TechProgram Dallas13

2013 ASHRAE Winter Conference
Jan. 2630 M Dallas, Texas
Technical Program
Tracks
Energy Conservation Facility Management: Operations, Technology and Energy Improvements HVAC Fundamentals and Applications HVAC&R Systems & Equipment Industrial & Transportation Ventilation Large Building Design Refrigeration Standards, Guidelines and Codes
PHOTO: DCVBClay Coleman
Technical Program
Conference Paper Sessions will be finalized and the program numbered and posted online by Oct. 6
Preliminary
Sunday, Jan. 27 8 a.m.9:30 a.m.

Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m.9:30 AM
CONFERENCE PAPER SESSION (INTERMEDIATE)

Advances in Performance and Efficiency of Air Conditioning Systems
Track: HVAC&R Systems & Equipment
Sponsor: 08.11 Unitary and Room Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Chair: Vance W. Payne, Ph.D., Member, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD
Air conditioning systems affect a variety of aspects of building performance, from energy efficiency to IEQ. Methods and models to improve energy efficiency, IEQ and system performance are presented. These papers illustrate how new materials for component construction and use of modern refrigerants affect performance of air conditioning systems.
A method employing the simultaneous solution of two linear fits is used to determine the rated cooling capacity and seasonal energy efficiency ratio, SEER, of outdoor unit and indoor unit air-conditioner combinations not previously tested as a complete system. The information presented here outlines the formulation of this method, verification of the method, and application of the method to produce ratings. For the examples presented here, the calculated cooling capacity and SEER ratings were within 3 % and 5 %, respectively, of manufacturer test data. This method applies to split system residential air-source unitary air conditioners and heat pumps. The outdoor section is characterized by a singlespeed compressor with single-phase, electric power usage. The rated cooling capacity of the highest sales volume combination used in obtaining the ratings of the mixed system must be less than 19 050 W (65 000 Btu h-1). This method does not apply to systems employing multi-speed compressors or using a load following control strategy (e.g., cylinder unloading, hot-gas bypass). Volume Optimization of Polymer Tube-Bundle Heat Exchangers in Air-Heating Applications
Lingjun Meng, Student Member1 and Anthony M. Jacobi, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1, (1)University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL

Innovative Energy Efficiency Strategies for Commercial Buildings
Track: Energy Conservation
Chair: Michael Deru, Ph.D., Member, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
Commercial buildings are among the largest energy consumers in North America. This can be especially true for retail spaces. Several innovative strategies for minimizing energy consumption are presented along with case studies identifying the use of these strategies. Comparisons with DOE initiatives and ASHRAE standards, including 90.1, are included.
High Efficiency Retrofit Lessons for Retail From a Supertarget
Rois Langner, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
Grocery stores and restaurants represent two of the most energy intensive commercial building types. Some stores combine these two building types under one roof creating a challenging combination of space and system types. However, these buildings also represent tremendous opportunities to explore and demonstrate a variety of efficiency measures. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recognized this potential and formed the Commercial Building Partnership (CBP) program to work with select companies in retail and commercial real estate to explore and implement energy savings measures across a large market. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory partnered with Whole Foods Market under the CBP program to design and implement a new store in Raleigh, North Carolina. Manitoba Hydro Place: Energy Efficiency 2.0
Mark Pauls, P .Eng.1, Alexander Knirsch2, Tom Akerstream1 and Thomas Auer2, (1)Manitoba Hydro, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, (2)Transsolar Energietechnik GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany
Performance Improvement of a Roof Top Air Conditioning Unit by Refrigerant Circuitry Optimization
David Yashar, Ph.D., P .E., Member, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD
In this study, we demonstrated the performance improvement achieved by optimizing an evaporators refrigerant circuitry using evolutionary algorithms. The system used in this study was a Roof Top air conditioning Unit (RTU), which was designed to have a capacity of 7.5 tons. The RTU has a single air-to-refrigerant evaporator but consists of two split cycles having separate compressors, condensers, and thermostatic expansion valves (TXV). Generalized Performance Maps for Variable Speed Residential Heat Pumps (DA-13-C006)
Simbarashe Nyika, Student Member1, Seth O. Holloway, Student Member1, James Braun, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1 and Travis Horton, Ph.D., Member1, (1)Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Tube-bundle heat exchangers are widely utilized in gas-to-gas and gas-to-liquid applications, and interest remains high in improving the efficiency of these heat exchangers. Due to excellent resistance to fouling and corrosion, polymer heat exchangers have been mainly applied under extreme working conditions, where such concerns are important. Recently, however, there has been interest in using polymer heat exchangers as a substitute for conventional metallic heat exchangers in more general applications. The present study explores the optimization of bare polymer tube-bundle (PTB) heat exchangers and determines the cost effectiveness of PTB heat exchangers through comparisons to conventional metallic heat exchangers using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Development and Validation of a Mechanistic Model for Variable-Speed Multi-Split Heat Pumps
Howard Cheung, Student Member1, Simbarashe Nyika, Student Member1 and James Braun, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1, (1)Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Retail buildings are responsible for approximately 18% of energy consumed by commercial buildings in the United States. They offer a great opportunity for energy savings because of the similarity between retail stores, and because large companies have the ability to implement successful energy efficiency strategies across their vast portfolio of stores. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recognized this potential and formed the Commercial Building Partnership (CBP) program to work with select companies in retail and commercial real estate to implement energy savings measures. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory partnered with Target under the CBP program to design and implement a retrofit of a SuperTarget in Thornton, Colorado. The result was a retrofit design that predicted 35% energy savings over ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004, and 29% energy savings over the existing store operation. Control Strategy for Minimizing Energy Usage with Economizer and Energy Recovery Systems
Stephen J. Treado, Ph.D., P .E., Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Manitoba Hydro Place, from a demand side, is the most energy-efficient office building in North America. Opened in Winnipeg, Canada in 2009, the 65,000 m, 22 story building was designed using an integrated design process with two key goals: to have the highest quality of space, and to reduce energy consumption by 60% compared to ASHRAE 90.1. These goals have been surpassed even with the challenge of Winnipegs extreme climate; with air temperature ranging from 35C to 35C annually. The intention of this paper is to provide a case study of a project that could represent the future of high performance building design.
SEMINAR (BASIC)
Ask Not What Your Industrial Committee Can Do For You Ask What You Can Do For Your Industrial Committee
Track: Industrial & Transportation Ventilation
Sponsor: 09.02 Industrial Air Conditioning, 5.4, 5.8, 5.9, 9.3, 09.03 Transportation Air Conditioning Chair: Michael Connor, P .E., Member, Connor Engineering Solutions, Alpharetta, GA
This paper discusses a method of generating generic equipment models that capture the performance of families of similar equipment. Mapping was carried out for a family of three similar residential split systems with central air distribution, and the correlations are being implemented as components for an hourly building simulation program. The units mapped ranged from 3 to 5 tons in nominal capacity. The performance mapping predicts the power consumption of the units based on indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, building heating or cooling load and an indoor air flow rate. The equipment models were based on and use a similar approach to the ASHRAE secondary toolkit direct expansion model, the DOE-2 model and EnergyPlus variable refrigerant flow model. Application of a Linear Fit Mixed System Rating Method for Single Speed Unitary Air Conditioners (DA-13-C007)
Vance W. Payne, Ph.D., Member, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD
This paper presents a semi-empirical modeling approach that involves the use of physical representations and parameter tuning to enable predictions of steady-state performance for variable refrigerant flow heat pumps systems that incorporate multiple indoor units having variable-speed fans. The system model is based on the use of semi-empirical component models where parameters are tuned using data. The semi-empirical models are built based on first principles but are simplified to speed up the computation. Deviations of the model from experimental data due to model simplification are corrected by tuning the heat transfer coefficients and charge at the system level with the experimental data. Control algorithms for the electronic expansion valve are also estimated based on experimental observation.
This paper presents a new approach for controlling outdoor air economizer and energy recovery systems based on minimizing total energy input to the HVAC system including chiller, pumps and fans. The method utilizes the performance characteristics of the system components along with the outdoor and indoor air conditions to determine the optimum collection of setpoints and operating conditions. The method is demonstrated for some typical systems over a range of environmental conditions using detailed simulations and representative equipment characteristics. Potential energy savings due to improved control algorithms are presented and discussed. Implications on improved design and optimization of building economizer and energy/enthalpy recovery systems are also summarized. Whole Building Efficiency for Whole Foods
Michael Deru, Ph.D., Member, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
ASHRAEs Industrial and Transportation Committees are concerned with standards, handbook chapters and other publications and programs for environmental systems in industrial facilities. These are among the oldest standing technical committees in our society. Industrial and Transportation facilities also offer the greatest potential for energy conservation and resource conservation. According to the US Department of Energy, the Industrial and Transportation sectors of our economy are responsible for 59% of the total energy consumed in the USA (2010). Being green in this area has always been the custom as it represents good business: it lowers the cost of goods sold and increases the bottom line. This session will introduces ASHRAEs Industrial and Transportation Technical Committees,
Visit www.ashrae.org/dallas for updated conference information.
2013 ASHRAE Winter Conference Technical Program

result of potential regulations limiting the use of existing refrigerants in many types of building equipment. Advantages and disadvantages of several proposed alternatives, including hydrocarbons, ammonia, and CO2 will be discussed along with test results in equipment and heat exchangers.
Evaluation of Alternative Refrigerant Performance in Air to Refrigerant Heat Exchangers
Omar Abdelaziz, Ph.D., Associate Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
their activities and the latest green efforts in these sectors. This sessions also discusses hot button issues facing these committees.
TC 5.8 Industrial Ventilation
Kenneth R. Mead, Ph.D., P .E., Member, CDCNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH
Economics of Low Harmonic Drives

Jim Chmielewski, Member, Emerson Control Techniques, Eden Prairie, MN
A Ground-Coupled Dynamic Wall System for New and Existing Structures

Utpal Roy1 and Lowell Lingo1, (1)Syracuse University - Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse, NY
Sunday, January 27, 11 a.m.12:30 PM
Study of Two Large Building Harmonic Mitigation Cases

Albert Archambault, Mirus International Inc., Brampton, ON, Canada

Designing Automation and Control in HVAC Systems
Chair: Yunho Hwang, Ph.D., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
TC 5.9 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities

Greg Sanchez, P .E., Member, MTA New York City Transit, New York, NY
TC 9.2 Industrial Air Conditioning

Michael Connor, P .E., Member, Connor Engineering Solutions, Alpharetta, GA
TC 9.3 Transportation Air Conditioning

Richard Fox, Member, Honeywell Aerospace, Tempe, AZ
Opportunities for Using Low GWP Refrigerants with Microchannel Heat Exchanger Technology
Chad Bowers, Ph.D., P .E., Member, Creative Thermal Solutions, Urbana, IL
Sunday, 1/27, 9:45 a.m.10:45 a.m.

