Government of India

BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE

Beam Technology Development Group Accelerator & Pulse Power Division Mumbai-400085- INDIA

High Power Pulsed Electron Accelerators Development for Industrial Applications

Dr. Archana Sharma
Email : arsharma@apsara.barc.ernet.in

Topics Covered
Expertise of BARC in Pulsed Accelerators PRESENT STATUS OF KALI-5000 SYSTEM (0.8-1 MV, 80 kA, 60 ns) 1.5 MV, 25kJ MARX GENERATOR 1MV, 5kJ, 100ns CASTOR OIL BLUMLEIN 1 MV SF6 SPARKGAP SWITCH GENERATION OF INTENSE RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAMS (REB) UTILIZATION OF REB for Flash X-Rays, HPM & Neutrons.

BARCs EXPERTISE
10000 1000 KALI-75 KALI-200 KALI-1k KALI-5k

Since 1970s,

Pulse Power Systems have been 100 Indigenously Developed by APPD, BARC
10

*KALI-75, 375kV, 2kA, 180ns; 1 *KALI-85, 780kV, 4kA, 60ns; 1970*KALI-200, 300kV, 15kA, 60ns; *KALI-1000, 300kV, 20kA, 100ns, *KALI-5000, tested up to 600kV, 40 GW, 100ns,

1980-

1990-

2000-

LIA-200, 200kV, 5kA, 100ns, 10-100Hz under commissioning To make the system compact and repetitive, Consistent efforts are being made.
* KALI: Kilo- Ampere Linear Injector

Schematic of KALI-5000 Pulsed Accelerator 1MeV electron beam pulse

Photograph of the KALI-5000 PULSED Accelerator (0.8-1MV, 80kA, 100ns, 5kJ)

KALI-5000 SYSTEM (0.8-1MV, 40kA, 100ns, 40GW)

Blumlein MARX GENERATOR

Diode end

Vacuum System

HVDC Supply

Roots Pump SF6 gas

Principle of Marx Generator

VC R A1 A1 R A2 A2
CS

R A3 A3
CS

RAN CS CS SN R BN CN

CHARGING POWER SUPPLY

T R IG

S1 R B1

C1

S2
R B2

C2

S3
R B3

C3

B1

B 2 RL

B3

(a )

S C H E M A T IC C IR C U IT O F M A R X G E N E R A T O R
LS S Co N RL t (b ) E Q U IV A L E N T C IR C U IT (c ) O U T P U T P U L S E S H A P E Vo

Operation of Marx Generator

A )W H IL EC H A R G IN G:
M O D U L E -1 R C H + + 5 0 k V Ra R A 2 R A 3 A R A 1 3 R A 1 4 M O D U L E -5 RA15 A

H V D C C H A R G IN G P O W E R S U P P L Y
G N D

C 1 RG 1 T R IG .

C 3 RG2 S 1 T R IG . C 2

C 5 R G 3 S2 C 4 S 3
6

C25 G RG13

C27 R G 1 4 S 1 3 C 2 6

C 2 9 R G 1 5 G S 1 4 C28 S 1 5 C 3 0 B

-5 0 k V

RCHRB1 RB2
R B 3

RB13

RB14

RB15

Operation of Marx Generator

B) WHILE DISCHARGING :
S1 C1 C2 FIRST MODULE S2 C3 C4 C5 S3 C6

RL 10 C7

S4 C8 C9

SECOND MODULE S5 S6 C10 C11 C12

S13 C 25 V-PROBE C 26 C 27

FIFTH MODULE S14 S15 C 28 C 29 C 30

Assembly of Marx Modules

NYLON ROD SPARK GAP PERSPEX SHEET P L A S T IC C A P A C IT O R S 0 .7 m F , 50kV PERSPEX CLAMP C H A R G IN G R E S IS T O R S

SUPPO RT TROLLEY FO R M O DULES

M A R X G E N E R A T O R F O R K A L I-5000

PHOTOGRAPH OF THE FIRST MARX MODULE (END VIEW)

