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INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................................1 JESUS OUR EXAMPLE . . ........................................................................................................................................................1 PART 1 SPIRIT OF PROPHECY COUNSELS......................................................................................................................3 PART 2 - IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF HEALTH TALKS.................................................................................................6 PART 3 - DEVELOPING GOOD LISTENING SKILLS..........................................................................................................8 PART 4 - ORGANIZING YOUR TOPICS ................................................................................................................................9 PART 4 - THE ART OF PERSUASIVE SPEAKING..............................................................................................................13 MONROES MOTIVATED SEQUENCE...........................................................................................................................................13

Introduction
JESUS OUR EXAMPLE . . .
Follow in Jesus footsteps by using His holistic model of health and wellness. Our Lord Jesus Christ came to this world as the unwearied servant of mans necessity. . . . It was His mission to bring to men complete restoration; He came to give them health and peace, and perfection of character. . . . None who came to Him went away unhelped. From Him flowed a stream of healing power, and in body and mind and soul men where made whole. Ministry of Healing p. 17 He spoke to them in language so simple that they could not fail of understanding. By methods peculiarly His own, He helped all who were in sorrow and affliction. Ministry of Healing p. 23 Christs method alone will give true success in reaching the people. He mingled with men as one who desired their good. He showed His sympathy for them. He ministered to their needs. He won their confidence. He bade them to follow Me. There is need of coming close to the people by personal effort. Poor are to relieved. Sick should be care for. The sorrowing and bereaved comforted. The ignorant instructed. The inexperienced counseled. Accompanied by the power of persuasion, the power of prayer, the love of God, this work will not, cannot be without fruit. Ministry of Healing, pp. 143-144 All who consecrate body, soul, and spirit to His service will be constantly receiving a new endorsement of physical, mental, and spiritual power. The inexhaustible supplies of heaven are at their command. Ministry of Healing, p. 159
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God looks into the tiny seed that He himself has formed, and sees wrapped within it the beautiful flower, the shrub, or the lofty, wide-spreading tree. So does He see the possibilities in every human being. We are here for a purpose. God has given us His plan for our life, and He desires us to reach the highest standard of development. Ministry of Healing, p. 397 Let the youth advance as fast and as far as they can in the acquisition of knowledge. Let their field of study be as broad as their powers can compass. And, as they learn, let them impart their knowledge. Ministry of Healing, p. 402 Read: 2 Timothy 2: 1-3 By the end of this class you should be able to: Present simple health nuggets (5-10 minutes). Present and Abundant Living (already scripted) or other presentation with visuals. Research and develop your own health talks. Overcome the fear of speaking in public. Let God use you to bless others! Health Talks Class Requirements All health evangelism students will give health talks in class as follows: 1. Each student gives 3 health talks. Some will be on site and others out in the community. 2. Talk #1 will be taken from the Ounce of Prevention book and should not exceed 10 minutes. This is a health nugget and should be short and sweet! A handout may be given when appropriate. Each talk will be evaluated by both teacher and classmates. For example: if Team 1 is speaking, then Team 3 will receive evaluations to complete. See evaluation sheet. 3. Talk # 2 will be chosen for you with a script already developed. You are encouraged to personalize the talk, when able and present the presentation smoothly in approximately 20 minutes. An outline is to be given to the teacher on the day of your talk. Use of visual aids is necessary. 4. Towards the end of the class, students will be work as teams to present talks in schools in the community. Some may be asked to present their talks in other outreach activities such as church, cooking schools, etc. 5. You will complete reading assignments in the Ounce of Prevention book and may be quizzed on the information. (For countries with strict laws) When speaking in public schools, references to the Bible and Spirit of Prophecy must be eliminated due to the laws that govern separation of church and state. Many of the teachers are Christians but we must not compromise their positions. One student used this approach for a quotation from Proverbs by saying, A wise man once said.

