Laboratory Report on Single And Three Phase Motor

EE148 Laboratory, EE Wednesday, 1:00 4:00 2nd Semester S.Y. 2012- 2013

Mindanao State University General Santos City

MELWIN JAY ASTURIAS

March 25, 2013

Introduction

As part of the subject, this laboratory activity will focused on developing the knowledge of the students on how to interconnect contactors, switches, relays, timers and motors. There are total of eight laboratory activities which will focused on different interconnection of the said components depending on the application. The following laboratory activities are the most basic practices that is done in the field of Electrical Engineering. The students should know these basic concepts, that is: function of the contactor, switches, relays and timers. The activities were focused in the interconnection of the said electrical components. Separate diagrams are shown in each section and the detailed methodology will explain how the circuit is interconnected. Purpose is also included which will explain the possible application of the activity. This laboratory compilation will be of great help for those who want know how to set up motors and generators into different configuration. This will serve to them as guide, and reminders for those who forgot of how to do so.

Laboratory Report No. 1

Across the Line Motor Starter (Single Phase)

Introduction

A small motor can be started by simply plugging it into an electrical receptacle or by using a switch or circuit breaker. A larger motor requires a specialized switching unit called a motor starter or motor contactor. When energized, a direct on line (DOL) starter immediately connects the motor terminals directly to the power supply. Reduced-voltage, star-delta or soft starters connects the motor to the power supply through a voltage reduction device and increases the applied voltage gradually or in steps.[2][3][4] In smaller sizes a motor starter is a manually operated switch; larger motors, or those requiring remote or automatic control, use magnetic contactors. Very large motors running on medium voltage power supplies (thousands of volts) may use power circuit breakers as switching elements. A direct on line (DOL) or across the line starter applies the full line voltage to the motor terminals, the starters or cubicle locations, can usually be found on a ELO drawing. This is the simplest type of motor starter. A DOL motor starter also contain protection devices, and in some cases, condition monitoring. Smaller sizes of direct on-line starters are manually operated; larger sizes use an electromechanical contactor (relay) to switch the motor circuit. Solid-state direct on line starters also exist. A direct on line starter can be used if the high inrush current of the motor does not cause excessive voltage drop in the supply circuit. The maximum size of a motor allowed on a direct on line starter may be limited by the supply utility for this reason. For example, a utility may require rural customers to use reduced-voltage starters for motors larger than 10 kW. Sometimes, a direct line starting is used to start small water pumps, compressor fans and conveyor belt.

Materials

Magnetic Contactor (Forward or Reverse) Overload Relay Wires Electrical Tape Single Phase Motor

Wire Stripper On/Off Buttons Power Plug Multimeter

Methodology Control Circuit (refer to Figure 1.1): 1.) Arrange the necessary materials listed above in a table, wide enough to serve as the platform for this activity. 2.) Before starting the interconnection of the wires, make sure that the materials especially the contactor are functioning well. Use the multimeter to check those connection. If you are not that familiar with the connection of the contactor yet, you can also verify of where the normally close or open using multimeter. 3.) For Stop button, connect the first wire into the line one (L1). Connect the second wire into the START button and into the normally open slot (number 13), of the contactor. 4.) The second wire of the START button is connected with NO 14 and A1 of the contactor. 5.) Connect A2 into the normally closed connection of the contactor (number 95). 6.) Lastly. Connect line 2 (L2) into the no.96 of the contactor. Power Circuit (refer to refer to figure 1.2): 1.) Choose arbitrarily your line 1 of the motor and connect it to the L1of the contactor

2.) Select arbitrarily the line 2 of your motor and connect it to the L2 of the contactor. 3.) Lastly, the single phase motor is connected with T1 and T2 each connected to no. 2, and no. 4 respectively. Energizing the motor: 1.) The two-wire power plug is connected to L1 and L2. 2.) Using a multimeter, check the circuit for continuity before supplying A.C. power to the circuit. 3.) Plug in the circuit for starting.

