Aj amila-Moksa-Prabandha of Narayana Bhatta Author(s): V.

Venkatarma arm str Source: Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, Vol. 4, No. 2 (1926), pp. 295-300 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the School of Oriental and African Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/606843 . Accessed: 29/03/2013 10:58
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AJAMILA-MOKSA-PRABANDHA OF NARAYANA BHATTA By

PANDIT V. VENKATARAMA SARMA ASTRI, VIDYXBHIfSANA

THE Campfi-prabandhaAjdmiila-maksais a little literary work

belonging to Travancore. In publishing it I am relying on a Malayalam manuscript written on cadjan leaves, which I obtained from Mr. Tazhaman aftkararTantri of Chenganurin the Travancore State. A piece of poetry interspersed with prose is called a Campfi-prabandha, or Prabandha,1in the Karala country. There is evidence of many of such Prabandhas having been extant in Travancore. Written on the basis of Puranic stories, these Prabandhas tend to propagate religious faith among the people. A Hindu sub-caste named Cakyar 2 used to present, with commendable histrionic skill, the most interesting episodes of the famous epics and through these Prabandhas. Even at the present time, whenPuran.as national art has become almost extinct in India, the Cakyars, who make it their hereditary profession, represent these Prabandhas in the Hindu temples during the annual festivals, when people congregate in their thousands. But, as the encouragement which they had been receiving in the past has been steadily on the wane, they have become mere figureheads, ignorant of Sanskrit and devoid of expository skill. Besides being preachersof Prabandhas, the Cakyarswere hereditary actors of the Sanskrit dramas, which they used to exhibit in accordance with the rules of dramatic art expounded by Bharata. Their acting has been popularly named The dramas or parts of k.d4iydttam. dramas which were ordinarily acted by them were Nagananda, Mantrafika (from the Pratijni-a-yaugandharayana), 5phlikafka and Svapn?ika (from the Svapna-visavadatta), Dhanafjaya, Samvarana, Kalyana-saugandhika, Bhagavadajjuka, and Parna-siliika, ftirpanakhanka,and ASgkavanikafika in Ciaddmani-ndtaka. Neither were performed by the Cakyars Prabandha-preaching nor kf.diyittam else in than the anywhere Temple Mandapa. The important part of their acting consisted of gestures of hands and movements of the body, which might appear crude and nonsensical to the eyes of the
1 The Dravidians used to give the name Prabandha to purely poetical works also, e.g., the Dravidian Veda of the gri Viisrnavas named Nadlyira-prabandham. 2 By name k7ittaccakkayanin Tamil. The existence of these Cdkyars in early times is evidenced in the third part (Vai~jikka1.dam) of the famous Tamil work Gilappadigdram, which mentions these Kfittaccakkayas as acting the kotticcedam episode in the Puri~ic story of Tripura-dahana

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296

P. V. v. s. SASTRI-

civilized artist accustomed to the fashionable movements of the modern stages. It is noteworthy to state here, however, that I have had to fill up a certain lost portion of this manuscript from the memory of a Cakyar. The statements made about the life of NMrayana Bhatta, the author of the present manuscript, by K. VasudEvan Maittatu in the sixth volume of Kjra~la-grantha-mdld,1 and by V. Nagam Aiya in the Travancore State Manual 2 and also by T. Ganapati kastri in the preface to the 18th volume 3 of the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series, all agree as to the time during which he flourished, but differ in many other respects. Narayana Bhatta was a native of South Malabar, at present a British Indian District in South India, and a NambdidiriBrahman, and well versed in the different branches of Sanskrit Literature, such as grammar, astrology, medicine, the VWdas, etc. He was a versatile author. Many works are ascribed to him in various departments of knowledge, including Prakriya-sarvasva (not printed), a treatise on Sanskrit grammar praised even by DIksita, ManaBhatt.ji on Mimamsa (published in the Trivandrum Sanskrit mny6daya, Series), gilpi-ratna, on architecture, Dhatu-kavya, another important work on grammar, NMrayanlya(published in the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series), a devotional poem to Kr.na, and several famous prabandhas such as Rajasiaya, Svaha-sudhakara (published in the Kavya-mala series), Subhadra-harana,Nrga-maksa, etc. Narayana was an author in Malayalam also. Kfittappadakam, Kodiya-viraham and Candrik6tsavam are considered to be his works. The date of his birth is determined by the words Ayur-dr6gyascukhyarm occurring at the end of his Narayaniya, which are believed to indicate the date on which the book was finished. Calculating from this, that kali-dina falls on Sunday, the 23rd Vricika of 763 Malabar era, i.e. apparently in A.D. 1590.
OF NIRXYA NABHATTA. AJAMILAMOKSAPRABANDHA

caturaksaram?va pumsam * NMrayan.ti kaivalyam akalayateti vidhiiya papan nijasutE 'py avas6 yad uktva samkatita.m II l1bhe gatim Ajamilabhuimidaval1 par.m 1 Edition of Company, Trichfir, Cochin.
2

(1)

Mangalbdayarp Part II, Language and Literature. 3 by Ndriyana Bhatta. Niriyaniyam 4 [Pdpatm?-L. D. B.]