TECHNICAL PLENARY (BASIC)
Ethical Practice by Engineers
Track: Standards, Guidelines and Codes
Sponsor: 01.07 Business, Management & General Legal Education Chair: Norm Maxwell, P .E., Member, Environmental Air Quality, Great Neck, NY
SEMINAR (INTERMEDIATE)
Diagnosing and Fixing Building Moisture Problems Case Histories From Hot & Humid Climates
Track: HVAC Fundamentals and Applications
Sponsor: 01.12 Moisture Management in Buildings Chair: Steve Cornick, Member, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
High Performance-Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants in Heat Exchangers for Residential Air-Source Heat Pump Systems
Lorenzo Cremaschi, Ph.D., Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
Improving the IEQ in Public School Classrooms
Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy Improvements
Moisture and humidity problems are often a complex mixture of decisions made by different professionals at different times about HVAC systems, architecture and building operations. Untangling the causes of problems and planning solutions requires understanding of the typical interactions between the building and its HVAC systems plus an appreciation of the practical aspects of operating buildings with limited budgets. Case histories presented in this seminar can help building owners and facility managers avoid classic moisture problems and solve them when they occur.
Sponsor: 02.03 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment, SSPC 62.1, Environmental Health Committee Chair: Gerald Lamping, Member, Take Care of Your Classroom Air (TCYCA), Boerne, TX
Diagnosing & Fixing a Major Mold Growth Problem in a Health Clinic

Lew Harriman III, Fellow ASHRAE, Mason Grant, Portsmouth, NH
The Unintended Consequences of the New IGCC (Green Code) On HVAC and Mold Problems in Humid Climates
George Dubose, Member, Liberty Building Forensics Group, Zellwood, FL
There are strong relationships between a school classrooms healthy indoor environment (IEQ) and its student wellness and productivity. The seminar describes why reductions in classroom contaminant levels are needed to create and maintain healthy schools. Arguments for the inclusion of contaminant level measurements in an IEQ improvement program, for reducing the amount of contaminants in a classroom, and for the implementation of a school environmental health program are also discussed. Recent research projects and actual case studies will substantiate the relationship between healthy public school classrooms and student attendance, health and performance.
This Technical Plenary Session will be discussing the day to day concerns that engineers should have regarding their dealings with the owners, contractors, manufacturers and other entities involved in normal communications for design and construction projects. With the advent of the requirement of Professional Development Hours for Professional Engineers, it has been noted by many of the states are requiring topics on ethics. It is anticipated that this session will be an ongoing discussion of ethical concerns at future meetings
Twenty-first century buildings are fully integrated from an automation and control perspective. Concepts of automated design and mechanical system control are fundamental requirements that engineers must incorporate. These techniques must also meet or exceed the modeled characteristics developed through complex simulation. Theory, practical application and case studies provide cutting edge tools for automation and control for engineers designing and retrofitting efficient and modern buildings.
The Concept of Automated Design of Buildings with Case Study Example
Steven Snyder, Associate Member1, Marlin Addison, Member2 and T. Agami Reddy, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE3, (1)Johnson Controls, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, (2)The Design School, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, (3)The Design School/ The School of Sustainability, Tempe, AZ
ASHRAE Policies and Differences with Other Societies

Richard Rooley, P .Eng., Presidential Member, Rooley Consultants, Bucks, United Kingdom
Profession Stamping of Plans and SpecifIcations

Michael Bilderbeck, P .E., Member, Pickering, Inc., Memphis, TN
International Ethics
Farooq Mehboob, Member, S Mehboob, Karachi, Pakistan
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Context on Conduct and Behavior

Earnie Broughton, St. Marys University, San Antonio, TX
Historically, detailed building energy simulation programs have been used to either perform heating and cooling load calculations for HVAC equipment sizing purposes or to predict the whole building annual energy usage for a particular building design. Based on user inputs that describe the building and imported weather data, these software programs simulate the hourly building performance over the course of a year, and provide outputs such as energy usage by end use, utility costs, etc. The intent of an automated design methodology is to use detailed building energy simulation programs in a different manner. This paper describes the concept of automated design and illustrates the approach with a case study example involving a medium sized office building where five design choices are to be analyzed. Water Cooled Chiller Plant Design and Control
Richard Franseen, P .E., Member, Honeywell Building Solutions, Charlotte, NC
Schools As Pediatric Environments

Larry Lowry, Ph.D., The Southwest Center for Pediatric Environmental Health (SWCPEH), Tyler, TX
Sources and Solutions of Classic Moisture ProblemsLessons Learned in Hot & Humid Climates
Raoul A. Webb, P .E., Member, ENVIRON International Corp., Tampa, FL
Research Studies On IEQ in Classrooms

Richard Shaughnessy, Ph.D., University of Tulsa: Indoor Air Program, Tulsa, OK
SEMINAR (BASIC)
Fundamental Pump Selection and Control
Sponsor: 06.01 Hydronic and Steam Equipment and Systems Chair: Julia Keen, Ph.D., P .E., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
School IEQ Sensor Development and Application

John J. Vasselli, The Texas Allergy, Indoor Environment, and Energy (TxAIRE) Institute, Tyler, TX
Sunday, 1/27, 11 a.m.12:30 p.m.

TECHNICAL PAPER SESSION (INTERMEDIATE)
Towards Net-Zero Homes, Contemporary Building Materials to Improve Energy Efficiency
Sponsor: 01.01 Thermodynamics and Psychrometrics Chair: Mike McDermott, Member, Grumman Butkus Associates, Evanston, IL
Elements of EPAs School Environmental Health and IAQ Programs

Stacy Murphy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Region 6, Dallas, TX
Smart Methods to Prevent Electrical Harmonics Problems in Buildings
Track: Large Building Design
Sponsor: 01.11 Electric Motors and Motor Control, 1.9 Electrical Systems, 09.01 Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems Chair: Armin Hauer, Member, ebm-papst Inc., Farmington, CT
This seminar provides a quick review of common centrifugal pump types installed in HVAC systems and how they are selected, operated and controlled. It describes how to read and interpret manufacturers pump curves for a wealth of information.
The author presents a practical and usable engineering solution for the design and control of optimum efficiency water cooled chiller plants. Many established design and control practices will be shown to be inefficient based on engineering and psychrometric principles, and new, simpler, control practices will be explained. The paper uses the basic efficiency characteristics of chillers, cooling towers, and condenser water pumps to optimize design and control based on derivative efficiency, a concept that will be fully explained. The use of the all variable speed chiller plant is fully supported along with the value of primary and secondary chilled water pumping. Uncertainty Propagation for Virtual Sensors Using Combination of Devices Characteristic Curves and Physical Sensor Measurements
Li Song, Ph.D., P .E., Member1 and Gang Wang, Ph.D., P .E., Member2, (1)University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, (2)University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
Centrifugal Pumping and Pump Types

Reddy Palicharla, Aurora Pump/Pentair Water, North Aurora, IL
Building materials play an important role in improving the energy efficiency of buildings. The papers in this session investigate newer technologies and their impact on energy efficiency.
Pump Selection for Open and Closed Loop Systems

Larry Konopacz, Xylem Bell & Gossett, Morton Grove, IL
Differential Pressure Controlled Pumps

Niels Bidstrup, Ph.D., Grundfos Management A/S, Bjerringbro, Denmark, Bjerringbro, Denmark
Heat Exchanger Tests with Alternative Refrigerants
Track: Refrigeration
Sponsor: 08.04 Air-to-Refrigerant Heat Transfer Equipment Chair: Edward A. Vineyard, P .E., Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
Granted, harmonics in electrical systems have caused unforeseen problems. But overly cautious consultants insist on load-side harmonics mitigation devices even when they are not technically necessary and not economically justified. IEEE519 relates to electrical systems, while variable speed drives are just individual pieces in commercial building HVAC&R. This session provides practical guidance for applications of non-linear loads that are grid-operated and loads that are running off standby power supplies. Examples of reliable, economical, standard 6-pulse inverter drives are contrasted against cases that should employ low harmonic drives.
Michael R. Olson, Member, ABB, Inc., New Berlin, WI
Understanding a Potential for Application of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in Building Envelopes
Jan Kosny, Ph.D., Member1 and Elizabeth Kossecka2, (1)Sustainable Energy Systems, Cambridge, MA, (2)Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Parametric Investigation of PCM Thermal Properties on Energy Demand of Buildings in Toronto

M. Ebrahim Poulad, Student Member1 and Alan Fung1, (1)Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
Evaluation of Calculation Models for Predicting Thermal Performance of Various Window Systems
Yuichi Takemasa, Dr.Ing., P .Eng., Member1, Satoshi Togari, Ph.D.2, Katsuhiro Miura, Dr.Ing., Member1, Masahiro Katoh1, Masaya Hiraoka3 and Jun Owada2, (1)Building Environment Group, Kajima Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, (2)Katsuhiro Miura, Tokyo, Japan, (3)Kajima Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
Low global warming potential refrigerants are a recent topic of interest as the
Proper Application of IEEE 519
Airflow and water flow rates are direct indicators of system load conditions, so they are critical variables for dynamically controlling heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems under variations of different load conditions. Due to physical space and/or cost limitations, airflow and water flow rate measurements are not as adequate as needed. Several indirect airflow and water flow measurements using HVAC equipment operational conditions have been developed to solve the challenge. Fans, cooling coils, pumps or control valves are used in the virtual airflow or water flow rate measurements. This paper is drafted to summarize the technical approaches adopted by available virtual airflow and water flow sensors and then to introduce a general uncertainty analysis method to analyze error propagations from all input independent variables to an output depend end variables and compare the uncertainties of different virtual flow meters.
2013 ASHRAE Winter Conference Technical Technical Program Program

SEMINAR (BASIC)
Commercial Kitchen Ventilation: The Design Process (Part 1)
Sponsor: 05.10 Kitchen Ventilation Chair: Richard T. Swierczyna, Associate Member, Food Service Technology Center, San Ramon, CA
Piljae Im, Ph.D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
Foundation Heat Exchangers - Feasible Climates for Utilization

Daniel Fisher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
Integrated Building Energy Retrofits
Sponsor: 07.01 Integrated Building Design Chair: Gregory Dobbs, Ph.D., Member, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, PA
This is the first of two seminars to address the design of commercial kitchen ventilation systems. This seminar presents the overall design process along with best practices for hood selection, filtration and exhaust air quality, duct design and fan considerations, and fire safety and protection.
architects, and designers must ultimately achieve through real designs that work. Unfortunately, it will be challenging and often impossible for many high performance buildings to achieve net zero energy consumption on their own. This seminar highlights the significant value of cost-effective energy efficiency measures, while illustrating the need for more flexibility in determining and implementing energy targets for high performance buildings.
The Role and Limits of Stretch Codes in Reducing Building Energy Consumption
R. Christopher Mathis, Member, MC2 Mathis Consulting Company, Asheville, NC
An Experimental Study of the Performance of New Low Global Warming Potential (LGWP) Refrigerants at Extreme High Temperature Ambient Conditions in Residential AC Ducted Split Systems
Auvi Biswas, Student Member1, Atharva Barve, Student Member1 and Lorenzo Cremaschi, Ph.D., Member1, (1)Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
Hood Selection and Appliances

Derek W. Schrock, Member, Halton Co., Scottsville, KY
Exhaust Air Quality

Russell R. Robison, Member, Gaylord Industries, Tualatin, OR
Exhaust Ductwork, Duct Design, Fan Considerations and Selection

John Clark, P .E., Member, Karges-Faulconbridge, Inc., Minneapolis, MN
Fire Safety and Protection

Michael Morgan, Associate Member, Captive Aire Systems, Allentown, PA
Designing Energy Efficient Ventilation Systems for Transportation Using Jet Fans
Sponsor: 05.09 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities, 05.01 Fans Chair: Greg Sanchez, P .E., Member, MTA New York City Transit, New York, NY
Energy retrofits in small and medium buildings are uncommon because the assessment cost is too high and energy conservation measure predictions are too uncertain. Moving beyond conventional lighting and simple-equipment retrofits yielding 10-20% improvement to achieve gains of 30-50% is not conceivable under current market conditions and without significant proof of performance. This is a highly-integrated problem focusing on modeling, assessment, project delivery, building science, technology integration, controls, public policy, market structures, education, workforce training, business models, capital formation and human behavior. This seminar presents case studies and research on energy savings measures for commercial, institutional and multi-family buildings.
Building 101 Case Study
Richard Sweetser, Member, Exergy Partners Corp., Herndon, VA
Measured Home Performance: Moving Residential Energy Consumption Closer to Net Zero
Analysis of Energy Reduction Opportunities in a High Rise Office Building

Neil P . Leslie, P .E., Member, Gas Technology Institute, Des Plaines, IL
The novel refrigerants described in this paper were investigated as straight drop-in replacements for R410A and the refrigerant charge of each type of fluid was optimized at unit design operating conditions. The two novel developmental refrigerants yielded good COPs and cooling capacities with similar cycle pressures and often lower compressor discharge temperatures. Their charge in the system had to be carefully adjusted for the tests at high temperature ambient conditions. With minor adjustments of the expansion valve of the unit, the refrigeration cycles with the two new developmental refrigerants were optimally controlled and further improvements of the capacity and energy performance were achieved. Air Flow Regimes and Thermal Comfort In a Living Room
Essam E. Khalil, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1 and Esmail ElBially, Ph.D.1, (1)Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Sunday, 1/27, 1:30 p.m.3 p.m.