Results and Discussions This is the first experiment we conduct in the laboratory. Most of the materials we use is new to me, specially the contactor and its function. Because of unfamiliarity and lack of exposure to actualization of circuits, it was very hard for us to assemble the circuit. But since it was very interesting, the assembling of the control circuit was done with understanding. The set-up was all about a single phase across the line motor starter. Its mode of operation is: ON the motor starts/runs. OFF the motor stops.

Conclusion Single phase A.C. motor should have a control circuit that comprises a contactor and the overload relay. With this circuit, we can safely operate the motor with two operations namely Start and Stop. Pressing on to run and off to stop.

Laboratory Report No. 2 Across the line motor starter with jogging control, Signals, and alarms (Single Phase)

Introduction Jogging refers to repeated starting and stopping of a motor in short bursts to perform a particular movement such as moving a crane to a particular location. The motor is operated on full power. Special Jogging circuits are available. Inching is similar to Jogging and the two are often confused with each other. Inching involves short thrusts of motion at reduced power. The motor is made to run at a reduced voltage.

Jogging should not be done more than 5 times in a minute. This is because jogging can cause the motor to overheat. If Jogging is to be done frequently, the starter of the motor should be derated. Special Jogging Blocks are also available which prevent the motor from being jogged more than 5 times an hour by logging the number of starts per hour. Basically, the jogging is accomplished by preventing the holding contact from sealing the circuit around the start push button when the motor starter energizes. There are many

different ways to accomplish jogging and one of them is with the use of double acting push button which provides jogging control that runs the motor only as long as the button is pressed. In an electric circuit, there are some indicators such as pilot lamps and buzzers that were used to allow some specific signals to the operator. Pilot lamp is a small light in an electric circuit to show or indicate whether the power is on or whether an electrical device is operating. It is usually connected in parallel with the electrical device. Buzzer is an electronic device that makes a humming or buzzing sound when activated. This is usually used in the circuit as an alarm.

MATERIALS Single Phase Motor Magnetic Contactor Overload Relay 2 START Push Buttons 1 STOP Push Button 3 Pilot Lamps (Red, Green, and Yellow) Screw Driver Buzzer Automotive Wires Electrical Tape Wire cutter Wire stripper Multimeter Power plug

METHODOLOGY Preliminary 1. In a clean and wide table, prepare all the materials needed 2. Check all your materials if they are working properly like the magnetic contactor, relays and switches if they have continuity using your multimeter. 3. After drawing the diagram you may now start in installing the across the line.

Control Circuit: 1. Install the Across the Line control circuits refer to the Lab. 1 procedure.

2. Next connect another wire in the terminal 2 of the STOP button going to the terminal 3 of another START button for your jogging control. Connect also a wire to the terminal 4 of the said START button that is connected to terminal 4 of the other START button. 3. Connect also another wire in the A1 terminal of the contactor attached to one of the terminal of the green pilot lamp. 4. Now connect a two wires at the terminal 1 of the STOP button. The first wire is connected to one of the terminal of the red pilot lamp while the other wire is connected to the yellow pilot lamp and along with it you connect also one of the terminals of the buzzer. 5. Connect a wire to the other terminal of the red pilot lamp that is linked to the NORMALLY CLOSED (NC) terminal labeled 15 of the contactor and then you connect also a wire in the NC terminal labeled 16 of the contactor connected to the NC OLR (terminal 95). 6. From the yellow pilot lamp, connect a wire to the to its other terminal along with the other terminal of the buzzer linked to the NO terminal of the OLR labeled no. 97 and then from terminal no.98 of the said device you connect a wire going to the terminal 96 of the OLR. 7. Lastly, you connect a wire from the terminal 96 of the OLR reserved for the Line 2.

Power Circuit (refer to Figure 1.2): 1. L1 of the control circuit is connected to the no.1 (L1) of the contactor and to one of two wires of the power plug. And also connect the reserved connections for L1 and L2. 2. Then, the L2 of the control circuit may be either connected to no.3 (L2) or to no.5 (L3) of the contactor depending on your choice. Connect with them also the other wire of the power plug.

