YONSEI UNIVERSITY School of Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials, spring 2013 MEU2600

Solution to Problem Set #1

Problem 1 (15 points):

Determine the resultant of the forces and couples acting on the beam shown. In other words, replace the forces and couples by a single force. Locate the single resultant force on the beam.

We define a x-y coordinate with a reference point A. The x and y, components of the resultant force are R x = 0, R y = 3 7 5 = 9N The moment of the resultant couple is determined by summing the moments of the forces and the moments of the couples. MA = 30 7(5.5 + 3) 5(5.5 + 3 + 1.5 + 2) 14 = 30 59.5 60 14 = 103.5Nm Therefore, the resultant force-couple system at point A is R = 9N & MA = 103.5Nm R = 9N MA = 103.5Nm

A The resultant force & couple system can be replaced by a single resultant force. Since the moment at A is negative. R must be moved to the right from point A. R = 9N A d

d is calculated by |MA |/R = 11.5m

Problem 2 (15points): Two smooth uniform spheres (each

mass m, radius r) are supported by two smooth surfaces as shown. Derive the expressions exerted on for the the reactions at being contact spheres

points A, B, and C in terms of the angle of inclination (g : gravitation acceleration) Consider the two spheres as a single body. Because the surface of the sphere is smooth, only a normal force is concerned at point A,B,C Free-body diagram D A FA mg B FB mg To be equilibrium, Fx = 0 FA sin + FB sin Fc = 0 Fy = 0 FA cos +FB cos 2mg = 0 Also, the moment at point E should be zero. ME = 0 mg 2r cos FA 2r = 0 From , Equation becomes mg cos cos + FB cos 2mg = 0 2mg 2 FB = mg cos = mg ( cos ) cos cos From Using , FC = FA sin + FB sin = (FA + FB ) sin FC = (mg cos + mg ( = mg (cos +
2 cos

y FC x

FA = mg cos

cos )) sin

2 = mg ( sin ) = 2mg tan cos

2 cos ) sin cos

In summary,

2mg tan mg cos 2 mg( cos ) cos Problem 3 (20points): When the resultant couple vector M is parallel to the resultant force R, the resultant is called a wrench. Replace the two forces acting on the frame by a wrench. Write the moment associated with the wrench as a vector and specify the coordinates of the point P in the y-z plane through which the line of action of the wrench passes. Note that the force of magnitude F is parallel to the x-axis. are unit vectors in the x , y , z axis. i , j, k At point 0 , = F(i 3k ) R = F = Fi 3Fk ) Fi = Fak + 2aFj = Fa(2j k ) M0 = (aj + 2ak z = R z P in y-z plane (0,y,z)

R is not parallel to M. We need to seek a moment with the same direction to R

x Unit vector of R= M0 = M 1

R
1 10

M0 ) (i 3k

) + rop R (i 3k 10 1 ) = M ) + (yj + zk ) F(i 3k ) Fa(2j k (i 3k 10 M ) + (Fyk + zFj 3Fyi) = (i 3k =( i

M 10 10 M 10

3Fy) i + zFj (

3M 10

+ Fy) k

z (, R M y

3Fy = 0 M = 310Fy

, )

j 2Fa = zF z = 2a Fa = 3M + Fy 10F(ay) = M k
10 3

y=

a , 10

z = 2a ,

M=

3 10

Fa = 0.949Fa

Problem 4 (20points): Find a free-body diagram of the structure below and determine the reactions at the supports for the structure.

FBD y 98kN Ax 1.5 A Ay Fx = 0 A x = 0 6 B By 0.3 x

= + . = + = . = . (. + . ) = . . = = . From , In summary, Ax = 0 Ay = 2.94KM. (or 2.94kN ) By = 12.74kN Problem 5 (30 points): During an engine test on the ground, a propeller thrust T=3000 N is generated on the 1800kg airplane with mass center at G. The main wheels at B are locked and do not skid; the small tail wheel at A has no brake. Compute the percentage change n in the normal force at A and B as compared with their engine -off values. At engine-off , T = 0, W = 1800kg 9.8 = 17.64kN By = 9.8 Ay = 9.8 + 2.94 = 12.74KN

4 Ay W

0.8 By

Bx

 Fx = 0 Bx = 0 F y = 0 A y + By W = 0 A y + By = W 0.8 MB = 0 Ay 4.8 + W 0.8 = 0 = W = 2.94kN 4.8 In summary, Bx = 0, Ay = 2.94kN, By = 14.7kN

At engine-on T = 3000N = 3kN, W = 1800kg 9.8 = 17.64kN

12

1.4 4 Ay 0.8 W By Bx

Fx = 0 T cos 12 Bx = 0 Bx = T cos 12 = 2.93kN Fy = 0 Ay + By W + T sin 12 = 0 By = W T sin 12 Ay

MB = 0 Ay 4.8 + W 0.8 (T cos 12 1.4 + T sin 12 0.8) = 0 Ay = 1.981kN From equation , By = 15.03kN

Percentage change of normal force at A and B % at A = ( 1.981 2.94 ) 100 = 32.6% 2.94

15.03 14.7 % at B = ( ) 100 = 2.2% 14.7 In summary, a normal force at A decreases 32.6% and a normal force at B increases 2.2%