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AJAMILA-MOKSA-PRABANDHAOF NARAYANA BHATrA

297

Amanusatapabal6 haripadambuj6 bhaktiman yamadiparisilanad iha nitanta'antantarah Ajamila iti grutas sakalav~da'dstrhrthavid dvijatimakutimainis samudabhfid abhfit6pamah 11 prathitan vidhaya vidhivad dharman grhasthasrami VWd.su nitva kaficana kalam aficitasukham iuirfitsaman6 gurfin I ?kasmin divas? svatatavacasa karmaditfn1 adarad anatum sa samitku'an vanam udfidh6tsdham adhaukata 11

(2)

(3)

madhuraGadyam. Tatra khalu vicitrataratarulatdnikaranirantar? svalpam madhukarajhamkaramukharitadigantar? vanabhyantar api nimittam uddisya kramarahitam analpafi jalpata vinisrastam vastram api nistrapam aganayata aracitabahutaragh6sam akaranam eva hasata prasvaram udgayatantarantara priyahrdayavarjanaya mantharataram ivalapata lilayam adhikal6lkna 161yamdnimgena k~napi hladpib~nadrdhataramdlimgamandmpari'ithilakuntalabhdram madakalitagdnabandhuram viva'ikrtamadavighfir.nital6canam yuvajanahrdantaram pryaj anasapitisamupajitasudhimadhurya~ kuficitamadhumadadvigunikrtamadanavegasamudaficitagharmakanI mudranurigasamudramagnam r6maficakaficukitasakalavayavam abhadraspadabhfitam kdm api ifidrim samadraksit II Sadacarasaktah satatam api dharmaikaniratalh prakrtyd nird6sah pracurataradhdiry6 'pi tarasa sa tiam drstvAivArat smaradaraparipakavisamam avastham apad?kam iha bhuvi kamo na laghayRtII (4) Cittamitasyam prasaktam va'ayitum akhildir &sayatndir agaktalb smrtva tam eva bhfiyahl samajani svasya dharmad viratal dvijanma pitryair anyayalabdhair api dhananivahais t6sayitvd nivdsarm cakr6 tasyah saka8s viharainarasikah manmathandhahl I santatam, (5)

Sadhvim bharyaim svatatam pravayasam anuptatvalambdm athambam tyaktva tatpritihat6r anucitam api cauradikam karma krtva I labdhdir arthair ajasratm pranayavivasadhis tatkutumbam prapusnan nirlajj6 'sav andisid bahusamayam ah6 stripisici matighni I (6)
1 [Karm6citdn ?-L. D. B.] 2 [This use of praya for "toddy" recorded in B.R.-L. D. B.] (cf. Winslow's Tamil Dict.) is not

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298

P. V. V. S. SASTRI-

Tasyam asann atha da a suta bhfisurasyasya daivad hanta antyas agamad Nfirdyan.ti ] iha kim u abhidh.m t.sam piirvadrstair tadiyair Mukundasya yad vd namnam kathayitum idarm duskrtar niskrtitvam vam. Sa tadanu prapya NarayanikhyE 1 ratim akuruta tasmin balak klil61 dasamitva.m aviratam api pasyann asya lilavi'.sam ayam ahaha jadatma m6hasindhumr jagah1 II

II

(7)

(8)

Gadyam. Tatag cantyakal samprapt s6 'pi dussahamarsatibhiEanityantarakt6dvrttambarisasadrkseksan6ditvarasusuksanisphulimgapi atiparusitatamr6rdhvaprasaritani itataraamgitapur6bhaggn gir6ruha akalitajimfltajalan candatarabhujadandamanditamahattamdryamanarmadand.6dbhramananipun.tinisthurttahst.pasphuta alavikatadamstrakarIlan antarantara samudiryamn.itmakrtaduskrtavratan asitavarnan atibhayaimkardn antakakimkaran antik? kificid samdl6kya nirbharabhayave avivaigbhtfitutayab pura balakam Acyutasmrtivasanabalat kridallupam uddigya nijagalarpitapaisvakarsananiruddha vasam vicchinnaksarar. Nardyan.ty