3. Finally, the T1 and T2 of the single phase motor are connected to the no.2 and no.4 of the contactor, respectively.

Energizing the motor: 1. Review the connections of your circuit, and then check for the continuity of the circuit. If discontinuity happens, try to review and troubleshoot your circuit. 2. After verifying the continuity, the circuit can now be connected to an A.C. power source to start the operation.

Results and Discussion The no. 2 laboratory activity allows us to have a control to a jogging operation in starting a motor as well as applying signals and alarm to the circuit to indicates certain condition. And these conditions are as follows: a) The motor will run when the ON button is pressed. b) The motor will stop when the OFF button is pressed. c) The motor will run for as long as the ON button for jogging is pressed. d) The motor will stop when the OFF push button is pressed after some quite time that it has been pressed. e) The red pilot lamp will light up when the f) The green pilot lamp will light up when the g) The yellow pilot lamp will light up when an overloading occurs. h) The buzzer will drone when an overloading is detected. The activity at first looked or encounter seems difficult or complicated to install as you study it carefully it, there are perceptions on how to comply these conditions. Along with the provided materials and the established circuit diagram, the conditions were satisfied after it has been implemented in the circuit.

Conclusion

From the definition of jogging motor starter in the introduction of this activity, we found out that this configuration is useful when we are about to start the motor or to test the motor if it is ready to use. This is also to align the parts before running and establishing initial torque on the motor since its primary acts is starting a motor with a short jabs of power at full voltage. Also in a control circuit having signals and alarms is not really imperative but it is more advantageous to have them as they be responsible for easy recognition of the circuit at any state like if an overloading occurs in the circuit, the buzzer will automatically alarm and the operator will be aware. Laboratory Report No. 3 Time Delay Relay with Signal and Alarm

Introduction Some relays are constructed with a kind of "shock absorber" mechanism attached to the armature which prevents immediate, full motion when the coil is either energized or deenergized. This addition gives the relay the property of time-delay actuation. Time-delay relays can be constructed to delay armature motion on coil energization, de-energization, or both. Time-delay relay contacts must be specified not only as either normally-open or normally-closed, but whether the delay operates in the direction of closing or in the direction of opening. Electronic timers have become increasingly popular in industrial applications for they have better repeat accuracy, are less expensive, can be set for a greater range of time delays, and perform many multiple timing functions. They are available in various case styles and are designed to plug into eight- or eleven-pin tube sockets which is advantageous because it is easy to replace when the electronic timer fail.

Materials Electronic Timer Relay 2 indicator lamps Buzzer Analogue multimeter Connecting wires Pliers and cutters Star and flat screwdrivers Electrical tape Power plug

Procedure Control and Power Circuit (see Figure 3.1): 1. Check the connections of the materials especially the lamps, buzzer and the power plug if they are operating properly with the use of multimeter. Refer to the manual of electronic timer relay for the actual operations. 2. Terminal no. 2 and 7 of the timer will be connected across LINE 1 & 2 (L1 and L2). 3. Terminal no. 1 and 4 will be in series with an indicator lamp. The combination will be connected across L1 and L2. 4. Terminal no. 1 and 3 will also be in series with the parallel connection of another lamp and buzzer. The whole combination will be connected also across L1 and L2. 5. L1 and L2 will be connected to the power plug. Energizing the circuit: 1. Review the connections of the circuit, and then check for the continuity of the circuit. Test the circuit by connecting the terminals of the power plug to a multimeter. Initially there must be no continuity since the whole circuit is not energized at all. If a full continuity (0 ohms) reading happens, it means that something is shorting line 1 and 2 of the circuit and is dangerous if energized. 2. After verifying the consistency of the circuitry, it can now be connected to a single phase A.C. power source to start the operation.