Advanced Building Modeling
Sponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations Chair: Charles E. Henck, Whitman, Requardt & Associates LLP , Baltimore, MD
Metering, Sub-Metering for Inverse Modeling, a Potential Tool for Risk Reduction in Integrated Building Retrofit Planning
James Freihaut, Ph.D., Member, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
Tunnel ventilation of transportation systems is key for public transport. Equipment used in such systems consume a lot of energy. Furthermore, energy efficiency becomes critical. This seminar presents some critical topics in dealing with the use of jet fans in tunnel ventilation, and how to efficiently design this critical transportation ventilation system.
Building Stock DataUnderstanding the Regions Building Energy Footprint

Scott Wagner, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, PA
Advances in predictive modeling and commissioning have been paramount in energy and operational savings. The most current research on modern, predictive energy modeling including multi-room, 3D and uncommon-shaped spaces along with advances in automated building commissioning are presented.
A computational fluid dynamics model is developed to examine the air flow characteristics of a room with different supply air diffusers. The paper is devoted to numerically investigate the influence of location and number of air supply and extracts openings on air flow properties in a typical seating room. As an input to the fullscale 3-D room model, a 2-D air supply diffuser model that supplies direction and magnitude of air flow into the room is developed. Air distribution effect on thermal comfort parameters was investigated depending on changing the air supply diffusers type, angles and velocity. Air supply diffusers locations and number were also investigated. Performance of Residential Building Energy Models Using Localized Weather Networks
Michael J. Siemann, Student Member1 and Jungho Kim, Ph.D., Member1, (1)University of Maryland, College Park, MD
Moisture Control in Commissioning of New and Existing Buildings
Predicting Annual Energy Use in Buildings Using Short-Term Monitoring: Dry Bulb Temperature Analysis (DBTA) Method
T. Agami Reddy, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE1, Vipul Singh, Student Member2 and Bass Abushakra, Ph.D., P .E., Member3, (1)The Design School/The School of Sustainability, Tempe, AZ, (2)The Green Engineer, Concord, MA, (3)Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI
Efficiencies in Rail Tunnel Ventilation Design From Jet Fans

Mark Colino, P .E., Member, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., New York, NY
Using Variable Frequency Drives in Jet Fan Systems for Tunnel Ventilation
Robert Z. Smith, Member, Innerquest LLC, Dowagiac, MI
Specifications for High Temperature Testing of Fire Life Safety Fans: A Contrast and Comparison
George A. Gamble, P .E., Member, Clarage, Akron, OH
Sponsor: 07.09 Building Commissioning, 04.04 Building Materials and Building Envelope Performance Chair: Mike Eardley, P .E., Member, Cannon Design, Boston, MA
Predicting Annual Energy Use in Buildings Using Short-Term Monitoring: The Hybrid Inverse Model Using Daily Data (HIM-D)
T. Agami Reddy, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE1, Vipul Singh, Student Member2 and Bass Abushakra, Ph.D., P .E., Member3, (1)The Design School/The School of Sustainability, Tempe, AZ, (2)The Green Engineer, Concord, MA, (3)Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI
Customized building energy consumption forecasts can give home owners and building managers the information needed to operate residential HVAC systems efficiently in dynamic environments. Generating forecasts from conventional building energy models often requires extensive investment and computational effort. Necessary energy auditing, construction material measurements, and system monitoring can be difficult to justify for single residential units. Accuracy is also a concern when involving complexities like multiple temperature set points, degrading systems, and changing weather. This work investigates the performance of an energy model simple enough to implement it could break the residential barrier. Energy Analysis of Habitat for Humanity Home Designs
Brandon S. Field, Ph.D., Associate Member1 and Matthew McConnell, Student Member1, (1)University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN
Foundation Heat Exchangers for Low Cost Residential Ground Source Heat Pump Systems
Sponsor: 06.08 Geothermal Heat Pumps and Energy Recovery Applications Chair: Michel Bernier, Ph.D., Member, Ecole Polytechnique De Montreal, Monreal, QC, Canada
Moisture control in the commissioning process is based on project requirements for moisture problem avoidance, building assessment, field testing, and building science. This seminar focuses on the interaction of building systems that affect moisture in buildings and demonstrates important lessons learned by use of case studies.
Providing Moisture Control Solutions in Building Commissioning
Donald Snell, Member1 and George Dubose, Member1, (1)Liberty Building Forensics Group, Zellwood, FL
A Statistical Approach to Detect Abnormal Building Energy Consumption with ABCAT

Guanjing Lin, Student Member1 and David E. Claridge, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE1, (1)Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
The Integration of the Zonal Model POMA into a Dynamic Multi-Room Thermal Model to Improve Heating Energy Demand Prediction
Ahmed Cherif Megri1 and Yang Yao, Ph.D., P .E.2, (1) University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, (2)Institute of Heat Pump and Air Conditioning Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
Foundation heat exchangers (FHX) are an alternative to more costly ground heat exchangers utilized in ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems serving detached or semi-detached houses. FHX are placed within the excavation made for the basement and foundation along with other excavations used for utility trenching. This seminar describes a model and its validation against experimental measurements in two test houses in Tennessee. In addition, the effects of various US climates on the performance of FHX are reported.
The Art and Science of Building Enclosure Commissioning

Fiona Aldous, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., Irving, TX
An Integrated Heat Transfer Attic and MultiRoom Thermal Building Model

Yao Yu1 and Ahmed Cherif Megri1, (1)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m.3 PM
Smoothing Bumps on the Road to Net Zero Energy Buildings Part 1
Sponsor: 02.08 Building Environmental Impacts and Sustainability, 07.06 Building Energy Performance Chair: Ray Patenaude, P .E., Member, The Holmes Agency, Tierra Verde, FL
Habitat for Humanity is a non-profit Christian ministry that provides low-cost homes to low-income families. This paper describes a study done in cooperation with the local Habitat chapter to ensure that the houses that are built have low energy consumption to ease the burden of utility expense on the families. Two of the most popular house designs were modeled in the Trace 700 program to determine how much energy is required for heating and cooling. Modifications to the models were made including: orientation of the house, R-values of insulation in the walls, crawlspace and attic, U-values of the windows, conditioning and unconditioning of the crawlspace and attic, and the set point of the thermostat; the effect of energy usage from each of these modifications is reported.

Advances in Efficient Residential Design
SEMINAR (BASIC)
Commercial Kitchen Ventilation: The Design Process (Part 2)
Sponsor: 05.10 Kitchen Ventilation Chair: Michael L. Watz Jr., P .E., Member, Greenheck Fan Corp, Schofield, WI
Chair: Charles E. Henck, Whitman, Requardt & Associates LLP , Baltimore, MD
Foundation Heat Exchangers Modeling and Validation

Jeffrey Spitler, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
Foundation Heat Exchangers Measurements at Two Test Houses in Oak Ridge, Tennessee
The road to net zero energy is paved with good intentions. Voluntary initiatives, consensus standards, mandatory codes, and government regulations are focusing more effort on setting worthy goals for sustainable buildings that engineers,
From low GWP materials to energy efficiency, the design of residential buildings is advancing quickly. Novel design considerations and simulation analysis of advanced residential design are presented. Considerations including materials, life cycle costs and performance for high end to low income are included.
Second of two seminars addressing the design of commercial kitchen ventilation systems. Designing a ventilation system for a commercial kitchen can present many challenges. Several factors must be considered to make the system as effective and efficient as possible. This seminar

Tools and Methods to Manage Animal Research Facilities for Effective and Efficient Long-term Operations
Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy Improvements of the building enclosure and the designer of the mechanical systems. This seminar explores the complex interactions between the interior environment, mechanical systems, and building enclosures, and demonstrate how mismatching these systems can result in inefficient buildings with low durability and longterm performance.
Heat, Air, and Moisture Migration in Building Enclosures
Alex McGowan, P .Eng., Member, Levelton Consultants Ltd., Victoria, BC, Canada
covers the topics design considerations, HVAC load calculations, and three methods of MUA considerations. In addition, the integration of commercial kitchen ventilation (including commercial kitchen demand-controlled ventilation) into the building HVAC system is discussed. Also presented are impacts of codes, standards, and energy on the overall system design.
The CKV Engineers Perspective: Incorporating the HVAC Load Calculations and the Replacement Air Into Your Overall Design
Francis Kohout, P .E., Member, McDonalds Corp., Oak Brook, IL
Comparison of CFD Simulations of Hospital Operating Room (OR) Air Distribution with Experimental PIV Results
Sheldon M. Jeter, Ph.D., P .E., Member1 and Tyler C. Stevenson1, (1)GWW School of Mechanical Engineering/Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA
An Infared Sphere Method to Measure Mean Radiant Temperature

Christopher Leung, Affiliate1 and Hua Ge, Ph.D., P .E., Member1, (1)Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
Sponsor: 02.02 Plant and Animal Environment, 09.10 Laboratory Systems Chair: Carol Donovan, Associate Member, Sebesta Blomberg & Associates, Woburn, MA
Thermostat Set Point Temperature Prediction Using an Integrated Zonal Model

Yao Yu1 and Ahmed Cherif Megri1, (1)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
Integration of the CKV System with Building HVAC

Don Fisher, P .Eng., Associate Member, Food Service Technology Center, San Ramon, CA
Kitchen Ventilation of Overall System Design - Codes, Standards, Energy Considerations

Michael Morgan, Associate Member, Captive Aire Systems, Allentown, PA
Desiccant Enhanced Air Conditioning
Sponsor: 08.12 Desiccant Dehumidification Equipment and Components Chair: Michael S. Sherber, P .E., Member, The Firma Group, Avon, CT
Animal research facilities and biosafety laboratories present a unique challenge to designers, owners and operators with their inherent complexity of systems, health and safety requirements, regulatory compliance, energy use intensity, and environmental impacts. These mission critical facilities require a unique approach to sustainability and energy saving strategies to ensure maximum system reliability and safe operations. The three papers presented in this seminar provide three perspectives to broaden our understanding of how sustainability options combined with quality facility management achieve effective and efficient long-term operations.
Information Tools for Long Term Sustainability in Labs
James Coogan, P .E., Member, Siemens, Buffalo Grove, IL
Interior Building Environments and Their Impacts On Building Enclosures

Hugo Hens, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Pumping System Bypass Orifice Testing and Analysis

Greg Towsley, Grundfos Pumps Corp., Olathe, KS, USA, Olathe, KS
Monday, January 28, 8 a.m.9:30 AM
Designing Retrofit Systems for Existing Buildings

Sean OBrien, P .E., Member, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Inc., New York, NY

From Predictive to Practice: Air Flow and Energy Studies
Sponsor: 09.11 Clean Spaces, 05.08 Industrial Ventilation Systems Chair: Sarah E. Maston, P .E., Member, Advanced Building Performance, Hudson, MA
Sunday, 1/27, 3:15 p.m.4:45 p.m.