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Part 1 Spirit of Prophecy Counsels

A Supreme Blessing for Good--The power of speech is a talent that should be diligently cultivated. Of all the gifts we have received from God, none is capable of being a greater blessing than this. With the voice we convince and persuade, with it we offer prayer and praise to God, and with it we tell others of the Redeemer's love. How important, then, that it be so trained as to be most effective for good.--COL 335. {VSS 13.1} A Power in the Communication of Knowledge--We may have knowledge, but unless we know how to use the voice correctly, our work will be a failure. Unless we can clothe our ideas in appropriate language, of what avail is our education? Knowledge will be of little advantage to us unless we cultivate the talent of speech; but it is a wonderful power when combined with the ability to speak wise, helpful words, and to speak them in a way that will command attention.--6T 380. {VSS 13.3} A Sacred Trust--The gift of speech is a valuable talent. Never despise or demit this gift. Thank God for entrusting it to you. It is a precious gift, to be sanctified, elevated, and ennobled. As a sacred trust, the voice should be used to honor God. It should never utter harsh, impure words or words of faultfinding. The gospel of Christ is to be proclaimed by the voice. {VSS 14.2} With the talent of speech we are to communicate the truth as we have opportunity. It should ever be used in God's service; but this talent is grievously abused. Words are spoken which do great harm. Christ declared, "Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned" [Matt. 12:36, 37].--Ms 21, 1899. {VSS 14.3} Holy Spirit's Power in the Cultivation of the Voice--Encourage all to use simple, pure, elevated language. Speech, pronunciation, and voice--cultivate these talents, not under any great elocutionist of the world, but under the power of the Holy Spirit of God.--Lt 83, 1898. {VSS 14.4} Communication With God and Man--Speech is one of the great gifts of God. It is the means by which the thoughts of the heart are communicated. It is with the tongue that we offer prayer and praise to God. With the tongue we convince and persuade. With the tongue we comfort and bless, soothing the bruised, wounded soul. With the tongue we may make known the wonders of the grace of God. With the tongue also we may utter perverse things, speaking words that sting like an adder. {VSS 17.2} Means of Declaring God's Love--Speech is a talent. Of all the gifts bestowed on the human family, none should be more appreciated than the gift of speech. It is to be used to declare God's wisdom and wondrous love. Thus the treasures of His grace and wisdom are to be communicated.--CS 115. {VSS 21.3} Counsel, Encouragement, and Reproof--The talent of speech was given to us that we might speak, not words of faultfinding, but words of counsel, words of encouragement, words of reproof.--RH July 20, 1905. {VSS 22.2} Speech for Witnessing--God has given us the gift of speech that we may recite to others His dealing with us, that His love and compassion may touch other hearts, and that praise may arise from other souls also to Him who has called them out of darkness into His marvelous light. The Lord has said, "Ye are My witnesses" (Isa. 43:10). But all who are called to be witnesses for Christ must learn of Him, that they may be efficient witnesses. As children of the heavenly King, they should educate themselves to bear testimony in a clear, distinct voice, and in such a manner that no one may receive the impression that they are reluctant to tell of the mercies of the Lord.--CT 243. {VSS 23.1} Correct Language and Cultivated Voices--Oh, that all might search diligently to know what is truth, to study earnestly that they might have correct language and cultivated voices, that they might present the truth in all its elevated and ennobling beauty.--FE 256. {VSS 23.3}
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Means of Exalting Sacred Themes--He who teaches the Word of God should cultivate his powers of speech, that the sacred themes upon which he dwells may be presented in the very best manner, that the precious golden oil may cause his lamp to reflect clear and distinct rays. The truth should lose none of its power and attractive loveliness because of the channel through which it is communicated. We should seek to cultivate the purest, highest, noblest qualifications, that we may rightly represent the sacred, holy character of the work and cause of God.--RH April 20, 1897. {VSS 24.3} Purity of Language--As you seek to draw others within the circle of His love, let the purity of your language, the unselfishness of your service, the joyfulness of your demeanor, bear witness to the power of His grace. Give to the world so pure and righteous a representation of Him, that men shall behold Him in His beauty.--MH 156. {VSS 26.2} Essential Subject for Our Schools--The education of the speech must not be neglected in our schools. Those who go into society with a desire and a determination to be as Christ commanded them to be, will not condescend to unchristian conversation. They will seek to represent Christ by their spirit and words.--RH Jan. 25, 1898. {VSS 30.2} Distinct Enunciation--Jesus is our example. His voice was musical, and was never raised in high, strained notes while He was speaking to the people. He did not speak so rapidly that His words were crowded one upon another in such a way that it made it difficult to understand Him. He distinctly enunciated every word, and those that heard His voice bore the testimony that "never man spake like this man."--RH March 5, 1895. {VSS 71.1} Love in His Tone--His tender compassion fell with a touch of healing upon weary and troubled hearts. Even amid the turbulence of angry enemies He was surrounded with an atmosphere of peace. The beauty of His countenance, the loveliness of His character, above all, the love expressed in look and tone, drew to Him all who were not hardened in unbelief. Had it not been for the sweet, sympathetic spirit that shone out in every look and word, He would not have attracted the large congregations that He did.--DA 254. {VSS 71.3} As Music to the Ear--The Saviour's voice was as music to the ears of those who had been accustomed to the monotonous, spiritless preaching of the scribes and Pharisees. He spoke slowly and impressively, emphasizing those words to which He wished His hearers to give special heed. Old and young, ignorant and learned, could catch the full meaning of His words. This would have been impossible had He spoken in a hurried way, and rushed sentence upon sentence without a pause. The people were very attentive to Him, and it was said of Him that He spoke not as the scribes and Pharisees, for His word was as of one who had authority.