Results and Discussions The basic operation of the circuit is of two settings. First, if the timer is energized, the zone including the lamp in series with terminal no. 4 of the relay will also be energized. After some time which is set by adjusting the controls of the timer, the previous zone will be deenergized. With these a second zone comprising the buzzer and another lamp will then be energized. The setting will maintain its operation as long as the timer is energized.

Conclusion Electronic timers have become popular in industrial applications for several reasons. They generally have better repeat accuracy, are less expensive, can be set for a greater range of time delays and may perform multiple timing functions. Electronic timers use some type of electronic circuit to accomplish a time delay. Timers intended for use only as on-delay timers are generally designed to plug into an eight-pin socket. Electronic timers must have power connected to them in order to provide a time delay. Electronic on-delay timers are not problematic because their time delay starts when power is applied.

Laboratory Report No. 4 Forward and Reverse Operations (Single Phase)

Introduction Typical motor starting is done by using one magnetic contactor (either forward or reverse). There are also some variations in its control circuit like the addition of signals and alarms or having the jog operation but under these circumstances, the motor is running unidirectional. For instances where one wanted to reverse the direction of the motors rotation, an interlock system in introduced. A reversing starter can connect the motor for rotation in either direction. Such a starter contains two DOL circuitsone for clockwise operation and the other for counter-clockwise operation, with mechanical and electrical interlocks to prevent simultaneous closure. For three phase motors, this is achieved by transposing any two phases. Single phase AC motors and direct-current motors require additional devices for reversing rotation. Materials Magnetic Contactors (Forward and Reverse) Overload Relay Wires Electrical Tape Wire Stripper Forward, Reverse ,Off Button Power Plug Multimeter Single Phase Motor

Methodology Preliminary 1. Prepare all the materials needed. 2. Check all your materials if they are working properly like the magnetic contactor, relays and switches if they have continuity using your multimeter. 3. Next is draw the schematic diagram for the control circuit in a clean sheet of paper, which will serve as your guide later as you install. (See Figure 4.1) 4. After drawing the diagram you may now start in installing the across the line.

Control Circuit: 1. First select between your two contactors which is used for forward operation and which is for reverse. 2. Next, connect a wire on both terminal of STOP button,1 wire for terminal 1 and 3 wires for terminal 2, let the wire at terminal 1 be reserved for the Line 1 supply (L1) while the 2 wire at terminal 2 be linked to the terminal 3 of the START button for the forward action and to the NO terminal of your forward contactor (labeled no.13). 3. Also connect a wire in the NO terminal no. 14 of your forward contactor going to the NC terminal of the reverse contactor (labeled 21) to serve as your interlock. Then from terminal 22 of the reverse contactor you connect a wire that is linked to the A1 of the forward contactor. 4. Now connect the remaining wire at the terminal 1 of the STOP button to the other terminal 3 of the other START button for the reverse along with another wire that is connected to the NO terminal (labeled as no. 13) of the reverse contactor. 5. Next you connect a 2 wire at the terminal 4 of the START button of the reverse then let one wire connect the terminal 4 and the NO terminal 14 of the reverse contactor while the other wire is linked to the NC terminal 21 of the forward contactor. Then from terminal 22 of the reverse contactor you connect a wire that is going to the A1 terminal of the reversed contactor.

6. Now, connect a wire on both A2 terminal of the two contactors and then connect these wires to the NC terminal n0. 95 of the OLR. 7. Lastly, connect a wire at the terminal 96 of the OLR for the Line 2 side (L2).

Power Circuit (refer to Figure 4.2): 1. L1 of the control circuit is connected to the no.1 (L1) of the contactor and to one of two wires of the power plug. And also connect the reserved connections for L1 and L2. 2. Then, the L2 of the control circuit may be either connected to no.3 (L2) or to no.5 (L3) of the contactor depending on your choice. Connect with them also the other wire of the power plug. 3. Finally, the T1, T2 and T3 of the three phase motor are connected to the no.2, no.4, and no. 6 of the contactor, respectively.

