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SCOPE

Swan neck radiators can be used in PT and LPT transformers. This calculation can be used for 24 flutes 520 mm width radiators of all lengths. II OBJECTIVE

To explain the cooling system calculation procedure in a step by step process using swan neck radiators. III TOOLS

1. Microsoft Excel 2. Microsoft Word

IV

PROCEDURE

Open the excel sheet and go to sheet named Radiator and fan calculation and follow the next steps.(Verify Appendix A)

1. - TANK DETAILS

Input the details of the inside dimensions of length, width, and height of the tank. In the cell E5 & E6 you have to input the number of sides (either 1 or 2) of length and width which is dissipating heat respectively. As the inputs are given tank area dissipating heat & loss dissipated by the tank will be calculated by the excel program. Tank area dissipating heat (TA) (m^3) = {[(L+W)*2H] + [(L*W)/2]}/10^6 Where: L, W and H = Length, Width & Height of the tank respectively. (All dimensions in mm)

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2.- LOSS CALCULATIONS

Here our objective is to calculate the amount of loss which is to be dissipated by the radiator. Here you have to input the maximum loss which is to be dissipated at ONAN stage. The maximum loss refers to loss calculated at minimum tapping position. As the input is given, loss to dissipated by the radiator are automatically calculated by the excel program. TW = (TA * TOR * 10) Where: TW = Tank dissipation in watts TA = Tank area dissipating heat (m^3) TOR = Top oil rise (c) LR =TL - TW Where: LR = Loss to be dissipated by radiator (w) TL = Total loss at ONAN stage at minimum tapping position. (W)

3. - WINDING CENTRE (WC)

Here our objective is to calculate the winding centre line from bottom of the tank to calculate thermal head. Thermal head is the difference in height between radiator centre line and the winding centre line. The distance between the bottom of the winding and the tank is the sum of maximum blade length, bottom clearance and the clearance between HV to yoke. When all the inputs are given winding centre line from bottom of the tank is automatically calculated by the excel program. WC = MB + Y + BC + (CH/2)

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Where: MB = maximum blade (mm) Y = clearance from yoke to HV winding (mm) BC = bottom clearance (mm) CH = coil height (mm)

4. - TEMPERATURE VALUES

In this table all parameters are inputs. Oil temperature and winding temperatures are customer specified. Maximum gradient is the maximum of value of HV or LV gradients. This values and TOR values are to be given by the electrical engineers. 5- RADIATOR DETAILS:

This is the final calculation part of the program. In D12 you have to input the total number of radiators to be used. In E12 you have to input the maximum number of radiators in one length side. This is to calculate the horizontal distance between 2 radiators thereby calculating horizontal correction factor (KH). NOTE: The usual practice is placing radiators in the length side of the tank. If x is the total number of radiators then x/2 numbers of radiators are placed in each side of the tank. But if bus
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ducts, cable box or other accessories are placed in one length side it is not possible to equally place the radiators in 2 length sides. Radiator tube - tube height (R TT) (mm): This is the distance between the top and bottom radiator mounting tubes in the tank. Extra ht in case of swan neck (SN) (mm): This is the swan neck centre to centre height in case you are using swan neck type of radiators.

Actual radiator length(R CC)(mm) = Radiator tube - tube height (without swan neck) Actual radiator length(R CC)(mm) = Radiator tube - tube height + Extra ht in case of swan neck (with swan neck)

Radiator centre to bottom (RC) (mm): This is the distance between the radiator centre line to the bottom of the tank .We are calculating this to calculate the thermal head as we discussed earlier. RC = MB + Y + BC + (R CC/2) Thermal head (mm): Thermal head is the difference in height between radiator centre to coil centre. TH = (RC - WC) Vertical, horizontal and elements correction factor: All these valves are available in excel sheet named correction factors. (Verify Appendix D) Vertical correction factor (KV): This is automatically calculated by the excel program. This factor varies directly with respect to thermal head. Horizontal correction factor (KH): To give this input you have to consult with the mechanical designer to give the horizontal distance between 2 adjacent radiator tubes, because you have to consider the horizontal and vertical stiffeners on the length side of the tank wall. NOTE: Always try to maintain a distance greater then 785 mm for better efficiency in cooling and thereby cost reduction. KH = 1 for horizontal distance > 785 mm (refer correction factors excel sheet) Number of fins correction factor (KN): As you give the inputs the program automatically calculates the final number of fins required for each radiator.refer cell D24 and input the value from the list of the cell D20.

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Wattss dissipated/Rad section: As you input the values of Radiator tube- tube height (mm)(D13),. Extra ht in case of swan neck (D14) and TOR (H15) , this value (D21) will be automatically calculated by the excel program.(refer dissipation data sheets excel sheet). (Verify Appendix c) NOTE: Total No of fins calc, No. of. fins/rad calc, Final sections / radiator, Total No of sections Final are automatically calculated by the program. Final sections / radiator = round up (No. of. Fins / rad. calc) + 1: The additional fin for each radiator is due to factor of safety. Radiator banks: You have to input the number of radiators banks in the transformers. This value is just for reference and it is nothing to do with the calculation.

6.- FAN CALCULATION

Total ONAF Loss (at minimum tap) (W): Here our objective is to calculate the amount of loss which has to be dissipated by the fan. Here you have to input the maximum loss which is to be dissipated at ONAF stage. The maximum loss refers to loss calculated at minimum tapping position. Fan capacity (m3/hour): This cell (H19) is a list type which contains 2 values. 1.- 7900 m3/hour 2.- 10450 m3/hour Enter the type of fan according to your design. No. of fans final is the round up value of No. of fans calculated. Both are automatically calculated. Subsidary fans: Enter the number of subsidiary fans required for your design.

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7. - X/A RELATION:

This relation helps us to check the cooling efficiency of the system. No specific inputs required, as all values are automatically taken from already given inputs. Cross check the results with the table named CONDITIONS FOR X/A RELATION.

8. RESULTS:

Radiator specification required and fan specifications required for the design are automatically generated. NOTE: Take a print out of this excel sheet and save in design file for future reference.

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APPENDIX A:

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APPENDIX B

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APPENDIX C:

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APPENDIX D:

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APPENDIX E:

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