The Road Less Traveled Becomes a Highway: Design-Build Execution of Cleanroom Projects
Sponsor: 09.11 Clean Spaces, TC 7.2 Design Build , 01.07 Business, Management & General Legal Education Chair: E. Mitchell Swann, P .E., Member, MDC Systems, Paoli, PA
Liquid desiccant cooling and dehumidification systems have the ability to provide significant energy savings and superior dehumidification performance over conventional compressor based air conditioning systems. Three different membrane based systems are discussed along with their performance and ability to prevent carryover. A fourth liquid desiccant system based on plastic film finned tubes with wicking surfaces is also discussed.
Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioning
Eric Kozubal, Member, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
ASU Biodesign Institute: Best-in-Class Sustainability and Energy Cost Controls for Research Facilities
Mike McLeod1 and David Rausch, Associate Member2, (1)Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, (2)Phoenix Controls, Andover, MA
Predictive modeling has become vogue for engineers in the 21st century. Implementation of predictive designs must be followed to ensure adequate models. Results providing detailed studies on performance of the built environment based on predictive models are presented.
Cleanroom Pressurization Strategy Update: Quantification and Validation Of Minimum Pressure Differentials for Basic Configurations and Applications (RP-1344)
Wei Sun, P .E., Member1, Keith Flyzik2 and John Mitchell3, (1)Engsysco Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, (2)MicroClean Inc., Bethlehem, PA, (3)Particle Measuring Systems Inc., Boulder, CO
KSUs Operating Assurance Model for Safety and Research Quality

Scott Rusk, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
Ventilation of the Industrial Environment
Sponsor: 05.08 Industrial Ventilation Systems Chair: Gerhard Knutson, Ph.D., Knutson Ventilation, Edina, MN
A Liquid Membrane Air Conditioner

Peter Vandermeulen, Associate Member, 7AC Technologies, Inc., Woburn, MA
A Proof of Concept Model of a Liquid Desiccant Assisted Vapor Compression Air Conditioner
Andrew Lowenstein, Ph.D., Member, AIL Research, Inc., Princeton, NJ
Membrane Energy Exchangers - Raising the Bar of Efficiency

Blake Erb, Venmar CES, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Industrial facilities frequently generate airborne contaminates while adding value in the manufacturing process. To reduce any potential adverse consequence of contaminant release, industrial ventilation has become the mainstay of the engineering controls. This seminar addresses engineering control new industries (nanomanufacturing) and established industries (food and foundry). The seminar also introduces a new tool for design computational fluid dynamics.
Engineering Control Strategies for Nanomanufacturing
Li-Ming Lo, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH
Design-build has been growing in its popularity and frequency of use as a project delivery method; however, there are still some in the industry who remain skeptical about the use of design-build on technically complex projects. Cleanrooms are some of the most challenging HVAC projects you can encounter. This seminar presents a sample of cleanroom projects delivered using a design-build approach. It points out the good points and the challenges in using the D-B approach. It also covers both life science and microelectronics projects as well as offering us a view of project delivery in East Asia.
Design-Build At 10,000 Feet (What Did I Get Myself Into?)
E. Mitchell Swann, P .E., Member, MDC Systems, Paoli, PA
Cleanroom Pressurization Strategy Update: Quantification and Validation of Minimum Pressure Differentials when Using Auxiliary Devices (Part 2) (RP-1344)
Wei Sun, P .E., Member1, Keith Flyzik2 and John Mitchell3, (1)Engsysco Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, (2)MicroClean Inc., Bethlehem, PA, (3)Particle Measuring Systems Inc., Boulder, CO
Analysis of Transient Characteristics, Effectiveness, and Optimization of Cleanroom Airlocks (RP-1431)

Wei Sun, P .E., Member1, Keith Flyzik2, John Mitchell3 and Aashish Watave4, (1)Engsysco Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, (2)Micro-Clean Inc., Bethlehem, PA, (3)Particle Measuring Systems Inc., Boulder, CO, (4)Ansys, Canon, PA
What Academic Institutions Dont Know Will Cost Them

Steve Penson, Austin Commercial, L.P ., Dallas, TX
Energy Efficiency Improvements for a Large Tire Manufacturing Plant

Jeremy Moyer1 and James Mathias, Ph.D., P .E., Associate Member1, (1)Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL
SEMINAR (BASIC)
The First Standards on Legionnaires Disease: Why Cringe When You Can Be Prepared for Proposed Standard 188, Guideline 12 and CTI Guideline and Standard 159
Sponsor: 03.06 Water Treatment, SPC 188, 08.06 Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers Chair: Scott Mayes, LAKOS, Olathe, KS
The View From the Middle Kingdom Executing Design-Build in the China and East Asia Markets
Selina Yi Yin, Shanghai Tofflon-Dehui Cleanroom and HVAC System Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
Engineering Controls in the Flavorings Industry that Focused on the Protection of Workers from Acquiring Popcorn Lung (Bronchiolitis obliterans)
Alberto Garcia, United Boilers, San Juan, PR
Time to Make the Doughnuts - Delivering on Design-Builds Promise in Cleanroom Projects

Michael J. McCoy, Page Southerland Page, LLP , Dallas, TX
Modeling of Proposed Changes to SIUC Central Heating, Air Conditioning, and Power Plant Incorporating Variable Frequency Drives and High Efficiency Turbine
James Mathias, Ph.D., P .E., Associate Member1, Heyin Su1 and Justin Harrell1, (1)Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL
Foundry Application Removal of Triethylamines and Sand Simultaneously

Raoul A. Webb, P .E., Member, ENVIRON International Corp., Tampa, FL
Seismic Certification of Equipment: Code, Analysis and Testing
There are several new standards either published or proposed on Legionnaires Disease. If you have been concerned about how these documents will affect you and your business or operations, this seminar is a must for you. Learn how to make use of these new tools to minimize your legal liability with respect to LD.
Standard 188
William E. Pearson II, Member, Southeastern Labs, Raleigh, NC
CFD Modeling of Ventilation of a Composting Facility

Duncan Phyfe, Alden Research Laboratory, Alden, MA
Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m.3 PM Monday, January 28, 8 a.m.9:30 AM
Monday, 1/28 8 a.m.9:30 a.m.

Development of Fundamentals for HVAC Design and Modeling
What Mechanical Engineers Need to Know about Envelopes for High Performance Buildings
Sponsor: 04.04 Building Materials and Building Envelope Performance Chair: Peter Adams, P .Eng., Member, Morrison Hershfield, Toronto, ON, Canada
Sponsor: 02.07 Seismic and Wind Restraint Design Chair: E. Doug Fitts, P .E., Life Member, Fitts HVAC Consulting, LLC, Sunrise Beach, MO
Guideline 12
Janet Stout, Ph.D., Member, Special Pathogens Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA
What CTI Standard 159 Will Mean to You

Helen R. Cerra, Member1 and Paul Lindahl2, (1) ChemTreat, Inc., Glen Allen, VA, (2)TBA, TBA
High performance building design requires careful coordination between many parties, most notably the designer
Fundamental research is paramount for the development of predictive models and design for HVAC systems. Novel methods for determining fundamental information required for such design and modeling are presented.
The International Building Code and the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard ASCE 7 have directed all manufactured equipment that must continue to function properly after a seismic event be certified for that purpose. The certification can be done by shake table testing of the equipment or by computational analysis. This seminar discusses the requirements of the Building Code and the ASCE 7 Standard and what is involved and required with each method of the certification process.

The ABCs of the IBC Seismic Compliance
Robert E. Simmons, P .E., Member, Petra Seismic Design, LLC, Houston, TX
The Future of Refrigerants: Policy and Technical Considerations
Sponsor: 02.05 Global Climate Change; Co-Sponsor: TC 3.1, Refrigeration Committee Chair: Cynthia Gage, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, EPA, Rtp, NC
Special Seismic Certification Required for Active or Energized Components Per ASCE7 Section 13.2.2
John Giuliano, P .E., Member, The VMC Group, Bloomingdale, NJ
This seminar describes different instances when a traditional load calculation is not the complete description of room heat gain and heat loss. The radiant effect of non-uniform surface temperatures, window blinds and building internal mass shall be discussed.
Load Impacts of Window Shades
Charles S. Barnaby, Member, Wrightsoft Corp., Lexington, MA
Seismic Qualification of HVACR Equipment by Analysis

Dr. Scott D. Campbell, Ph.D., Member, Structural Analysis Consulting Group, Milwaukee, WI
Smoothing Bumps on the Road to Net Zero Energy Buildings, Part 2
Sponsor: 02.08 Building Environmental Impacts and Sustainability, 07.06 Building Energy Performance Chair: Neil P . Leslie, P .E., Member, Gas Technology Institute, Des Plaines, IL
The road to net zero energy is paved with good intentions. Voluntary initiatives, consensus standards, mandatory codes, and government regulations are focusing more effort on setting worthy goals for sustainable buildings that engineers, architects, and designers must ultimately achieve through real designs that work. While it will be challenging for many high performance buildings to achieve net zero energy consumption, innovative designs can help. This seminar explores strategies for smoothing some of the bumps on the road to net zero energy in several specific applications by coupling energy efficiency technology options with on-site, neighborhood, or regional renewable energy solutions.
Trade Secrets for Making Deep Retrofits Work
Kendra Tupper, P .E., Member, Rocky Mountain Institute, Boulder, CO
With the transition from chlorinated compounds to HFCs well underway, the refrigerant market should have settled for the HVAC&R industry. But instead the market seems to be moving towards another transition from HFCs to HFOs or natural refrigerants. What are the international actions giving momentum to these next-generation refrigerants? What are the multiplicity of considerations that are important to refrigerant selection? This seminar addresses the European, US, and international policies which are impacting HFCs, HFOs, and natural refrigerants. It also discusses both technical and environmental factors important to refrigerant selection.
European Experience of CFC, HCFC and HFC Restrictions
Andy Pearson, Ph.D., Member, Star Refrigeration, Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Design Zone Cooling Loads for Radiant Systems

Fred S. Bauman, P .E., Member1, Jingjuan Feng, Student Member1 and Stefano Schiavon, Ph.D., P .E., Associate Member1, (1)Center for the Built Environment (CBE), University of California, Berkeley, CA
energy use and production. First, a case study in Texas is described, including results, with an automatic control system that has been operating a building with ice storage on real-time pricing for the past 4 years. The second presentation details how grid-connected and integrated electric storage space heaters and water heaters, utilizing smart controls, can factor in realtime supply/demand imbalance and other critical needs of the grid.
Using Ice Storage with Real Time Pricing: A Case Study From Texas
Alan Ash, Member, Trane Co., Carrollton, TX
Furniture
Daniel Fisher, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE1 and Edwin Lee, Student Member1, (1)Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
Cost-Effective, Grid-Interactive Thermal Energy Storage Challenges and Lessons Learned in Pilot Trials
Paul Steffes, P .E., Member, Steffes Corp., Dickinson, ND
Monday, January 28, 9:45 a.m.10:45 AM
SEMINAR (BASIC)
Make the Most of Your ASHRAE Experience
Sponsor: Conferences and Expositions Committee Chair: Dunstan Macauley, P .E., Member, TAI Engineers, Owings Mills, MD
Monday, 1/28, 9:45 a.m.10:45 a.m.