Energizing the motor: 1. Review the connections of your circuit, and then check for the continuity of the circuit. If discontinuity happens, try to review and troubleshoot your circuit. 2. After verifying the continuity, the circuit can now be connected to an A.C. power source to start the operation. Be careful in performing these operation

Results and Discussions Reversing a single-phase motor was very challenging because it is like working two single motor starters into one. But since the circuit has been followed thoroughly, the motor was able to function according to its set-up. Its mode of operation is: Forward the direction of the turn is clockwise. Reverse the direction is counter- clockwise Off the motor stops

When the forward button is pressed, the motor runs in clockwise direction. While running, an attempt to press the reverse direction was done. But the button was hard enough to be pressed and it is because of the interlock system of the control circuit. Conclusion The interlocking system plays a vital role in control systems like in plants, etc. For instance, the motor is running in a clockwise direction. An unauthorized person accidentally played with buttons and pushed the reverse button. We may think that the motor will immediately reverse its rotation. But because of this so-called interlocking system, undesired states are prevented so as to say that if the system is in its present state, it cant be changed until stopped before reversing its operation. In most applications an interlock is a device used to help prevent a machine from harming its operator or damaging itself by stopping the machine when tripped.

Laboratory Report No. 5 Forward and Reverse Operations (Three-Phase)

Introduction Typical motor starting is done by using one magnetic contactor (either forward or reverse). There are also some variations in its control circuit like the addition of signals and alarms or having the jog operation but under these circumstances, the motor is running unidirectional. For instances where one wanted to reverse the direction of the motors rotation, an interlock system in introduced. A reversing starter can connect the motor for rotation in either direction. Such a starter contains two DOL circuitsone for clockwise operation and the other for counter-clockwise operation, with mechanical and electrical interlocks to prevent simultaneous closure.For three phase motors, this is achieved by transposing any two phases. Single phase AC motors and direct-current motors require additional devices for reversing rotation.

Materials Magnetic Contactors (Forward and Reverse) Overload Relay Wires Electrical Tape Wire Stripper Forward, Reverse ,Off Button Power Plug Multimeter Three-Phase Motor

Methodology Preliminary 1. Prepare all the materials needed. 2. Check all your materials if they are working properly like the magnetic contactor, relays and switches if they have continuity using your multimeter. 3. Next is draw the schematic diagram for the control circuit in a clean sheet of paper, which will serve as your guide later as you install. (See Figure 4.1) 4. After drawing the diagram you may now start in installing the across the line.

Control Circuit: 1. First select between your two contactors which is used for forward operation and which is for reverse. 2. Next, connect a wire on both terminal of STOP button,1 wire for terminal 1 and 3 wires for terminal 2, let the wire at terminal 1 be reserved for the Line 1 supply (L1) while the 2 wire at terminal 2 be linked to the terminal 3 of the START button for the forward action and to the NO terminal of your forward contactor (labeled no.13). 3. Also connect a wire in the NO terminal no. 14 of your forward contactor going to the NC terminal of the reverse contactor (labeled 21) to serve as your interlock. Then from terminal 22 of the reverse contactor you connect a wire that is linked to the A1 of the forward contactor. 4. Now connect the remaining wire at the terminal 1 of the STOP button to the other terminal 3 of the other START button for the reverse along with another wire that is connected to the NO terminal (labeled as no. 13) of the reverse contactor. 5. Next you connect a 2 wire at the terminal 4 of the START button of the reverse then let one wire connect the terminal 4 and the NO terminal 14 of the reverse contactor while the other wire is linked to the NC terminal 21 of the forward

contactor. Then from terminal 22 of the reverse contactor you connect a wire that is going to the A1 terminal of the reversed contactor. 6. Now, connect a wire on both A2 terminal of the two contactors and then connect these wires to the NC terminal n0. 95 of the OLR. 7. Lastly, connect a wire at the terminal 96 of the OLR for the Line 2 side (L2).