--CT 240. {VSS 72.1} Sweet Melody in His Voice--In my younger days I used to talk too loud. The Lord has shown me that I could not make the proper impression upon the people by getting the voice to an unnatural pitch. Then Christ was presented before me, and His manner of talking; and there was a sweet melody in His voice. His voice, in a slow, calm manner, reached those who listened, and His words penetrated their hearts, and they were able to catch on to what He said before the next sentence was spoken. Some seem to think they must race right straight along or else they will lose the inspiration and the people will lose the inspiration. If that is inspiration, let them lose it, and the sooner the better.--Ev 670. {VSS 72.3} Powerful and Attractive Teaching--There is an eloquence far more powerful than the eloquence of words in the quiet, consistent life of a pure, true Christian. What a man is has more influence than what he says. {VSS 77.2} The officers who were sent to Jesus came back with the report that never man spoke as He spoke. But the reason for this was that never man lived as He lived. Had His life been other than it was, He could not have spoken as He did. His words bore with them a convincing power, because they came from the heart pure and holy, full of love and sympathy, benevolence and truth.--MH 469. {VSS 77.3} Tact, Not Severity--The Saviour never suppressed the truth, but He uttered it always in love. In His intercourse with others, He exercised the greatest tact, and He was always kind and thoughtful. He was never rude, never needlessly spoke a severe word, never gave unnecessary pain to a sensitive soul. He did not censure human weakness. He fearlessly
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denounced hypocrisy, unbelief, and iniquity, but tears were in His voice as He uttered His scathing rebukes. He never made truth cruel, but ever manifested a deep tenderness for humanity. --GW 117. {VSS 79.1} No Hasty, Angry Words--Through the help that Christ can give, we shall be able to learn to bridle the tongue. Sorely as He was tried on the point of hasty and angry speech, He never once sinned with His lips. With patient calmness He met the sneers, the taunts, and the ridicule of His fellow workers at the carpenter's bench. Instead of retorting angrily, He would begin to sing one of David's beautiful psalms; and His companions, before realizing what they were doing, would unite with Him in the hymn. What a transformation would be wrought in this world if men and women today would follow Christ's example in the use of words!--7BC 936. {VSS 82.1} Gentleness of Disposition--Love will do that which argument will fail to accomplish. But a moment's petulance, a single gruff answer, a lack of Christian politeness and courtesy in some small matter, may result in the loss of both friends and influence. {VSS 82.2} What Christ was on this earth, the Christian worker should strive to be. He is our example, not only in His spotless purity, but in His patience gentleness, and winsomeness of disposition. His life is an illustration of true courtesy. He had ever a kind look and a word of comfort for the needy and the oppressed. His presence brought a purer atmosphere into the home. His life was as leaven working amid the elements of society.--GW 121. {VSS 82.3} Facial Expressions--The world's Redeemer went about doing good. When before the people, speaking to them the words of eternal truth, with what earnestness He watched the changing countenances of His hearers! The faces that expressed deep interest and pleasure as they listened to His words, gave Him great satisfaction. And when the truth, plainly uttered, touched some cherished sin or idol, He marked the change of countenance, the cold, stern, forbidding look, which told that the truth was unwelcome.--GW 48. {VSS 99.1} Christ an Example for Teachers--When Christ was teaching on earth, He watched the countenances of His hearers, and the kindling eye, the animated expression, told Him in a moment when one assented to the truth. Even so should the teachers of the people now study the countenances of their hearers.--Ev 158. {VSS 99.2} Hopeful Subjects in His Kingdom--Jesus watched with deep earnestness the changing countenances of His hearers. The faces that expressed interest and pleasure gave Him great satisfaction. As the arrows of truth pierced to the soul, breaking through the barriers of selfishness, and working contrition, and finally gratitude, the Saviour was made glad. When His eye swept over the throng of listeners, and He recognized among them the faces He had before seen, His countenance lighted up with joy. He saw in them hopeful subjects for His kingdom. When the truth, plainly spoken, touched some cherished idol, He marked the change of countenance, the cold, forbidding look, which told that the light was unwelcome. When He saw men refuse the message of peace, His heart was pierced to the very depths.--DA 255. {VSS 99.3} Individual Reactions--Even the crowd that so often thronged His steps was not to Christ an indiscriminate mass of human beings. He spoke directly to every mind and appealed to every heart. He watched the faces of His hearers, marked the lighting up of the countenance, the quick, responsive glance, which told that truth had reached the soul; and there vibrated in His heart the answering chord of sympathetic joy.--Ed 231. {VSS 100.1} Truth As People Could Bear It--Christ drew the hearts of His hearers to Him by the manifestation of His love, and then, little by little, as they were able to bear it, He unfolded to them the great truths of the kingdom. We also must learn to adapt our labors to the condition of the people--to meet men where they are.--Ev 57. {VSS 101.1} Varied Messages for Different Audiences--His [Jesus'] messages of mercy were varied to suit His audience. He knew "how to speak a word in season to him that is weary" (Isa. 50:4); for grace was poured upon His lips, that He might convey to men in the most attractive way the treasures of truth. He had tact to meet the prejudiced minds, and surprise them with illustrations that won their attention. Through the imagination He reached the heart.--DA 254. {VSS 101.2}