Decoupling the Latent Load Through Psychometrics
Sponsor: Student Activities Chair: Joel Primeau, P .Eng., Member, GENIVAR, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Domestic and International Policy for HFCs and Next Generation Refrigerants
Matthew Ritter, Member, Arkema Inc., King of Prussia, PA
Factors Driving Refrigerant Selection

Douglas Reindl, Ph.D., P .E., Member, IRC, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI
SEMINAR (BASIC)
The Potential Unintended Conflicts Between WellIntentioned Codes and the Physics of Hot Water Delivery
Sponsor: 06.06 Service Water Heating Systems Chair: Ben Schoenbauer, Associate Member, Center for Energy and Environment, Minneapolis, MN
Building, Neighborhood, and Regional Energy Efficiency Solutions for Government Buildings
Alexander Zhivov, Ph.D., Member, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Champaign, IL
Building Envelopes: The Final Frontier

Ray Patenaude, P .E., Member, The Holmes Agency, Tierra Verde, FL
The FM Perspective: Reducing Energy Consumption and the True Cost of Maintenance
Track: Facility Management: Operations, Technology and Energy Improvements
Sponsor: 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management, 07.08 Owning and Operating Costs Chair: Angela Lewis, Ph.D., P .E., Associate Member, Facility Engineering Associates, Fairfax, VA
Energy consumption is often well recognized as a part of sustainable, high performance building operations. However, without proper maintenance it can be difficult to achieve high performance building operations goals. The focus of this session is to quantitatively demonstrate the true cost of maintenance within sustainable facility management and provide a case study of a successful sustainable facility management organization. Quantitative data is used to build a case for the value of maintenance, including the overall cost of not performing maintenance and the impacts on energy consumption from not performing maintenance.
Sustainable Facility Management
David Thomas, Austin Convention Center Department, Austin, TX
This seminar presents the current state of hot water delivery as defined by several building, energy and plumbing codes, the guidance documents provided by the American Society of Plumbing Engineers and several relevant ASHRAE committees. Early in 2010, the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials published the Green Plumbing and Mechanical Code Supplement. This document dramatically reduced the allowable volume from the source of hot water to the fixtures to 32 ounces from a water heater or boiler or 16 ounces from a recirculation loop or heat traced line. It also promulgated a revised insulation requirement intended to result in equal heat loss per foot of pipe, regardless of the pipe diameter. The GPMCS set the standard to increase the performance of hot water delivery systems in terms of energy, water and time by incorporating the results of research into hot water delivery systems into code language.
Distribution Research and Plumbing Codes
Gary Klein, Member, Affiliated International Management, LLC, Ek Grove, CA
This session illustrates the psychometric analysis for both human comfort and critical operation for many HVAC systems in commercial buildings. With the growth of Dedicated Outdoor Air systems used with many other HVAC systems (chilled beams, radiant cooling, fan coils, etc.), understanding how the space latent load is decoupled from the space sensible load is critical for proper HVAC system application, design, commissioning and operation. Within this session the space load is illustrated as a two part psychometric requirement where the latent load is shown separate such that the space sensible load could be handled via many HVAC approaches.
Decoupling the Latent Load Through Psychometrics
Douglas F. Zentz, Associate Member, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI
Whats the purpose of ASHRAE? How is it structured? Whats a TC, SPC and all the other acronymns I hear? Where is the AHR Expo? And, how does this all fit together? This seminar is perfect for first-time attendees or anyone else who would like to get more out of their ASHRAE Winter Conference experience.
Make the Most of Your ASHRAE Experience

Dunstan Macauley, P .E., Member, TAI Engineers, Owings Mills, MD
Outbreak: You Dont Want a Part in This MovieWhat to Do If You Find Legionella in Your Facility, Part 1
Sponsor: 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management, 07.08 Owning and Operating Costs Chair: Sonya Pouncy, Member, Member, Detroit, MI
Energy Targets for the Future
Sponsor: MTG.ET Energy Targets Chair: Don Brandt, Member, Trane Co., Phoenix, AZ
Energy Targets MTG members present the highlights of the Energy Targets Adhoc report and the research work statement. A research contractor was selected in the spring of 2012 and has begun the four step process of the modeling that is expected to take approximately 2 years to complete. A member that cares about our future energy usage will find this seminar of interest.
ET Adhoc Report Update
Richard D. Hermans, P .E., Member, McQuay International, Minneapolis, MN
Since 2000, the number of reported cases of Legionnaires disease (LD) has been escalating. LD is a potentially fatal lung infection caused by the aquatic bacterium Legionella pneumophila. With water temperatures between 77F and 108F being favorable for growth, the bacteria have an affinity for cooling towers, hot water tanks, and other parts of HVAC and domestic water systems. Thus, they have become the bane of the facility managers existence. This two-part seminar addresses the legal risks and responsibilities, the minimum standard of care, advanced water treatment protocols, and triple bottom line impact considerations associated with preventing the deadly disease.
Legionella and the Law: Legal Issues Associated with Legionnaires Disease Claims
Steven D. Soden, J.D., Shook, Hardy and Bacon, LLP , Kansas City, MO
Green Plumbing Code

Pete Demarco, International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO), Dayton, NJ
Development of Maximum Technically Achievable Energy Targets for Commercial Buildings (Ultra-Low-Energy Use Buildings)
Drury Crawley, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Bentley Systems, Inc., Washington, DC
Conflicts in Codes
Shawn Martin, International Code Council, Davidson, NC
The Industry Standard of Care to Prevent the Legionellosis Associated with Building Water Systems
Richard Rooley, P .Eng., Presidential Member, Rooley Consultants, Bucks, United Kingdom
Grid-Interactive Thermal Energy Storage: Challenges and Lessons Learned with Real-Time Pricing
Sponsor: 06.09 Thermal Storage Chair: Mike Filler, P .E., Member, Trane Co., Pueblo, CO
SEMINAR (BASIC)
When Is the Load Not What You Think? The Radiant Effect of Non-uniform Surface Temperatures
Sponsor: 04.01 Load Calculation Data and Procedures Chair: Glenn Friedman, P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, Taylor Engineering, Alameda, CA
Reducing Industrial Exhaust System Energy Use Without Affecting Performance
Sponsor: 05.04 Industrial Process Air Cleaning (Air Pollution Control) Chair: Tim Hudson, Associate Member, Camfil Farr APC, Jonesboro, AR
The Cost of Doing Nothing: The True Cost of Ignoring Your Energy Systems
Matthew Mullen, P .E., Member, EMCOR Services New England Mechanical, Coventry, CT
Predicting Outcomes of Maintenance and Repair on Energy Conservation

Jim Whittaker, P .E., Facility Engineering Associates, Fairfax, VA
Smart grid has many different definitions; however, at its core will be the two way communication of information, including pricing, so that customers and utilities will be able to make informed decisions on
Industrial exhaust systems are criticial to protecting workers from the ill effects

tions. The papers analyze compressor efficiency in mid-to-low outdoor air temperature applications as well as improvements in heat rejection systems.
Development of an Outdoor Air CoolingType Air-Cooled Package Air Conditioner for Data Centers
Yosuke Udagawa1, Keisuke Sekiguchi1 and Tsuneo Uekusa1, (1)NTT Facilities, Tokyo, Japan
of harmful gasses and airborne contaminates resulting from manufacturing operations. Their performance can be improved by proper design and operation. The key considerations include: placement of the exhaust hoods to capture the generated contaminates effectively, efficient duct design and proper selection of the air cleaning device. Additional energy savings can be obtained by improving system control, applying recovered energy to the makeup air system and using more efficient equipment. This presentation discusses considerations for improving exhaust system performance while achieving a lower energy use.
Applications and Mis-Applications of Energy Recovery
Wayne Lawton, P .E., Member, Merrick & Company, Aurora, CO
Industry-Wide Efforts to Evaluate Lower GWP Refrigerants
Sponsor: 03.01 Refrigerants and Secondary Coolants, MTG.LowGWP Chair: Barbara Minor, Member, DuPont, Wilmington, DE
upgrades to HVAC, lighting, and building envelopes plus small-scale renewable energy systems. Several unique geothermal design concept outcomes are shared.
Performance Contracting in Public Schools: Energy Conservation Methods that Lead to Superior Returns
Daniel Kerr, P .E., Member1 and Matthew G. Tressler, P .E., Member1, (1)McClure Co., Harrisburg, PA
Monday, January 28, 11 a.m.12 PM
The Impact of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, and Operating Temperature Difference on Air Cooled Data Centers
Keith Dunnavant, P .E., Member, Munters/Des Champs Laboratories, Buena Vista, VA
Data Visualization 101
Sponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations Chair: Chris Balbach, P .E., Member, Performance Systems Development, Ithaca, NY
How to Sell Your Industrial Energy Recovery Project

Tom Axley, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN
FORUM (INTERMEDIATE)
ASHRAE Apps: What Do You Want? Do They Need To Be Free?
Sponsor: Publications Committee, 01.05 Computer Applications Chair: Mick Schwedler, P .E., Member, Trane Co., La Crosse, WI
Many people use apps on their noncommercial cellular devices to help complete project work quickly. ASHRAE has a psychrometric app available today. What other apps do you want? How would they help your productivity? Can they help draw in younger engineers to the profession? Should they be developed by ASHRAE? Do they need to be free? Please come and share your thoughts.
Energy use in existing buildings is most often related to influencing variables, such as ambient temperature, solar radiation, humidity and occupant schedules. Unfortunately, during the process of calibrating a simulation to an existing buildings energy use, the simulator needs to quickly and easily determine whether a misbehaving model is due to adjustment in factors relating to temperature, time-of-day, humidity or other unknown parameters. Most often simple graphs of an existing buildings energy use are compared to similar parameters from the simulation. This presentation reviews graphical presentation dos and donts, and presents several advance graphical display techniques that combine statistics and animations to more effectively display useful comparisons between actual and simulated data to assist the calibration process.
Due to increasing concern about climate change, members of the HVAC&R industry are working together cooperatively to evaluate lower GWP refrigerant options and share results. This seminar provides updates on two specific efforts. First, the AHRI low-GWP AREP program is discussed, where over 30 refrigerant candidates are being evaluated by 20 participating companies globally. Second, a new Multi-Disciplinary Task Group (MTG) has been formed to coordinate ASHRAE research projects and programs related to lower GWP refrigerants.
AHRI Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program
Xudong Wang, Member, Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), Arlington, VA
FORUM (ADVANCED)
Design of Atrium buildings
Sponsor: 09.08 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications, 02.08 Building Environmental Impacts and Sustainability Chair: Frank A. Mills, P .E., Member, McGrath Mills Consulting Engineers, Leyland, United Kingdom
TC 9.8 proposes to develop a new chapter dealing with the design of Atrium Buildings. This focuses on all aspects including energy efficiency, passive solar design, integrated design and usage within various building types: hotels, residential, offices, retail, hospitals, etc. This form allows members to contribute to this aim.
Roadmap Towards Lower GWP Alternative Solutions for HVAC&R

Outbreak: You Dont Want a Part in This MovieWhat to Do If You Find Legionella in Your Facility, Part 2
Monday, 1/28, 2:30 p.m.4 p.m.