Power Circuit(refer to Figure 4.2): 1. L1 of the control circuit is connected to the no.1 (L1) of the contactor and to one of two wires of the power plug. And also connect the reserved connections for L1 and L2. 2. Then, the L2 of the control circuit may be either connected to no.3 (L2) or to no.5 (L3) of the contactor depending on your choice. Connect with them also the other wire of the power plug. 3. Finally, the T1, T2 and T3 of the three phase motor are connected to the no.2, no.4, and no. 6 of the contactor, respectively.

Energizing the motor: 1. Review the connections of your circuit, and then check for the continuity of the circuit. If discontinuity happens, try to review and troubleshoot your circuit. 2. After verifying the continuity, the circuit can now be connected to an A.C. power source to start the operation. Be careful in performing these operation.

Results and Discussions The set-up was the same except that the power circuit is more complicated because it contains 3 lines. Its mode of operation is: Forward the direction of the turn is clockwise. Reverse the direction is counter- clockwise

Off the motor stops When the forward button is pressed, the motor runs in clockwise direction. While running, an attempt to press the reverse direction was done. But the button was hard enough to be pressed and it is because of the interlock system of the control circuit. Conclusion The interlocking system plays a vital role in control systems like in plants, etc. For instance, the motor is running in a clockwise direction. An unauthorized person accidentally played with buttons and pushed the reverse button. We may think that the motor will immediately reverse its rotation. But because of this so-called interlocking system, undesired states are prevented so as to say that if the system is in its present state, it cant be changed until stopped before reversing its operation. Interlocks also serve as important safety devices in industrial settings. But in some field like in motor starting, they are often just switches.

Laboratory Report No. 6 Sequence Control

Introduction Sequence control is the type of method by which starters are connected so that one cannot be started until the other is energized. The control circuit of the second is wired through the maintaining contacts of the first starter. As a result, the second starter is prevented from starting until after the first starter is energized. The stop button or an overload on any motor will stop all motors with this method. Sequence control is used by such machines as hydraulic presses that must have a high pressure pump operating before it can be used, or by some air conditioning systems that require that the blower be in operation before the compressor starts. Time delay relays are similar to other control relays in that they use a coil to control the operation of some number of contacts. Their difference is that the contacts of the time delay relay changes their position when the coil is energized or de-energized after the set time. Electronic timer is one of the devices that provide time delay in a circuit. Materials 2 Single Phase Motor 2 Push buttons Automotive Wires Electrical Tape Wire cutter Screw Driver Electronic timer Wire stripper 2 Magnetic Contactor Overload Relay Multimeter Power Plug

Methodology Control Circuit (Figure 6.1): 1. Check the connections of the materials especially the magnetic contactor, overload relay, push buttons, and the power plug if they are operating properly with the use of multimeter. 2. Connect wires to the two terminals of the STOP button and label the terminals as (a) and (b). Then connect terminal (b) to terminal (c) of the START button along with the Normally Open (N O) no.13 of the main contactor (M1), andits Normally Close (N C) no. 21. And the other terminal of the STOP button will be reserved for the LINE 1 (L1). 3. The terminal (d) of the start button is connected to N O no.14 of the main contactor and N C no. 21 of the other contactor (M2). 4. The N C no. 22 of M2 is connected to the A1 of the M1 along with the no. 2 pin of the electronic timer. 5. The no. 7 of the electronic timer is connected to its no. 1 along with the A2 of M1. 6. The no. 4 pin of the electronic timer is connected to its no. 3 pin, N O no. 14 of M2 and N C no. 95 of the M1. The N C no. 96 of the M1 is reserved for LINE 2 (L2). 7. The N O no. 13 of M2 is connected to the no. 1 of the electronic timer and A2 of the M2. 8. The A1 of the M2 is connected to the N C no.22 of the M1. Power Circuit (Figure 1.2): 1. Two Single phase motors are connected in parallel. 2. L1 of the power circuit is connected to the no.1 (L1) of the contactor and to one of two wires of the power plug. And also connect the reserved connections for L1 and L2.