Photograph of the

Assembled Marx Modules 1.5MV, 25kJ

PULSE FORMING LINE

(PFL)
2-electrode PFN
Inner electrode
V c Rc

Dielectric Medium
S
L O A D

Zo

V o= 1V c 2

DESIGN EQUATIONS OF PFN MODULE Characteristics Impedance, ZOM = (L /C )1/2

Outer electrode

FAST SPARKGAP

OUTER CYLINDER ER2 Z 23

INTERMEDIATE CYLINDER

INNER CYLINDER

-1MV 100ns

Pulse,TOM = 2n (LC )1/2 Rise Time, tr = 0.3 (LC)1/2 Energy, EM = nC (VC)2

r
E R1 Z 12

From High Voltage Pulse Generator

V 0 -1MV

500ns

LENGTH-L

MATCHED LOAD CHARGING Z L = 2 Z 0 INDUCTOR WHERE Z = Z =Z 0 23 12

Output Voltage, VOM = VC

THREE ELECTRODE CO-AXIAL BLUMLEIN

End View of The Blumlein Sparkgap and Prepulse Inductor

Results of KALI-5000

High Voltage PULSE Generator (Marx/Tesla Transformer)

Pulse Forming Line Water/oil filled

H.V.Switch REB diode/ (spark gapse-GUN N2/SF6 filled)

Marx Output Peak Voltage = 600kV. Charging time = 500ns. Scale: 200kV/div, 500ns/division

E- Beam current Imax = 71kA at 600kV. FWHM = 100ns.

Scale: 20kA/div., 20ns/division

Relativistic Electron Beam REB Generation

CATHODE DIODE GAP
FO IL ANODE

CATHODE

SO L IN O ID C O IL S

PULSE POW ER S Y S TE M
IN SU L A T O R

EXPANDING CATHODE PLASMA

B E A M T R A N SPO R T R E G IO N ELECTRON VACUUM BEAM

ELECTRON BEAM

EXPANDING ANODE PLASMA

FOIL ANODE

Virtual Cathode Oscillator (VIRCATOR)

V IR T U A L CATHODE ANODE CATHODE
P U LS E POW ER SYSTEM

H PM

VACUUM

VACUUM W IN D O W

~ 1GW

HPM weapons offer military commanders the option of:

(i) Speed-of-light, all-weather attack of enemy electronic systems (ii) Area coverage of multiple targets with minimal prior information on threat characteristics (iii) Surgical strike (damage, disrupt, degrade) at selected levels of combat (iv) Minimum collateral damage in politically sensitive environments (v) Simplified pointing and tracking (vi) Low operating costs

Backward Wave Oscillator BWO-HPM device

TARGET
M A G N E T IC F IE L D C O IL S ANODE CATHODE
PULSE POW ER SYSTEM

SLO W W A VE STR UC TU RE

HPM

VACUUM SLO W W AVE STRUCTURE M A G N E T IC F IE L D C O IL S

VACUUM W IN D O W

Efficiency: 20%

5 MW

Beam Plasma Device For HPM generation

ANODE PLASMA

CATHODE

PULSE POWER SYSTEM

VACUUM VACUUM WINDOW

HPM

Wide BW~100GHz, Low Efficiency

TARGET

Flash X-Rays
8R/pulse

For a successful dynamic radiography, (i) If higher the velocity of the moving object, smaller duration of the X-ray flash will be needed. (ii) Blurr produced on the stop motion radiography = VxT for an object moving with velocity V & X-ray pulse duration T

FLASH X-Ray Generation

INSULATOR BODY ANODE INSULATOR BODY X

PULSE POWER SYSTEM

ANODE

VACUUM INPUT PULSE

CATHODE CATHODE X-RAY FLASH PROFILE SECTION AT X -Y

APPLICATIONs of FXR:
(i) Radiography of radioactive sources: 8Ci Ir-192 source radiographed (KALI-200) (ii) Imaging the impact of projectile in or on a target, (iii) Imaging an explosively driven object during acceleration (iv) Observing the mechanics of detonation

Flash X-Ray Generation

Flash X-ray from KALI-75

Normal X- ray Photograph of water drops

Collective Ion Acceleraion

ANODE CATHODE
PULSE POWER SYSTEM

VIRTUAL CATHODE

e
IONS

_
IONS

VACUUM
ION SOURSE

CROSS MAGNETIC FIELD

CONCLUSIONS

AN ELECTRON BEAM OF 600kV, 70kA, 100ns has been produced. HPM ~1GW POWER, for shielding applications. FLASH X-RAYs for deeper & faster radiography ION IMPLANTATION for various Industrial Applications

THANK YOU