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Deep Breathing--If those who have defects in their manner of utterance will submit to criticism and correction, they may overcome these defects. They should perseveringly practice speaking in a low, distinct tone, exercising the abdominal muscles in deep breathing, and making the throat the channel of communication. Many speak in a rapid way, and in a high, unnatural key. Such a practice will injure the throat and lungs. As a result of continual abuse, the weak, inflamed organs will become diseased, and consumption [tuberculosis] may result.--CT 239. {VSS 195.2} Right Use of Abdominal Muscles--Voice culture is a subject that has much to do with the health of students. The youth should be taught how to breathe properly, and how to read in such a way that no unnatural strain shall come on the throat and lungs, but that the work shall be shared by the abdominal muscles. Speaking from the throat, letting the sound come from the upper part of the vocal organs, impairs the health of these organs and decreases their efficiency. The abdominal muscles are to do the heaviest part of the labor, the throat being used as a channel. Many have died who might have lived had they been taught how to use the voice correctly. The right use of the abdominal muscles in reading and speaking will prove a remedy for many voice and chest difficulties, and the means of prolonging life.--CT 297. {VSS 196.1} Overexertion of Vocal Organs-- A calm, unhurried, yet earnest, manner of speaking, will have a better influence upon a congregation than to let the feelings become excited and control the voice and manners. As far as possible the speaker should preserve the natural tones of the voice. It is the truth presented that affects the heart. If the speaker makes these truths a reality, he will, with the aid of the Spirit of God, be able to impress the hearers with the fact that he is in earnest, without straining the fine organs of the throat or the lungs.--2T 672. {VSS 197.2}

