SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE H.P.C.

L CORE EXTRACTION& TESTING

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1. Scope This test method covers obtaining, preparing, and testing cores drilled from concrete for compressive strength. 2. Reference ASTM code C 42 IS 516 IS 1199 3. General Concrete strength is affected by location of the concrete in structural element, with concrete at the bottom tending to be stronger than the concrete at the top. Core strength is also affected by core orientation relative to the horizontal plane of the concrete as placed, with strength tending to be lower when measured parallel to the horizontal plane. The strength of concrete measured by test of cores and beams is affected by the amount and distribution of moisture in the specimen at the time of test. These factors shall be considered in planning the locations for obtaining concrete samples and in comparing strength test results. 4. Apparatus Core drill, for obtaining cylindrical core specimens with diamond impregnated bits attached to the core barrel. Saw for trimming the ends of the core. The saw shall have a diamond or silicon carbide cutting edge and shall be capable of cutting specimens that confirm to the prescribed dimensions without excessive heating or shock. 5. Samples Samples of hardened concrete for use in the preparation of strength test specimens shall not be taken until the concrete is strong enough to permit sample removal without disturbing the bond between the mortar and the coarse aggregates.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE H.P.C.L CORE EXTRACTION& TESTING

CIVIL WORKS AT LONI TERMINAL

Also samples that have been damaged during removal shall not be used unless the damaged portions are removed and the resulting test specimen is having the required length. Samples containing embedded reinforcement cannot be used for the test 6. Core drilling Core specimen shall be drilled perpendicular to the surface and not the formed joints or edges. Record and report the approximate angle between the longitudinal axis of the core drilled and horizontal plane of the concrete as placed. A specimen drilled perpendicular to a vertical surface, or perpendicular to a surface with a batter, shall be taken from near the middle of a unit of deposit when possible. Slab removal: remove a slab sufficiently large to secure the desired test specimen to without inclusion of any concrete that has been cracked, spalled, undercut or otherwise damaged. 7. Drilled cores for compressive test 7.1. Diameter

The diameter of the core specimen for the determination of compressive strength in load bearing structural members shall be at least 3.70 inch[94 mm]. For concrete with nominal maximum size of aggregate greater than or equal to 1.5 inch[37.5 mm], the preferred minimum core diameter shall be ,three times the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate but it should be at least two times the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregates. 7.2. Length

The preferred length of capped specimen is between 1.9 and 2.1 times the diameter. High lengths can be trimmed and for specimens having low length, correction factor has to be applied in compressive test.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE H.P.C.L 7.3. CORE EXTRACTION& TESTING Moisture conditioning

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After cores have been drilled, wipe off the surface drilled water and allow the surface moisture to evaporate. When surface appears dry, but not greater than 1 hour after drilling, place cores in separate bags or non absorbent containers and seal to prevent moisture loss. Maintain cores at ambient temperatures and protect from exposure to direct sunlight. Transport the cores as soon as possible to laboratory. Cores can be taken out of the bags for a maximum tie of 2 hrs to permit capping before testing. If water is used for grinding or sawing the core ends, complete these operations as soon as possible, but not later than 2 days after drilling. Minimize the duration of exposure to water during end preparation. Allow the cores to remain in the sealed plastic bags or non absorbent containers for at least 5 days after last being wetted and before testing. 7.4. Sawing of the ends

The ends of core specimen shall be flat, and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Sawing should be such that prior to capping the following requirements are met, a) Projections, if any shall not extend more than 0.2 inch[5mm] above the end surfaces b) The end surfaces shall not depart from perpendicularity to the longitudinal axis by a slope of more than 1.8 d or 1:0.3d where d is the average core diameter. 7.5. Capping

If the ends of cores do not confirm to the perpendicularity and plainness requirement, they shall be sawed or ground or capped. If cores are capped, the capping device shall accommodate actual core diameters and produce caps that are concentric with the core ends.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE H.P.C.L CORE EXTRACTION& TESTING

CIVIL WORKS AT LONI TERMINAL

The material used for capping shall be such that its compressive strengt h is greater than that of the concrete in the core. Caps shall be made as thin as practicable and shall not flow or fracture before the concrete fails when specimen is tested. Capped surface shall be right angles to the axis of the specimen and shall not detach depart from a plane by more than 0.05 mm. Measure core lengths to the nearest 0.1 inch [2 mm] before capping. 7.6. Measurement

Before testing, measure the length of the capped or ground specimen to the nearest 0.1 inch [2 mm] and compute this to calculate the length diameter [L/D] ratio. Determine the average diameter by averaging the two measurements taken at right angles to each other at the mid height of the specimen. Measure core diameters to the nearest 0.01 inch[.2 mm] when the difference in core diameters does not exceed 2% of their average, otherwise measure to the nearest 0.1 inch[2mm]. Do not test cores if the difference between smallest and largest diameter of the core exceeds 5% of their average. 8. Testing Test the specimen within 7 days after coring. 9. Calculation Calculate the compressive test of the specimen using the computed cross sectional area based on average diameter of the specimen. If the L/D ratio is 1.75 or less, correct the result obtained by multiplying with correction factors as given below.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE H.P.C.L CORE EXTRACTION& TESTING

CIVIL WORKS AT LONI TERMINAL

L/D ratio

correction factor

1.75 1.5 1.25 1.00

0.98 0.96 0.93 0.87

The value obtained after multiplying with correction factor is calledcorrected compressive strength, this being equivalent strength of a cylinder having L/D ratio of 2. The equivalent cube strength can be calculated by multiplying the corrected cylinder strength by 5/4. 10. Report Report the results with addition of the following information, a) Length of core drilled to the nearest 5 mm b) Length of the specimen before and after capping to nearest 2 mm and average diameter of core to the nearest 0.2 mm or 2 mm. c) Compressive strength to the nearest 0.1 MPa when diameter is measured to nearest 0.2 mm and to the nearest 0.5 MPa when diameter is measured to the nearest 2mm after correction for L/D ratio. d) Direction of application of load with respect the horizontal plane of the concrete as placed e) Moisture conditioning history f) If water was used during end preparation, the date and time end preparation was completed and core was placed in concealed bags. g) The date and time when tested h) Nominal maximum size of the aggregates.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE H.P.C.L CORE EXTRACTION& TESTING

CIVIL WORKS AT LONI TERMINAL