Dallas Conference Breaking News on 90.1, 62.1 and 189.1
Chair: Jon J. Cohen, H-O-H Water Technology, Inc., Palatine, IL
Data Visualization 101Getting the Right Graph for Your Purpose

Jeff Haberl, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, Texas A & M Energy Systems Lab, College Station, TX
Sponsor: 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management, 07.08 Owning and Operating Costs Chair: Sonya Pouncy, Member, Member, Detroit, MI
FORUM (BASIC)
Energy Monitoring of Systems and Equipment in ASHRAE Standards 90.1 and 189.1: How Far Should Building Codes Go?
Sponsor: SSPC 189.1 Chair: Wayne H. Stoppelmoor Jr., Member, Schneider Electric, Cedar Rapids, IA
Effective Data Visualization

Joe Huang, Member, White Box Technologies, Moraga, CA
Monday, January 28, 11 a.m.12 PM Monday, January 28, 11 a.m.12 PM
Future Directions in Sizing Residential and Small Commercial HVAC Equipment
Standard 189.1-2011, the ASHRAE standard for High Performance Green Buildings, includes mandatory requirements for measurement devices with remote communication capability for energy sources above specified thresholds. Starting in 2013, ASHRAE Standard 90.1 will also require submetering of specific equipment or systems, but its provisions are based on different criteria and thresholds. This forum seeks input from ASHRAE members on several issues related to energy consumption management in ASHRAE standards, including the purpose of metering, alignment of metering provisions across standards, appropriate thresholds for requiring system or equipment metering, creative compliance approaches, and usage of the metered data.
Sponsor: 06.03 Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling Systems, TC9.5 , 08.11 Unitary and Room Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Chair: Jon Douglas, Member, Lennox Industries, Carrollton, TX
Monday, 1/28, 11 a.m.12 p.m.

Optimizing Air-Cooled Systems for Data Center Applications
The seminar focuses on the key issues related to the sizing of modern residential and small commercial HVAC equipment. One presentation provides an overview of the recently updated industry accepted, residential and small commercial HVAC equipment sizing procedures (e.g. ACCA Manual S), which is referenced in energy codes and home performance contracting energy conservation programs. Another presentation focuses on research conducted to justify greater sizing flexibility when sizing heat pumps in heating dominated climates to reduce back-up electric resistance heating, in climates where humidity control has been addressed or is not a critical design issue. A third presentation focuses on sizing for humidity control based on dehumidification modeling analysis efforts conducted as part of ASHRAE RP-1449
Since 2000, the number of reported cases of Legionnaires disease (LD) has been escalating. LD is a potentially fatal lung infection caused by the aquatic bacterium Legionella pneumophila. With water temperatures between 77F and 108F being favorable for growth, the bacteria have an affinity for cooling towers, hot water tanks, and other parts of HVAC and domestic water systems. Thus, the have become the bane of the facility managers existence. This two-part seminar addresses the legal risks and responsibilities, the minimum standard of care, advanced water treatment protocols, and triple bottom line impact considerations associated with preventing the deadly disease.
Reducing the Risks From Legionella
Michael Halpin, Nalco, Miami, FL
For the first time, attendees will be the first to know and hear first-hand the newest updates to Standards 90.1, 62.1 and 189.1. Chairs of these standards will report on the actions their committees have taken during their meetings at the Dallas Conference. The updates provide current and valuable news you can take back to your office, such as what new addenda, interpretations and public reviews are planned. The session begins with a thought-provoking perspective on several alternative formats that could be used to create the next generation of more efficient energy codes and standards.
Advantages and Disadvantage of Alternative Formats to Achieve More Efficient Energy Codes for Commercial Buildings (DA-13-C017)
Michael Rosenberg, Member1, David R. Conover, Member1, Mark A. Halverson, Member1, Eric J. Makela1 and Zachary T. Taylor1, (1)Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
Standard 90.1
Stephen V. Skalko, P .E., Member, Portland Cement Association, Macon, GA
Where, Why and When Should an Owner Be Concerned with Legionella and Other Pathogens
Jennifer Isenbeck, P .E., Sodexo, Tampa, FL
Standard 189.1
Dennis Stanke, Member, Trane, La Crosse, WI
Standard 62.1
Roger Hedrick, Member, Architectural Energy Corp., Boulder, CO
Performance Contracting in Public Schools: Energy Conservation Methods that Lead to Superior Returns
Sponsor: 7.02 HVAC&R Contractors and Design Build Firms Chair: Michael McLaughlin, P .E., Associate Member, Southland Industries, Dulles, VA
Tuesday, 1/29 8 a.m.9:30 a.m.

Tuesday, January 29, 8 a.m.9:30 AM

System Impacts on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
An Overview of RP-1449 Energy Efficiency and Cost Assessment of Humidity Control Options for Residential Buildings
Armin Rudd, Member, Building Science Corporation, Somerville, MA
Air Source Heat Pump Sizing in Heating Dominated Climates

Michael Lubliner, Member, Washington State University Extension Energy Program, Olympia, WA
The papers in this session investigate options for maximizing the efficiencies of air cooled systems for data center applica-
Capacity Oversizing Limits for Residential HVAC Applications

Glenn Hourahan, P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA), Arlington, VA
As Pennsylvanias public schools face the competing challenges of budget deficits and aging buildings, they seek energybased performance contracts that fund capital upgrades through cash flows created by guaranteed energy and operational savings. By managing contractual energy guarantees, performance contractors determine what energy conservation measures lead to superior returns. In this seminar, one contractor shares best practices learned through retrofitting 15 million+ square feet of K-12 school space. Its case studies illustrate approaches to lowering Energy Use Intensity (EUI) through
HVAC&R systems and equipment play an important role in maintaining the indoor environmental conditions in a building. The papers in this session investigate the impact of systems on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).
Optimal Control of Energy Recovery Ventilators During Cooling Season

Mohammad Rasouli, Student Member1, Carey Simonson, Ph.D., P .E., Member1 and Robert W. Besant, Fellow Life Member1, (1)University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
A Solar PV-Thermal Energy Design Optimization Study of a Building Footprint Limited Net-Zero Energy Facility
James S. Cotton, Ph.D., P .E., Member1, R. Cuthbert1, F. Pan, Student Member1, K. Nieminen, Student Member1, Kelton Friedrich1 and D. Wilkinson, Ph.D., P .E.1, (1)McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Comparison of RANS and LES Turbulence Models Applied in Person to Person Exposure Analysis
Atila Novoselac, Ph.D., Associate, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
SEMINAR (BASIC)
Fellows Debate: Sustainability is Sustainable
Sponsor: College of Fellows Chair: Charles Culp, P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, Texas A&M University, Langford, TX, Richard Rooley, P .Eng., Presidential Member, Rooley Consultants, Bucks, United Kingdom, David Fisk, Ph.D., Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Study the Degradation of Typical HVAC Materials, Filters and Components Irradiated by UVC Energy
Robert E. Kauffman, Ph.D.1 and J. Douglas Wolf1, (1)University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH
SEMINAR (BASIC)
BIM for Dummies
utilities partake in this effort, in part, by offering energy optimization (EO) programs that provide rebates to customers implementing energy efficiency improvements at their facilities. Most EO programs are equipment-based, but a growing number are incorporating HVAC maintenance measures into their portfolios. This seminar explores the financial and energy impacts of maintenance, the development of utility incented maintenance measures, and the opportunities and challenges that Standard 180 presents in helping to achieve national energy-saving goals.
A Utilitys Perspective on an HVAC Market Transformation Program: SCE HVAC Optimization
Mel Johnson, Southern California Edison, Rosemead, CA
Testing of Low GWP R-404A Alternatives in Commercial Refrigeration Systems

Barbara Minor, Member, DuPont, Wilmington, DE
Developments in Very Low-GWP Refrigerants for Stationary HVAC&R Systems

Brett L. Van Horn, Ph.D., Member, Arkema, King of Prussia, PA
Technology Issues Regarding Refrigeration Blends

Gustavo Pottker, Member, FHoneywell - Buffalo Research Laboratory, Buffalo, NY
A Multifunctional Two-Stage Transcritical CO2 System with Parallel Compression

Klaas Visser, Member, KAV Consulting Pty. Ltd., Kangaroo Flat, Australia
Sponsor: 07.01 Integrated Building Design Chair: Krishnan Gowri, Ph.D., Member, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Seattle, WA
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has transformed the construction industry to focus on integrated project delivery and interoperable data of the building. BIM is a mandatory requirement for new GSA building projects. The American Institute of Architects, the Association of General Contractors and other leading industry associations have embraced BIM as part of their business practices. However, for many ASHRAE members BIM is still a buzz word. TC 7.1 and BIM MTG have published a BIM Guide and working on research projects to increase the awareness and help members take advantage of BIM. This session brings together three international experts to provide an overview of BIM concepts, information exchange standards and practical application in a real building project.
Getting Started with BIM: An Introduction
Tim Dwyer, Fellow ASHRAE, Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, London, United Kingdom
This is in the series of Fellows Debates. Opposing teams present the initial arguments on both sides of the sustainability dilemma. The audience then joins in the debate. There are real disagreements on the future direction of sustainability. Is there a need for engineers, construction professionals, building owners, industry pressure groups and politicians to continue to have high profile activity, or is it now set fully on course? Have the pressures and procedures resulted in real sustainability, or is it a fiction? Is it possible to move sustainability to the next level, or has the effect on buildings in use peaked?
The Economic Impact of O&M Management

Robert G. Baker, BBJ Environmental Solutions, Riverview, FL
Tuesday, 1/29, 9:45 a.m.10:45 a.m.

Cool Tools for Building Modeling Applications
SCE HVAC Optimization: Operationalizing the ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180

Monica Thilges, PECI, Rosemead, CA
The SCE HVAC Optimization Program: A Service Contractors Implementation of ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180
Mike Gallagher, P .E., Member, Western Allied Corp., Santa Fe Springs, CA
Larry Spielvogel, P .E., Fellow/Life Member, ASHRAE, Consulting Engineer, Bala Cynwyd, PA Bill Coad, P .E., Presidential/Fellow/Life Member ASHRAE, Coad Engineering Enterprises, St Louis, MO Victor Goldschmidt, Fellow ASHRAE, Consultant, Northport, MI Ronald Jarnagin, Presidential Member ASHRAE, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
Sealed Systems Research
Chair: Bill Dean, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
SEMINAR (BASIC)
How Federal and State Energy Policy Impact ASHRAE Members
Sponsor: Advocacy Committee Chair: Keith H. Reihl, P .E., Member, Reihl Engineering, Cypress, TX
Sponsor: 06.03 Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling Systems, Education and Publishing Chair: Reinhard Radermacher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
HVAC systems usually consume the largest portion of energy in buildings. Optimizing the building envelope can lead to right-sizing systems and equipment which can result in improved efficiency. The papers in this session investigate building modeling applications that lead to overall system efficiency.
Archi Bond Graphs: The Connection Between Spatial Representation and Technical Representation
Wim Zeiler1, Rik Maaijen1 and Gert Boxwm1, (1)TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
This session offers a select group of recently published papers from ASHRAE HVAC&R Research.
Factors Affecting the Cylinder Displacement of a Wankel Compressor in a Micro-Cooling System
Yilin Zhang, Student Member and Wen Wang, Ph.D., Member1, (1)Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
1
Information Exchange Standards and Why You Should Care

Robert J. Hitchcock, Member, Hitchcock Consulting, Kelsey, CA
BIM in Practice: A Case Study of Work Flow, Tools and Lessons Learned
Michael Smith, BIMworks Inc., Lakewood, WA
SEMINAR (ADVANCED)
Evaluating Particle Concentration and Distribution In Industrial and Transportation Ventilation
Sponsor: 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Wangda Zuo, Ph.D., Associate Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
Energy and energy efficiency have long been at the heart of ASHRAEs standards development process and its federal government affairs public policy efforts. Soon, they will be a primary focus of the Societys grassroots government activities at the jurisdictional level. This session, centered around a moderated dialogue between energy policy and ASHRAE standards development experts, examines how federal and state government energy policy impacts ASHRAE and its members work on a day-to-day basis and the ways in which ASHRAE members may participate more fully in the crafting of laws and regulations guiding the HVAC&R field. Ample time is given for attendee questions for the panel.
Federal Energy Efficiency Policy
Kathleen Hogan, Ph.D., Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC
Cooling of a Reciprocating Compressor Through OIL Atomization in the Cylinder