Part 2 - Important Elements of Health Talks

Begin with prayer. When in a public school have prayer among yourselves before the presentations begin. I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. Phil 4:13 I. What is the purpose of your talk? A. Key thought 1. Illustrate with a story or ask a question. 2. Use a real life story or personal example. Tell what God has done for you in this area, when applicable. 3. Keep the language simple. 4. Use a visual aid posters, demonstrations, graphs, powerpoint. B. Present scientific evidence about your topic. 1. Pros and cons (for and against). 2. Latest theories. Know what is current. a. What do the scientists say versus Readers Digest Examples: (1) Caffeine is not harmful. (2) Chocolate is an antioxidant. (3) Red wine reduces the risk of heart disease. b. Present physiological truth. (1) Use an example that sticks in the mind. C. Answer the question(s) that you asked at the beginning of your talk. 1. Ask for input from your audience. 2. Allow time for questions and answers. 3. Have some answers ready. If you dont know the answer, say so, find out the answer and get back to the person or get their phone #, e-mail, or address and send the info. 4. Never exaggerate evidence! 5. Humor goes a long way, but be prudent.

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D. IN CONCLUSION.-Wrap it up. Restate your key thought. 1. Briefly review using simple terms (depends on audience). 2. Give the reasons why they should or should not follow this lifestyle. 3. Make a conclusion and give an appeal for choice/change. E. Make a spiritual application when you are able to. 1. If quoting the Bible or SOP, give the reference (except in public schools). 2. Finish with what God says on the subject versus what man says. F. Give out a hand out that reinforces your talk. 1. Especially if you are doing a demonstration, give information sources, footnotes, etc. 2. Put your name, date, address and e-mail and/or telephone number if you are available for questions, or give a good website source for follow up. In conclusion: POINTS TO REMEMBER FOR HEALTH TALKS Capture their attention with your introduction riddles, questions, stories. Make eye contact with your audience. Speak clearly and distinctly. Be careful with vocal pauses like and, ah, and uhm. Watch your body language. Be open and relaxed. Keep your talk short (10-20 minutes) but not rushed. Use visual aids. They make a talk more interesting. Examples: Objects, pictures, drawings, demonstrations. Draw the talk together with an interesting conclusion. CLOSE YOUR TALKS WITH PRAYER WHEN POSSIBLE. ALWAYS LEAVE THEM WITH JESUS! Something better is the watch word of education. Four things that speech should have: 1)Love 2)Tenderness 3)Patience Education 296 4)Self-control

Love, and tenderness, patience and self-control will at all times be the law of their speech. Education p. 293 Where there is no vision the people perish but he that keepeth the law, happy is he. Proverbs 29:18 Five Steps: 1) 2) 3) 4) Finding a topic: based on the audience, and time constraints Your goal: what is the general goal what is the specific purpose. Research: multiple sources, recent and reliable. Organization: simple 3-part structure 1. Introduction: May use a catchy title or story. 2. Body of the talk: Make an outline and cover main points. 3. Conclusion: Wrap it up with a clear thought. 5) Delivery: natural is best, practice once with key word outline. All the great speakers were bad speakers at first. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Power, The Conduct of Life, 1860. Prepare, prepare, prepare practice makes perfect and reduces everyones stress! Dont prepare and you are sure to fail.

