick Henry and it is found under the Anti Federalists column.

Bill of Rights. N.d. Photograph. Bill of Rights of the US Constitution: Promise Made, Promise Kept. Www.shestokas.com. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. <http://www.shestokas.com/constitution-educational-series/billof-rights-of-the-us-constitution-promise-made-promise-kept-2/>. The Bill of Rights is shown in this photograph. As with the pictures of the Constitution, it helps visualize the historical document. It has been processed to achieve a vintage look.

Music:

Lune, Claire De. Debussy. Claire De Lune. N.d. MP3. I personally believe that this piece, although written in Europe a century after the Constitution was established, carries the mode of that time period.

Video:

Maier, Pauline. "Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 17871788." Speech. 2011 Paolucci/Bagehot Book Award Winner. Intercollegiate Studies Institute, Wilmington, Delaware. 31 Mar. 2013. C-SPAN Video Library. C-SPAN, 3 Nov. 2011. Web. 31 Mar. 2013. <http://www.cspanvideo.org/program/303014-1>. I stumbled upon this video while searching through the C-SPAN Video Library. It gave me a different perspective of the significance of the ratification of the Constitution, which made me dedicate a whole page of my website to it. Pauline Maier is a professor at MIT, who received a Ph.D. from Harvard University and dedicated 12 years of her life to research the Ratifying Conventions.