INANDINA SEM I CORTE II FULL NAME_________________________ _____________ Geology Worksheets and Activities Geology is the study of the planet

earth - also called Earth and environmental sciences Geologist study minerals, rocks, mountain formation, earthquakes and even tsunamis. 1. Explanation: These words describe the three types of processes through which materials come to make up rocks. Question: Rocks are broken up into three major groups: A: magma, metamorphic, and minerals B: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary C: sedimentary, sand, and igneous D: sand, mud, and silt 2. Explanation: The word igneous comes from the Latin word, "ignis" which means fire. The magma that forms igneous rocks rises to the Earth's surface. Magma comes up through volcanoes and vents, bubbling out and cooling to form the Earth's crust. Question: Rocks that come out of volcanoes form the greater part of the Earth's crust. These rocks are: A: igneousrocks B: basalt C: metamorphicrocks

D: granite 3. Explanation: it shows that chalk and limestone are made up of compacted sediment. In this case, the sediment is made of bits of organic matter. The bits are deposited on top of one another. They eventually become a solid. Chalk and limestone are made up of the remains of animals. They are: A: bothveryhard B: pebbles C: sedimentaryrocks D: conglomerates 4. Explanation: Gneiss, slate, and marble are all types of metamorphic rocks. : Each type of igneous and sedimentary rock is transformed into a different type of metamorphic rock when it heats up. From deep within the earth molten magma bubbles up, heating rocks that surround it. This process turns igneous and sedimentary rocks: A: gneiss B: slate C: marble D: metamorphicrocks 5. Explanation:Bedrock is called "parent rock" when the soil overlying it comes from the same material. Bedrock can be composed of many different types of materials, not just limestone or granite. This is the name of the solid rock beneath the soil: A: extrusive rock

B: limestone C: bedrock D: granite 6. Explanation: Mud, silt, and sand are not used as fuels. Also, they are not all glassy. They do not all come out of volcanoes. Mud, silt, and sand are all: A: glassy B: sediments C: fossilfuels D: in clouds that come out of volcanoes 7. Explanation: The coal we mine today mostly comes from ferns and river or swamp plants that grew during the Carboniferous period about 300 million years ago. Later these plants sank into the Earth and became compacted. they are formed coal deposits. Matter that has become solid. Unlike limestone, coal is made up of: A: plantfossils B: shells C: insects D: dinosaurs 8. Explanation: it shows how igneous rocks form. Coarse grained rocks are coarse because they cool slowly at great depths. Fine grained rocks are fine because they cool fast at surface level. A good example of an extrusive fine grained rock is obsidian. Coal is a sedimentary rock made up of organic

You can group igneous rocks by the sizes of grains in them. Coarse grained rocks are ____ and fine grained rocks are ____. A: intrusive; extrusive B: crystals; minerals C: volcanic; metamorphic D: intrusive; only made of silica 9. Explanation: diamonds are made of carbon. Quartz and aluminum are types of minerals. Kimberlite is the rock in which diamonds occur most often. Diamonds, like many rocks that come from natural resources, are made of compressed: A: quartz B: aluminum C: carbon D: kimberlite GEOLOGY The Earth is made up of multiple differentiated layers of material. The density and composition of these materials varies with depth.

The interior structure of the Earth is layered in spherical shells, like an onion. These layers can be defined by either their chemical or theirrheological properties. The Earth has an

outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of Earth's internal structure is based on observations of topography andbathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanic activity, analysis of theseismic waves that pass through the Earth, measurements of thegravity field of the Earth, and experiments with crystalline solids at pressures and temperatures characteristic of the Earth's deep interior. Rivers, oceans, winds, and rain runoff all have the ability to carry the particles washed off of eroding rocks. Such material, called detritus, consists of fragments of rocks and minerals. When the energy of the transporting current is not strong enough to carry these particles, the particles drop out in the process of sedimentation. This type of sedimentary deposition is referred to as clasticsedimentation. Another type of sedimentary deposition occurs when material is dissolved in water, and chemically precipitates from the water. This type of sedimentation is referred to as chemical sedimentation. A third process can occur, wherein living organisms extract ions dissolved in water to make such things as shells and bones. This type of sedimentation is called biogenic sedimentation. Thus, there are three major types of sedimentary rocks: Clastic Sedimentary Rocks, Chemical Sedimentary Rocks, and Biogenic Sedimentary Rocks. Classification - Clastic sedimentary particles are classified in terms of size Name Size Loose Consolidated of Range Sediment Rock

Particle Boulder >256 mm Cobble 64 256 mm Gravel Gravel Conglomerate or Breccia (depends on rounding)

Pebble 2 - 64 Gravel mm Sand Silt 1/16 - Sand 2mm 1/256 Silt - 1/16 mm <1/256 Clay mm

Sandstone Siltstone

Clay

Claystone, mudstone, and shale

The formation of a clastic sedimentary rock involves three processes: 1. Transportation - Sediment can be transported by sliding down slopes, being picked up by the wind, or by being carried by running water in streams, rivers, or ocean currents. The distance the sediment is transported and the energy of the transporting medium all leave clues in the final sediment that tell us something about the mode of transportation. 2. Deposition - Sediment is deposited when the energy of the transporting medium becomes too low to continue the transport process. In other words, if the velocity of the transporting medium becomes too low to transport sediment, the sediment will fall out and become deposited. The final sediment thus reflects the energy of the transporting medium. 3. Diagenesis - Diagenesis is the process that turns sediment into rock. The first stage of the process is compaction. Compaction occurs as the weight of the overlying material increases. Compaction forces the grains closer together, reducing pore space and eliminating some of the contained water.

21. ____________________ 22._____________________ LEARN THE OIL DRILLING RIG PARTS 23._____________________ 24._____________________ http://www.purposegames.com/game/oil-rig-drilling-rig-quiz/info 25._____________________ 26._____________________ 27._____________________ 28._____________________

OIL DRILLING RIG

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