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Part 3 - DEVELOPING GOOD LISTENING SKILLS

Some of us are auditory learners and others must develop this skill. Here are some tips that can help you to retain what you hear. This is also the reason that you fill in evaluation forms for speakers in your class. Remember that to hear, see, say and do helps your brain to retain information for future use. If your do is teaching or sharing the new information in a public setting, it will usually remain for life. Listening Skills: Maintain eye contact with the lecturer, speaker, or instructor. Focus on content, not the delivery. Try to remain objective to avoid hearing what you want to hear. Avoid distractions if too hot or cold attempt to remedy the situation. Make listening a challenging mental task process verbal and visual info into notes. Stay active mentally by asking questions you may ask yourself when it is not appropriate to ask the speaker. o What is the key point? o How does this info compare to previous information? o How is the lecture/sermon organized? Use the gap between the speakers rate of speech and your rate of thought. You can think faster than most people can speak. The mind can: listen, think, write, and ponder all at the same time. We use listening skills more than any other form of communication: 45% listening 30% talking 16% reading 9% writing The brain works 4 times faster than the mouth! This means that we can read faster than you can speak. Avoid wordy or long quotations on power point presentations. Tips on developing better listening skills (group setting or one on one): Empathize with the person. It helps to see their point of view. Dont interrupt. Let them finish what they want to say. Control your emotions. Anger keeps you from listening objectively. Get rid of distractions. Dont argue mentally. Dont antagonize the speaker. This may cause them to conceal important ideas, emotions, and attitudes. Avoid assumptions. Ask for clarification when unsure of someones meaning.

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Part 4 - Organizing your Topics

You may choose or be assigned a topic. It is usually best to choose one that you are interested in. Then apply these steps: Identify the general purpose of your talk. Is it to inform or persuade? o To inform: explain, teach, describe or give your audience a better understanding of your topic. Using new and important info. o To persuade: to convince or motivate your audience to take action. Outline options in light of this new info in order to shape outcome. Identify the specific purpose of your talk. o Speaker focuses on the response he wants from the audience. o Cognitive effects: influence the beliefs and aim to guide their thinking. Influences their understanding so they will believe our claims. o Affective effects: influences our feelings. o Behavioral effects: Influences our actions and is a call to make willful, decision making. Thoughts become feelings Feelings influence our actions Actions become our habits Habits become our destiny The patterns of our minds influence our eternal destiny. Central idea form into one sentence. This is the main idea of your talk. Condensing it helps to make sure that you have accomplished communicating this idea by the end of your talk. Example: Young male student speaks on Tinnitus o Topic: tinnitus o General purpose: to persuade others to change. o Specific purpose: to persuade my audience to reduce the volume of their music, to prevent tinnitus, a form of permanent ear damage. o Body of talk contained definitions, explanations, and personal experience of the speaker (who has tinnitus from listening to loud rock music) to inform and persuade. Research putting your talk together. Plan your research: Know how to find information and data to support your ideas. Make a research plan. Set aside enough time for your research. Evaluate sources and choose the best. Record your findings and be systematic and organized. Libraries have references to find info and reference librarians to help solve your problems. Identify key terms for searching data bases/ Internet. Identify specialists in the field you have chosen to speak on. Check credentials, and qualifications of someone as an authority. Stay away from controversial issues unless you have adequate time to devote to thoroughly research all of the points of view.
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Keep a list of your sources especially the internet. Compare and verify data. Use at least 3-7 sources with two primary sources published and in print., or with email where you can contact experts directly with questions. Example: http:// www.expertcentral.com lists several sources. Books, periodicals, magazine articles, newspapers, interviews, and internet. Include your personal experiences, and demonstrations which increase your credibility and become more interactive experiences for the audience. Periodicals, are magazines or journals issued at regular intervals. Trade or professional journals are geared toward specific occupations or areas of academic research. Ex. The Journal of Health and Healing; American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Environmental Nutrition.

