CLAUSES OF REASON (1) Combine the following single sentences so as to produce complex sentences with clauses of cause/reason.

Try to use a different conjunction in each example: 1. A lot of men in particular die of heart disease, so they ought to be warned. 2. The money hadnt been paid into his account. Therefore, he couldnt buy the video recorder. 3. People often overeat, therefore they put on weight. 4. There was an earthquake. Hence, the building collapsed. 5. You are being so difficult. Accordingly, I withdraw my offer. 6. He was related to a member of the government. Therefore, he was making a pile of money. 7. He missed his flight. The reason was that he was caught in a traffic jam. 8. Mr. Brown and Mr. Blair know how feeble so many of their arguments are. There is, therefore, a real chance that self-respect will force them to change their policy positions. 9. I was told they could not help as I had not been unemployed for 13 weeks. This resulted in my being unable to attend the interview and hence the possibility of gaining employment was missed. 10. The telephone was not working, thus he could not call his employer. (2) Transform the following clauses of result in clauses of cause in such a way that the resultant clauses of cause have the same meaning as the clauses of result, for example: You are not having anything else, so you can have two of everything. Since you are not having anything else, you can have two of everything. 1. I didnt know much about it, so he briefly explained what needed to be done. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. You always have to write them in a slight code so people dont know exactly what you are talking about. _________________________________________________________________________ 3. They dont value human life so they are killing each other foolishly. _________________________________________________________________________ 4. She was working so she could not pick him up at the airport. _________________________________________________________________________ 5. She is deaf so she cannot have heard us. _________________________________________________________________________ (3) Complete the sentences with adverbial clauses of reason/cause. Try to use a different subordinator in each one of them. 1. The match was called off ______________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________, we have cancelled our holiday. 3. Ill have to write her ________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________, there is no point in giving it a try. 5. I could answer all the questions ____________________________________ (4) Both time and cause clauses reduce to -ing non-finite clauses and this fact may be confusing. Read the following sentences about the right-todie issue. If the relationship expressed is time, write a T, and if it is a cause write a C. Then write the full form of the sentences. 1. Being comatose, Ann Smith was unable to make her own decisions. 2. Not wanting to keep their daughter on a respirator, Karens parents persuaded the court to allow them to make decisions for their daughter. 3. Treating a 56-year-old woman with Alzheimers disease in 1990, Dr. Johnson devised what the press called a suicide machine, which would allow the patient to end her own life. 4. Taking a poll on this topic, The National Hemlock Society found that 58% of the people they polled believed that a physician should be allowed by law to end the life of a terminally ill patient. 5. Hoping to avoid a long and drawn-out illness that would cause a great deal of suffering for their family, many people are signing living wills.

(5) Complete the sentences with adverbial clauses of PURPOSE or REASON. 1. Shops should display the full price of any sale goods _______________________ (Purpose) 2. I just wanted the money ___________________________________________ (Reason) 3. He is prepared to sacrifice his happiness _____________________________ (Purpose) 4. I woke up last night _______________________________________________ (Reason) 5. He arranged for the taxi to come at six __________________________ (Negative Purpose). 6. We decided to leave _________________________________________ (Negative reason). 7. John arrived early at the station __________________________________ (Negative Purpose). (6) Combine each pair of sentences in a single complex sentence containing a reason clause. Try to use a different subordinator each time. 1. We didnt have class. The teacher was absent. ______________________________________________________________________ ___ 2. The children were hungry. There was no food in the house. _________________________________________________________________________ 3. The bridge is closed. We cant drive to the other side of the river. _________________________________________________________________________ 4. My car did not start. The battery was dead. _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Larry and Patty laughed hard. The joke was very funny. _________________________________________________________________________ 6. I opened the window. The room was hot. _________________________________________________________________________ 7. The water in the river is polluted. We cant go swimming. _________________________________________________________________________ 8. My watch was broken. I got late for my job interview. _________________________________________________________________________ 9. All the banks will be closed on Monday. It is a holiday. _________________________________________________________________________ 10. She has had to use crutches. She had an operation on her foot. _________________________________________________________________________ 11. I wonder what he'll do next. He has finished his exams. _________________________________________________________________________ (7) Match a sentence from the first group (1-4) with one from the second group (a-d) with a similar meaning and add as if or because (depending on the meaning expressed). Example: Id love to go out more, but I havent had much free time lately ( e) 1. It is more expensive to eat in a restaurant, but I dont like to cook. (.) 2. If I wanted to avoid doing something, I pretended to be ill. (.) 3. The cost of meat is higher now, but I dont eat it, so my food bill hasnt increased. (.) 4. No matter what the discussion is about, noone ever pays attention to my suggestions. (....) a. _______________________ I am a vegetarian, I am spending less than other people these days. b. I