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The document summarizes recent research on the molecular control of cellular structure in the vascular cambium. The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem through cell division and differentiation, enabling continued growth in plants. While knowledge of molecular regulation in apical meristems is more advanced, new insights have improved understanding of the vascular cambium. These include findings that primary and secondary meristems share regulatory mechanisms controlling stem cell balance and differentiation.
Description originale:
Indeterminate growth and the production of new
organs in plants require a constant supply of new cells. The
majority of these cells are produced in mitotic regions
called meristems. For primary or tip growth of the roots and
shoots, the meristems are located in the apices. These apical
meristems have been shown to function as developmentally
regulated and environmentally responsive stem cell niches.
The principle requirements to maintain a functioning
meristem in a dynamic system are a balance of cell division
and differentiation and the regulation of the planes of cell
division and expansion. Woody plants also have secondary
indeterminate mitotic regions towards the exterior of roots,
stems and branches that produce the cells for continued
growth in girth. The chief secondary meristem is the
vascular cambium (VC). As its name implies, cells
produced in the VC contribute to the growth in girth via
the production of secondary vascular elements. Although
we know a considerable amount about the cellular and
molecular basis of the apical meristems, our knowledge of
the cellular basis and molecular functioning of the VC has
been rudimentary. This is now changing as a growing body
of research shows that the primary and secondary meristems
share some common fundamental regulatory mechanisms.
In this review, we outline recent research that is
leading to a better understanding of the molecular forces
that shape the cellular structure and function of the VC.
The document summarizes recent research on the molecular control of cellular structure in the vascular cambium. The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and p…