The National Library of Medicine is a good site. Medline is also (Some portions of the site are free others are by membership only). The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) both have downloadable info from around the world. Lists all documents published books, papers, periodicals, clinical trials, and on going studies. Extensive listings. www.nlm.gov National Library of Medicine www.nih.govNational Institute of Health www.cdc.gov Center for Disease Control www.yahoo.com links to more than 8,000 newspapers and magazines. Some online research tips: Youll need a browser which is a software program i.e. Netscape, Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer, etc. Most internet materials are stored on web pages written in computer code or language called hypertext markup language (HTML) with highlighted links that you can click on and connect to that site. Each site has an address called: uniform resource locator (URL) which has an number of elements, see examples below: http:// www.nytimes.com http:// www.stemnet.nf.ca http: tells the computer the protocol or kind of link to make. // shows the link will be with another computer. www. Server file is located on the world wide web. Nytimes names the owner of the site. .com is a commercial site. .org is a non-profit organization .nf (see above) refers to Newfoundland .ca refers to Canada. Added to the e-mail address when outside of the USA, stands for the country of origin. Subject Directory: Searches the internet by subject categories. Examples: http:// www.yahoo.com www.google.com www.askjeeves.com www.claringhouse,net (Angus clearing house monitors many subject guides or webliographies). www.ipl.org Internet Public Library links to search tools and all Internet sources. http://lcweb.loc.gov The Library of Congress, U.S. lists published materials. Need Assistance contact these sources: www.ipl.org e-mail librarians to help find info or for specific questions www.ipl.org/ref for reference librarians.
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Text Index: Search engine uses specific phrases and looks up obscure topics. Use key words. Use series of words. Use and entire line for the specific work. Otherwise your hits could be endless ! Some text directories: http:// www.alltheweb.com searches 200 million sites in seconds (out of 800 million). www.altavista.com www.metacrawler.com www.lycos.com How to evaluate internet sources: See the Internet Validation Project, 1999. Source Evaluate by looking at the URL Document with .gov or .edu are sponsored and maintained by institutions. .com is a commercial site .org is non-profit and web pages sponsored with varying reputation. Check who created and maintains the site. Name and e-mail address should be present. What is their occupation, educational background, and expertise? Can you contact them with questions? Do they give full references for their information? Site Content: Look for a site rating or do your own. What it the intent or purpose of the site? Look for bias. Is it relatively objective? Trying to reach personal or commercial goals (selling a product). Do they have an established position i.e. ADA veganism Is the statistical data current? Assess accuracy by checking other sources. Look for links, sources, methodology. Choose sites that are easy to use and well organized. Review sites by: o Purpose o Bias o Timeliness o Accuracy o Organization Some sites are more reputable than others. For example: Reuters is a well known international news source. However, sometimes news sources use undocumented sources for information that can prove to be incorrect. Beware! Three common methods to record research info: Photocopied or printed material. Note: Write on the copy the authors name, document name, publisher, date and page number(s). Mind maps draw diagram using main subject with divisions as info is accumulated coming out from central idea or subject. Note cards or notes.
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Bibliographies: Use standard bibliographic format to list your sources at the end of your notes. Most are listed alphabetically. See sites below for help with format. Fair Use Provision : Federal copyright act allows free use of materials for non-profit education and research purposes. You are using some elses material when you photocopy, but as a student it is your right to do so for a one-time research project. Avoid plagiarism by crediting sources. Exact wording should be quoted and end-noted. www.alltheweb.com and type in APA Style Manual (American Psychological Association). Or type in MLA Style Manual (Modern Language Association). Good citations: http:// puffin.creighton.edu/psy/TLB/writadv.html http:// www.orst.edu/dept/library/tutorial/library.htm Oregon State University sponsored site aimed at research papers and applies to speeches. http:// www.bob.ucsc.edu/library/media/reseaerch.html Tutorial site - Univeristy of California/Santa Cruz, Using the Web for Research: Tutorial. http:// www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/college/instruct/web/critical.htm Librarians at UCLA give advice on evaluating internet sources. Hoaxes : Dont be fooled. Check your sources. Check urban legends for controversial information before sharing. See http:// www.whitehouse.gov Official White House web site. Now type:www.whitehouse.net Fake White House Site but looks real. According to the National Health Council, a Wash, D.C. based health organization, as much as: 46% of net users where looking for health and medical information. Estimated 10,000 sites with medical information much of it was erroneous. Internet Health Watch is sponsored by Reuters evaluates internet web sites Sources: Jaffe, Clella, Public Speaking, Wadsworth, 2001. p-p.98-139. Lambkin, David J., Public Speaking for Everyone, UTC, Kendall-Hunt Publishing, 2001. pp. 51-54. Internet sources: www.nhcouncil.org, National Health Council. www.nih.gov, National Institute of Health.