abhap.it

Itthamrvyarthikrt yub sa tu mrtisamaye natum atmanam drad ayatan viksya 16katritayabhayakaran pretarajasya dfitan pfirvasya vasanaya balata iha krt nakapap6 'pi bhfiyah (9) s6ccair Ndrayan.ti svasutam atibhayad ajuhv kulatm 11 Gadyam. Tavad eva namakirtanam ?vamvidham avastham gatasya tasya mukhatalh samupakarnya parikalpitapalaniyadhay6 karakalita aamkhacakragadamahitasusamabharanaramaniyavil6kanab iva parmkaruha mahamerava samullasitacamikaradyutipitambar~h satkavyasandarbha iva varay6sajana mahitagunMlar.mkraparibhasura iva man6haramgaraga ravikaraugha iva d6savasanadrsyamana ma bhaisir iti ma bhaisir iti jaladagh6sagabhiraya gird karuntaramgitair apargapatair api tam ativa harsayantah paramapurusaparsadds tvaritataram abhipatul 11 Tavad ?va caturah pur6 bhuvi caturbhujan urukrpamrtasyandimafijutaramandahasaiiirikrt&khiladigantardn mTnakun.dalakiritahravanamMlyapitavasan6jjvalan nilaniradavil6bhaniyasusamandadarsa Hariparsadan I1 (10)

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OF NARAYANA BHATTA AJAMILA-MOXSA-PRABANDIHA

299

Vikarsatas tatas tipmst? sampasyajdmilamr I gal. vimuficat ti rurudhustarasa Visnuparsadall [

(11)

Atha ruddha Haridfitair Yamabhrtyah kalitavismayas taras (12) viraltarabahumanad Evam av6can gabhirayd vac II kim anye mahant6 KEva yfiyam na dEvalikim u punar upadvah, veskakraprakdral.kathayati bhavatam bhavyatalr divyatalr ca pranan etasya nanavidhaduritavat6 yatanam natukaman asman kasmad idanim arudhata ca vibh6r Dharmarajasya dfitan I1 (13) tE Vaivasvatasya bhrtyanam evamrvacam nisamya I ittham fcur Harer dfita mugdhasmaramukhambujahII (14) Prcchamah sadhu yusman idam akhilavibh6r Dharmarajasya dfitan kidrg dharmasvarfipahkathayata visayah k6 'pi dandasya 16kE sarvE kin nv asya dandya jagati yad aparam kin nu dharmaikanistham yad vd kiin tf nu samyag duritam ahar ah6 yE vitanvanty adharmam 11 (15) Gadyam. Atha t? yathsirutam pratyavadan I Amnayair vihit6 'yam atra bhuvanE dharm6 'nisiddh6 'parailh vEddstE 'pi jagattrayimayatanur devas sa Narayanal. tasmin dharmapathEcarann avisay6 dandasya punyaprabh 1 y6 'nyasmin niratah puman sa tu budhair dandy6 'tra nirniyatm (16) Ayam ca pitardu tyaja svagrhinim ca sadhvi puna .m ramasva kulatayut5 virama dharmatal sviyatal.i prap6saya paradhanarm musaninvaham 2 kutumbakam, kim iha karma iti Ij vinindyam nakar6t kamatural Punar api Haridfita Yamyadfitan avbcan jananasatasahasrair duskrtaughEk#rt 'pi yad iha sakrd anena vyahrtamn nama Visn6r viditam ahaha kin n5 niskrtis tatkrta valh I

(17)

(18)

(1 Should we read punyaprabhor ?-L. D. B.] [2 This is an example of the use of the imperative in lieu of a finite tense kriydsamabhiharj, to denote a series of acts, to which Panini alludes, III, iv, 2.L. D. B.]

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300

AJAMILA-MORSA-PRABANDHAOF NARAYANA BHATTA

dahati ndma Harar abuddhyapy Ninpm agha.m Akhydtamamayam ivausadham agnir Edhal.) punati amnnyabhrtyam akhilam sava HarEstu saha visanayaamalam. lunati I1

(19)

dharmyam ni'amyakulas Ittham tadvacanam gabhiramadhuram, tE VaivasvatakimkadIs sarabhasamr jagmuh svatatintikam I ca sriNarayanaparsadesu gatasv Ambh6janatramita11 (20) svantal sb'pi tapa* carann iha punas cagat svarfipamr Harh. Iti samdptamII Ajimi~lamaksa.m

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