Rodrigo Kremer1, Jader Barbosa, Ph.D., Member2 and Cesar Deschamps, Ph.D.3, (1) Embraco Compressors, Joinville, Brazil, (2) Federal University of Santa Catarina - Mechanical Engineering Florianpolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, (3)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianpolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Often the real energy usage of a building is much higher that was expected from the design calculations. Even when all the imperfections of the design and building itself are improved there is a difference in outcome between theory and practice. More and more, the insight grows that this might be caused by the fact that the actual human behavior is not fully incorporated within the calculations. Thus, the challenge for the coming years is to find innovative solutions for technology and organizational forms, particularly for the management of building and installations, to include the human behavior. Intelligent Model Based Fault Detection and Diagnosis for HVAC Systems Using Statistical Machine Learning Methods
Ying Guo, Ph.D.1, Josh Wall, Ph.D., Member2, Jiaming Li2 and Sam West2, (1)CSIRO, Sydney, Australia, (2)CSIRO, Newcastle, Australia
CO2 Transcritical Vapor Compression Cycle with Thermoelectric Subcooler

Jonathan Schoenfeld, Ph.D., Member1, Yunho Hwang, Ph.D., Member2 and Reinhard Radermacher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE2, (1)Glacier Bay, Union City, CA, (2)University of Maryland, College Park, MD
Public health and indoor air quality are major concerns of industrial and transportation ventilation. Particles concentration and distribution are critical indicators of indoor air quality. Particle motion can also have adverse effects on industrial processes. The transportation, deposition and resuspension of particles are under the impact of ventilation system, human activities, and buoyance force due to the thermal loads from human, different kinds of equipment, and solar radiation. This seminar discusses how to model the particle distribution under such complex conditions using modern computer technique. The presentations in this seminar provide some guidelines for better designs of industrial and transportation ventilation.
Resuspension of Particles Due to Falling Objects
H. Ezzat Khalifa, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
SEMINAR (ADVANCED)
System and Components Performance and Efficiency with Low-GWP Refrigerants
Sponsor: Refrigeration Committee, TC 03.01, TC 08.01, TC 10.07, 08.01 Positive Displacement Compressors Chair: Georgi S. Kazachki, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, CRYOTHERM Consulting, Atlanta, GA
State and Local Energy Efficiency Policy

Kateri Callahan, Alliance to Save Energy, Washington, DC
History, Current Status, and Possible Future of Standard 90.1

Stephen V. Skalko, P .E., Member, Portland Cement Association, Macon, GA
SEMINAR (BASIC)
Incentive Based Maintenance: How Utility Rebates Can Help You Maintain the Performance of Your HVAC Equipment
Sponsor: 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management Chair: Sonya Pouncy, Member, Detroit, MI
Modeling Expiratory Particles Transport in a Mechanical Ventilation Space

Qingyan Chen, Ph.D., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Our national energy policy is designed to bring together communities, businesses and citizens to promote dependable, affordable and environmentally sound energy for our future. Local
The properties of the new Low-GWP refrigerants have an impact on the performance and efficiency of the refrigeration and air-conditioning systems and their components. The purpose of the seminar is to illustrate through theoretical and experimental results the design approaches leading to an uncompromised system and components performance and efficiency compared to the current refrigerants. The subject of the seminar includes also the performance and efficiency of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems with natural refrigerants, which have the lowest GWP and are a well-established viable alternative to the current refrigerants with high GWP in many applications.
Tuesday, January 29, 9:45 a.m.10:45 AM
HVAC systems usually consume the largest portion of energy in buildings for both industry and domestic domains. It is reported (Wang et al., 2010) that the air-conditioning of buildings accounts for 28% of the total energy end use of commercial sectors. From 15% to 30% of the energy waste in commercial buildings is due to the performance degradation, improper control strategy and malfunctions of HVAC systems. A number of FDD methods and applications were assembled to detect and prevent the faults further (Dexter and Pakanen, 2001). Now it is well recognized that FDD is very important in ensuring the safety of the HVAC systems, improving user comfort, improving energy efficiency, and reducing operating and maintenance costs (House and Kelly, 2000). This paper proposes a new method by applying the statistical machine learning based FDD method with the data fusion methods.
Hydraulic Modeling
Sponsor: 09.01 Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems, 06.01 Hydronic and Steam Equipment and Systems Chair: William Klock, P .E., Member, EEA Consulting Engineers, Austin, TX
This seminar discusses the use of hydraulic modeling, both as a tool for new projects and for identifying problems in existing systems. Hydraulic modeling provides another tool for practitioners and

The Mission Critical Data Center: Resetting the Definition
Herb Villa, Member, DC Professional Development, Newark, NJ
owners to understand how system components interact with one another. This knowledge then allows for proper design and operation of hydraulic systems.
What Is Hydraulic Modeling?
Joe Simmons, P .E., Member, HVAC Solutions, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
Tuesday, 1/29, 11 a.m.12:30 p.m.

Residential Design for Improved Performance
Chair: Mike McDermott, Member, Grumman Butkus Associates, Evanston, IL
Data Centers: The Human Element

Robert Tozer, Ph.D., Member, Operational Intelligence Ltd., Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
Hydraulic Modeling of a University Chilled Water System

Morgan Stinson, P .E., Member, EEA Consulting Engineers, Austin, TX
FORUM (BASIC)
Specifying BAS Networks and Integration: Ensure that Guideline 13 Provides the Guidance You Need!
Sponsor: 01.04 Control Theory and Application Chair: Chariti Young, Member, Automated Logic Corp., Kennesaw, GA
If Failure is Random, Why Does it Happen Quicker When the Budget is Cut?
Sponsor: 07.08 Owning and Operating Costs, 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management Chair: Charles E. Dale-Derks, P .E., Member, McClure Engineering, St. Charles, MO
Current design of residential HVAC and hot water heating to meet advanced energy and design requirements is presented. Methods of achieving modern energy standards while maintaining environmental comfort factors for homeowners are incorporated in these studies.
A ground source heat pump and heat wheel energy recovery rooftop unit was used for a DOAS in a LEED Gold campus police station. Electrical submetering and a comprehensive EQuest energy model allowed detailed comparison of predicted to actual building energy performance. The DOAS was found to be operating greatly in excess of its modeled fan and compressor horsepower. Although some 40 zones of terminal air control should have reduced airflow at partial occupancy by utilizing demand controlled ventilation strategies, very little turndown was observed during those periods. Lessons learned are described, including which specific details are necessary in our code, required design intent, and basis of design documents to achieve a successful project. Comparison of Data Center Classes on Energy Use
John C. Peterson, P .E., Member1 and Doug McLellan, P .E., Member1, (1)Hewlett Packard, Takoma Park, MD
The deterioration of the equipment with age is modeled as a random process; therefore, how can maintenance reduce or have an impact on failures? This seminar discusses interval maintenance, predictive maintenance, corrective maintenance, reactive maintenance, and more.
Real World Cell Tower Maintenance

Matthew Mullen, P .E., Member, EMCOR Services New England Mechanical, Coventry, CT
Maintenance Mayhem
Keith H. Reihl, P .E., Member, Reihl Engineering, Cypress, TX
Optimization in HVAC
Guideline 13 provides recommendations for specifying building automation systems, as well as recommendations for specifying integration of other building systems into a building automation system. Since this Guideline was originally published, the landscape of networks and integration has changed significantly as existing technologies and architectures have matured and additional system architectures have emerged. SGPC 13 is updating Guideline 13 to provide better and more current guidance for specifying BAS network infrastructure and integration. Come share your experiences and pain in these arenas to help shape the future direction of the Guideline and ensure that the update will address your needs.
VAV System Integrated with Thermal Storage System Application to Residential Building
Qing Zhang and Ahmed Cherif Megri , (1) University of Wyoming, Lamamie, WY, (2)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
1 2
Inter Unit Heat Flows in a Residence During District Heating in a Multistory Residential Building
Milorad Bojic, Student Member, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
Monitored Performance of Advanced Gas Water Heaters in California Homes

Marc A. Hoeschele, P .E., Davis Energy Group, Davis, CA
Least Cost Upgrade Solutions to Achieve Improved Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential New Housing in Canada
Aya Dembo, Student Member1, Farhan Khaddad2 and Alan Fung2, (1)Ryerson University Architectural Science, Toronto, ON, Canada, (2)Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
Sponsor: TG1 Optimization, Education and Publishing Chair: Reinhard Radermacher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
The DOE Buildings Performance Database: How Can It Help You and How Can You Help It?
Sponsor: 07.06 Building Energy Performance Chair: Kris Subbarao, Ph.D., Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WACody Taylor, Department of Energy, Washington, DC
A Heat Transfer Model for Energy Analysis of a Basement Used as a Living Space
Ahmed Cherif Megri1, Yao Yu1 and Qing Zhang2, (1) University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, (2)University of Wyoming, Lamamie, WY
Tuesday, January 29, 11 a.m.12:30 PM
The whitepaper, 2011 Thermal Guidelines for Liquid Cooled Data Processing Environments prepared by Technical Committee (TC) 9.9 Mission Critical Facilities, Technology Spaces, and Electronic Equipment, proposed five (5) classes of water cooled IT equipment, based on entering cooling water temperatures. Currently most water cooled options available are within the described W1 and W2 classes. Classes W3 and W4 operate at higher temperatures and would significantly reduce the need for mechanical cooling. W4 eliminates the need for a chiller to remove heat, instead relying on heat rejection directly through a cooling tower. W5 is intended to also reduce mechanical cooling and provides the opportunity for heat recovery to heat buildings. This study will compare the energy savings of the different class servers in the same data center. The basis of comparison will be a data center populated with class W1 equipment and this energy use will be compared to the energy used when populated with classes W2, W3, W4, and W5. Impact of Ice Thermal Storage on HVAC Cooling Energy Cost
Nabil Nassif, Ph.D., P .E., Associate Member, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC
This session is a selection of two papers in a special collection of papers on optimization published by ASHRAE HVAC&R Research.