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Part 4 - The Art of Persuasive Speaking

Choosing your topic is important. It is hard to persuade others about a subject that doesnt matter to you. When considering a subject to speak about, look at your own beliefs, feelings and ideals regarding the topic. If you have a topic assigned to you, and have not formed a core belief about the topic, understanding what you want your audience to do with your information or argument is critical. What action do you want them to take? Do you want them to reconsider an opinion or belief system? Lets look at some questions you need to ask yourself. My own strong beliefs: What ideas and issues do I consider important enough to defend? A thought question posed to all Christians is made by Ryan Dobson in his book, Something 2 die 4? We all look for purpose and direction .What matters to you and why? My strong feelings: What makes me angry? Sad? Arouses my pity? Love? My social ideals: What principles motivate me within society? What things would I like to change? What are some solutions to lifes biggest problems? My personal ideals: What are my personal goals? What improves our health? How can we improve our personal relationships with others? What is your own experiencewill sharing it help others? Pick a topic appropriate to your audience, and decide what claim do you want to defend? Or explain? A claim may be open to dispute or question, or may be controversial. Some people may disagree with your assertion. You must have evidence to back up your claims, including sources. Most claims fall into three categories: Factual claims: These are arguments for or against the existence of something, the cause or future outcomes. Value claims: Argues right or wrong, moral issues, good or bad, based on varying criteria, values, or principles. Outcomes vary as well. Policy claims: Argue about taking a course of action or the need to. Usually deal with problems, solutions, should and shouldnt. a. Includes arguments against the status quo ( the existing state of affairs). b. Includes arguments supporting the status quo against change. Our beliefs and actions affect what we value and our attitudes about what we are willing to do. An example of how this influences our behavior is: Regular vitamin consumers believe that vitamins have health benefits. They value and feel that it is good and morally right to care for their health. (the body is the temple of the Holy Spirit). Have positive attitudes toward good nutrition and healthy lifestyle habits. They act by purchasing and consuming vitamins regularly. Listeners must be convinced and motivated before you ask them to take an action. Developed by Alan Monroe, a professor at Purdue University, is a sequence of patterns frequently used during a persuasive speech, especially when the speaker desires a change in behavior or lifestyle. The underlying principle is that people need to be motivated to do what they know is best for them to do. The speaker must provide logical reasons as

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well as emotional ones. Remember: logos (logic), ethos (ethical), pathos (emotional) appeals reach the heart and the mind. Attention step: At the beginning of your talk you must engage your listener and gain their attention. Why should they listen to you? Need step: Four parts in establishing their need, (1) nature of the problem; (2) illustration detailed or examples. (3) additional factual support, statistics, testimonies. (4) implications for the listener- How does this affect them? Satisfaction step: Propose a solution that will fill the need that you have told them that they have. Visual aids or word pictures are helpful here. Meet possible objections here and give expected outcomes using new figures and facts projections. Visualization step: As them to visualize what their expected outcomes might be either positive or negative. Action: Final step asks listeners to respond in a particular way. End with a challenge for yourself as well as them! Accompanied by the power of persuasion, the power of prayer, and the power of the love of God, this work will not, cannot be without fruit. Ministry of Healing, pp. 143, 144. Sources: Jaffe, Public Speaking, Wadsworth, 2001, pp.337-357. Lambkin, David J., Public Speaking for Everyone, UTC, Kendall/Hunt, 2001. pp. 19, 59-69.

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Seasoned With Salt

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