3. Then, the L2 of the power circuit may be either connected to no.3 (L2) or to no.5 (L3) of the contactor depending on your choice. Connect with them also the other wire of the power plug. 4. Finally, the T1 and T2 of the single phase motor are connected to the no.2 and no.4 of the contactor, respectively. Energizing the motor: 1. Review the connections of your circuit, and then check for the continuity of the circuit. If discontinuity happens, try to review and troubleshoot your circuit. 2. After verifying the continuity, the circuit can now be connected to an A.C. power source to start the operation.

Results and Discussion The sequence control forces motors to start or stop in a predetermined order. The mode of operation of the circuit is to start the first motor and after the set time, the first motor will stop and then the second motor will start. The second motor cannot be started without energizing the first motor. The laboratory exercise no. 6 allows the student to determine one of the applications of the time delay relay, more specifically the use of electronic timer. Using electronic timer is one of the several methods in order to achieve sequence control.

Conclusion Sequence control allows two motors not to operate simultaneously but one after the other. One motor must be energized before the other motor will start after the set time. This type of control is required whenever the auxiliary equipment associated with a machine must be operating before the machine itself can be operated safely. Time delay relay is often used for setting a time when the first motor will stop and the second motor to start its operation.

Laboratory Report No. 7 Across the Line Motor Starter With Two Push Button Stations (Three Phase)

Introduction Across the line motor starter is not only limited to a start-stop push button but instead it requires sometimes more than one start-stop push button for more desirable and convenient usage. When a motor needs to be started or stopped or simply controlled from more than one location the across the line motor starter control circuit can be reformed to add second STOP and START buttons in order to be controlled in other location. When adding a STOP button, it will generally be a normally closed component and be connected in series with the existing STOP push button. Multiple push button stations can provide some emergency stops. It is also used control conveyor motor on large shipping and receiving freight docks.

Materials Three Phase Motor 4 Push buttons Automotive Wires Electrical Tape Wire cutter Screw Driver Wire stripper Magnetic Contactor Overload Relay Multimeter Power Plug

Methodology Preliminary 1. Prepare all the materials needed. 2. Check all your materials if they are working properly like the magnetic contactor, relays and switches if they have continuity using your multimeter. 3. Next is draw the schematic diagram for the control circuit in a clean sheet of paper, which will serve as your guide later as you install. 4. After drawing the diagram you may now start in installing the across the line.

Control Circuit (refer to Figure 7.1) 1. Connect wires to the terminals of the first STOP button and connect its terminal (b) to the terminal (c) of the second STOP button. The terminal (a) of the first STOP button is reserved for the LINE 1 (L1). 2. The terminals (e) and (g) of the two START buttons are connected to the terminal (d) of the second STOP button along with the Normally Open (N O) no. 13 of the contactor. 3. The terminals (f) and (h) of the two START buttons are connected to the N O no. 14 of the contactor along with the A1 of the contactor. 4. The A2 of the contactor is connected to the Normally Close (N C) no. 95 of the contactor. 5. Finally, N C no. 96 of the contactor is reserved for the LINE 2 (L2).

Power Circuit (refer to Figure 1.2): 1. L1 of the control circuit is connected to the no.1 (L1) of the contactor and to one of two wires of the power plug. And also connect the reserved connections for L1 and L2. 2. Then, the L2 of the control circuit may be either connected to no.3 (L2) or to no.5 (L3) of the contactor depending on your choice. Connect with them also the other wire of the power plug.

3. Finally, the T1, T2 and T3 of the three phase motor are connected to the no.2, no.4, and no. 6 of the contactor, respectively.

Energizing the motor: 1. Review the connections of your circuit, and then check for the continuity of the circuit. If discontinuity happens, try to review and troubleshoot your circuit. 2. After verifying the continuity, the circuit can now be connected to an A.C. power source to start the operation.

Results and Discussion The first experiment on A.C. Motor Control Laboratory was unsurprisingly difficult. Because of unfamiliarity and lack of exposure to actualization of circuits, it was very hard for us to assemble the circuit. But since it was very interesting, the assembling of the control circuit was done with understanding. The set-up was all about a single phase across the line motor starter. Its mode of operation is: ON the motor starts/runs. OFF the motor stops.

Conclusion A single phase A.C. motor has its control circuit which mainly comprises the two main parts, the contactor and the overload relay. By this simple set-up, we can be able to operate a motor with 2 operations namely Start and Stop. Pressing ON, makes the motor run while pressing OFF makes the motor stop.

Laboratory Report No. 8 StarDelta Motor Starter (Three-Phase)

Introduction Star-Delta Starter Starting Method is a starting method that reduces the starting current and starting torque. The components normally consist of three contactors, an overload relay, and a timer for setting the time in the star-position (starting position). The motor must be delta-connected during a normal run, in order to be able to use this starting method. The received starting current is about 30 % of the starting current of during direct on line start and the starting torque is reduce to 25 % of the torque available at a direct on line start. This starting method only works when the application is light loaded during the start. If the motor is too heavily loaded, there will not be enough torque to accelerate the motor up to speed before switching over to the delta position. When starting up, the load torque is low at the beginning of the start and increases with the square of the speed. When reaching approximately 80-85 % of the motor rated speed the load torque is equal to the motor torque and the acceleration ceases. Applications with a load torque higher than 50 % of the motor rated torque will not be able to use the star-delta starter. Time relays are constructed with a kind of "shock absorber" mechanism attached to the armature which prevents immediate, full motion when the coil is either energized or deenergized. This addition gives the relay the property of time-delay actuation. Time-delay relays can be constructed to delay armature motion on coil energization, de-energization, or both. Time-delay relay contacts must be specified not only as either normally-open or normallyclosed, but whether the delay operates in the direction of closing or in the direction of opening. The following is a description of the four basic types of time-delay relay contacts.

Materials 3 Magnetic Contactors (Main, Delta, and Star)

 Methodology

Overload Relay Wires Electrical Tape Wire Stripper On/Off Button Power Plug Multimeter Three-Phase Motor Timer Relay

Control Circuit (refer to Figure 8.1): 1.) Using a multimeter, check the connections if they are functioning properly. 2.) Reserve one wire of the OFF button to Line 1 (L1) while the other one is connected to Start and NO 13 of the main contactor (A1 and A2). 3.) The other wire of the Start Button is connected to NO 14 of the main contactor which is connected to 4 branches. 4.) First branch is to the main contactor. 5.) The second one is to a NC Delta contactor which is then connected to the Time Delay Relay device (2 and 7). 6.) Third, is to TR-TO then through a NC Delta contactor and then to the Star Contactor (A1 and A2). 7.) Lastly to the TR-TC and a NO of the Delta contactor, then to a NC Star Contactor until to the Delta Contactor (A1 and A2). 8.) Finally, the branches will be connected to the overload relay which then its no. 96 be its Line 2 (L2).

Power Circuit (refer to figure 8.2): Energizing the motor: 1.) The three-wire power plug is connected to L1 and no. 1, L2 and no. 3, and no. 5. 2.) Using a multimeter, check the circuit for continuity before supplying A.C. power to the circuit. 3.) Plug in the circuit for starting.

Results and Discussions In the star-delta starting method, the wiring connection from the supply source to the motor is connected from star to delta connection. The motor is started in star configuration and then is transferred to the delta configuration, allowing the full voltage to be applied to the motor during its running so as to get the full load torque output. With star, the motor takes 3 time less voltage.

Conclusion The Star-Delta Motor Starter is very complicated but it yields the least power quality problems compared to the across the line motor starter set-up. Also transferring from wye to delta configuration is somewhat done mainly to achieve maximum voltage for the load. The voltage applied to the individual motor windings is therefore reduced by a factor of 13 = 0.58 this connection amounts to approximately 30% of the delta values. The starting current is reduced to one third of the direct starting current. Also the timer relay plays an important role in switching from wye configuration into delta mode.