Designing for Energy Conservation and Operational Cost Reduction
Auto-Calibration and Control Strategy Determination for a Variable-Speed Heat Pump Water Heater Using Optimization
Bo Shen1, Omar Abdelaziz, Ph.D., Associate Member1 and Keith Rice1, (1)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
Optimal Coordination of Heat > Pump Compressor and Fan Speeds and Subcooling Over a Wide Range of Loads and Conditions
Tea Zakula, Student Member1, Peter Armstrong, Ph.D., Member2 and Leslie Norford, Ph.D., Member3, (1)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, (2)Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, (3) Massachusetts Institution of Technology, Cambridge, MA
The Mission Critical Data Center: Resetting the Definition and the Human Element
Sponsor: 09.09 Mission Critical Facilities, Technology Spaces and Electronic Equipment Chair: Nick Gangemi, P .E., Member, Facility Gateway Corp., Madison, WI
The DOEs Buildings Performance Database is a decision-support platform that enables engineering and financial practitioners to benchmark and evaluate, through an actuarial method, energy efficiency retrofits in commercial and residential buildings. In addition to the database, it has tools for Energy Performance Forecasting Tool and Financial Forecasting. The Energy Tool provides, from the peer group in the database, the energy savings probability distribution for a building or portfolio of buildings based on a selection of different efficiency measures. The forum is to stimulate discussions on making the BPD more useful, and contributing data to the BPD to enhance its value.
Environmental considerations are often balanced with capital and operational costs. Performance costing and life-cycle analysis are important tools to consider, as well as efficiency technologies. Energy and cost saving studies and methodologies for HVAC engineers and operations personnel are presented.
Life Cycle Performance Costing Based Building Design Decision Support

Wim Zeiler1, Rik Maaijen1 and Wim Maassen2, (1) TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands, (2)Royal Haskoning DHV, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Ice thermal storage is promising technology to reduce energy costs by shifting the cooling cost from on-peak to off-peak periods. The paper discusses the application of ice thermal storage and its impact on energy consumption, demand, and total energy cost. Detailed simulation studies following by a case study of real office building located near Orlando, FL including the actual monthly utility bills are presented. The study considers the effect of the ice thermal storage on the chiller performance and the associated energy cost and demonstrates the cost saving achieved from the ice storage applications. A whole building energy simulation model eQUEST is used to generate the hourly cooling load for both design day and entire year. Other collected variables such as condenser entering water temperature, chilled water leaving temperature, outdoor air dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures are used as inputs to a chiller model based on DOE-2 chiller model to determine the associated cooling energy use. Using Locational Marginal Pricing to Implement Peak Load Shifting with a Grid Connected Water Heater
Harshal Upadhye, Associate Member1, Ronald Domitrovic, Ph.D., Associate Member1 and Ammi Amarnath2, (1)Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN, (2)Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA
What Contaminates are Important in Low GWP Refrigerant Systems?
Sponsor: 03.03 Refrigerant Contaminant Control, AHRI 700, 03.02 Refrigerant System Chemistry Chair: Robert W. Yost, Member, National Refrigerants, Rosenhayen, NJ
Technology has changed. There is more technology in a Ford F-150 than in the original Mercury capsule. You have 64 GB of music in your pocket with more processing power than a 1970s era mainframe and 1 TB of storage on your desktop at home. This seminar will review where data centers have been, where they are today and what is in store for the future. Performance metrics and regulatory requirements are also addressed. And one final goal: to create a foundation for defining the data center/ mission critical/IT space and the components in the room that lead to continued discussion and updating as new products, services and efficiencies are realized in the future.
HVAC&R systems using low GWP refrigerants are likely to be sensitive to contaminates in ways different than traditional systems. This forum discusses the contaminates most likely to affect system reliability with low GWP refrigerants, and what acceptable levels of contaminates may be needed. Methods to control these contaminates will also be discussed.
A Life Cycle Performance Costing decision support tool was developed to assess possible design solutions. The tool shows the advantages of more sustainable and healthier solutions on the long run and so accelerates the possible application of these solutions. The tool supports the design team during the early stages of the design with the selection of innovative building design solutions (including adjustments and changes over time) considering a longer period. It uses a dynamic instead of a traditional static approach, which consists of a Life Cycle Performance Costs calculation based on discounted cash flows and the use of scenarios. Two examples will be presented: one about selecting a room conditionings concept and one about the selection of an energy generation concept for a building. This demonstrates the added value of making a comparison of alternative solutions based on the life cycle performance costing performances of different building services designs. Dedicated Outside Air System (DOAS): Design vs. Actual Operation - Are Aggressive Energy Targets Achievable?
Jason J. Burbank, P .E., Associate Member1, Justin M. Marmaras, Student Member1 and Dragoljub B. Kosanovic, Ph.D.1, (1)University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
Independent System Operators (ISOs) and Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs), among other activities, coordinate the buying, selling and delivery of wholesale electricity within the geographical regions that they operate. The price of wholesale energy varies by time and also by location because of the cost associated with generating and delivering electricity to different locations. Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) is a way to reflect these locational cost differences. A number of utilities already have load control programs incorporating electric storage-type water heaters. The availability of low cost control devices, increased connectivity and emergence of energy markets has further opened avenues for peak load shifting with electric resistance water heaters. A storage-type electric resistance water heater can now communicate with a remote server which can decide on when to charge the water heater and at what rate.

Numerical Methods for Noise and Vibration Simulation of HVAC&R Systems
Sponsor: 02.08 Building Environmental Impacts and Sustainability Chair: Curt Eichelberger, P .E., Member, Johnson Controls, York, PA
Cutting-Edge Japanese Technologies (HVAC&R Systems and Equipment): Japan, Two Years After the Earthquake and SHASE-Awarded HVAC&R Systems
Chair: Shinsuke Kato, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Tokyo Institute of Industrial Science, Tokyo, Japan
increasingly congested, European market. These three speakers have extensive experience covering the development, roll-out and hands-on application of benchmarks from institutional, governmental and consultative viewpoints. Their presentations provide critical and informed lessons so that others may benefit from their hard won experience.
Energy Benchmarks: Mirage or Reality?
Hywel Davies, Ph.D., Member, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London, England
Wireless Sensing for Existing Building Commissioning: A Michigan Example

Glen T. Remington, Member, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
Tuesday, 1/29, 1:30 p.m.3 p.m.

Building Labeling in Europe: European Standardization to Meet the Energy Performance Directive
Chair: Bjarne W. Olesen, International Center for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, N/A, Denmark
The challenge for high performance building design is to balance sustainability or green objectives with traditional indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Of all the IEQ factors surveyed in over 350 buildings by the CBE, the one causing the greatest occupant dissatisfaction is acoustics, including both noise level and speech privacy issues. This session includes two papers that apply finite element (FE) and statically energy analysis (SEA) numerical methods to model the sound attenuation of two very important HVAC air distribution elements; plena and ducts. A third paper applies structural FE methods to the development of refrigerant piping in HVAC equipment, with the goal of lower vibration and better reliability.
Prediction of Insertion Loss of Plenums Above the Plane Wave Cutoff Frequency
D. W. Herrin, Ph.D., P .E., Member1 and S. Ramalingam, Student Member1, (1)University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Since the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the Japanese design concept of HVAC systems and their operation has dramatically changed. A broad view of these changes is introduced as a keynote lecture topic. A couple of the SHASE-awarded buildings will be introduced, including: a ductless HVAC system using a Coanda effect and horizontal cooling panel for storing herb medicine in Yubari, Hokkaido; and an HVAC design with an energy security and reliability concept
Financial Advantages of Benchmarked Buildings and MEP Systems

David Arnold, Ph.D., Fellow Life Member, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
Benchmarking: Gaming or Winning?

David Fisk, Ph.D., Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
SEMINAR (ADVANCED)
Systems and Components Performance and Efficiency with Low-GWP and Natural Refrigerants, Part 2
Sponsor: Refrigeration Committee, TC10.7, 03.01 Refrigerants and Secondary Coolants Chair: Georgi S. Kazachki, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, CRYOTHERM Consulting, Atlanta, GA
How Did the Situation Involving the Japanese HVAC System and Office Environment Change After the Great East Japan Earthquake?
Shin-ichi Tanabe, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Department of Architecture, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
The finite element method is utilized to predict the insertion loss of plenums. Insertion loss is determined by comparing the transmitted sound power at the termination with and without a plenum instead into the duct system. The boundary condition for the duct system on the source side is a diffuse or reverberant field, and a baffled termination is assumed. Simulation results are compared to published measurement results for HVAC plenum with good agreement. Additionally, the results are compared to the ASHRAE Handbook equations and an empirical model (ASHRAE RP-1026). The approach is appropriate both above the plane wave cutoff frequency and frequencies just below the cutoff, and are demonstrably superior to the Handbook and empirical model. Using Statistical Energy Analysis to Analyze Sound and Vibration Energy Propagation In HVAC Ducts
S. Ramalingam, Student Member1 and D. W. Herrin, Ph.D., P .E., Member1, (1)University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Ductless Air-Conditioning System Using a Coand Effect and a Horizontal Cooling Panel for Herb Medicine Storage in Yubari Project
Daisuke Shibuya, Taisei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
The Reliability of the Energy Supply and the Latest Building Equipment Plan for Large Buildings in Osaka
Yu-suke Miyazaki, Kajima Corporation, Osaka, Japan
Deep Energy Retrofit
Sponsor: 07.01 Integrated Building Design Chair: Ery Djunaedy, Ph.D., Member, University of Idaho, Boise, ID
The properties of the new low-GWP and natural refrigerants, such as HFO, R-32, R152a, ammonia, hydrocarbons, CO2, etc. have an impact on the performance and efficiency of the refrigeration and air-conditioning systems and their components. A special attention in this session is dedicated to the design, operation, and servicing equipment with flammable refrigerants, such as hydrocarbons and ammonia. The issues and challenges are illustrated in the example of a household refrigerator/freezer with R600a for use on the U.S. market. Two presentations provide a comprehensive analysis of efficiency and operational aspects of equipment with ammonia.
Cycle Efficiency, Charge Minimization, and Service of Household Refrigerators with R-600a
Brent Junge, P .E., Member, General Electric, Louisville, KY
In the US, LEED, Energy Star, and ASHRAEs bEQ are being used to label building energy performance. In the EU, countries follow EPBD. The session reviews the European initiatives to evaluate building energy performance and to couple energy use with environmental quality. This involves revision of several CEN standards of which some will be developed as combined ISO and CEN standards. Therefore the ongoing and planned activities and what is happening in Europe and other parts of the world is also relevant for North America.
EU Mandate to Develop the Second Generation Energy Performance Standards
Jaap Hogeling, Fellow ASHRAE, ISSO, Lienden, Netherlands
Nearly Zero Energy Buildings nZEB Definitions and System Boundaries: The REHVA View
Jarek Kurnitski, Dr.Ing., Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra, Helsinki, Finland
Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a lumped parameter power balance technique that has been successfully applied to noise and vibration problems in industry for the past two decades. This paper demonstrates the application of the method for the primary paths of sound and vibration energy propagation in ducts. The direct airborne path through an HVAC duct system was examined by comparing SEA results to measured results from ASHRAE RP-1026. Insertion loss was selected as a metric and results compared favorably at frequencies above the plane wave cutoff. Limitations at low frequencies and for complicated duct geometries are identified. In many instances, the dominant energy path will be the vibrational energy propagation through the structure itself from machinery. This path was examined by exciting the walls of the aforementioned air handler using an electromagnetic shaker. Numerical Vibration Simulation Applied to the Design of HVAC Refrigeration Piping Systems
Jack Wang, Member, Ingersol Rand, La Cross, WI
Our existing building infrastructure consumes tremendous energy resources. This creates an opportunity for conservation on an expansive scale if progress can be made toward identifying a replicable technical and economic template for deep-energy renovations. Fundamentally, this is a question about what our existing buildings of today will be and how they will operate a generation from now. This seminar presents the interim results of the development phase of an initiative that targets deep energy savings in the retrofit of existing buildings into high performance buildings. The sessions present lessons learned to date from pilot projects on large and medium office buildings.
Revision of EN15251: Indoor Environmental Criteria

Bjarne W. Olesen, International Center for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Minimum Energy Design Practice for Air Blast Freezing

Elimination of Condensation in Meat Packing Plants

Tuesday, 1/29, 2 p.m.3:30 p.m.

AHR Expo Session
Basics of HVAC Noise Control
Sponsor: 02.06 Sound and Vibration Control Chair: Erik Miller-Klein, P .E., Associate Member, SSA Acoustics, LLP , Seattle, WA
Wireless Sensing for Commissioning Existing Buildings
Integrated Measure Packages for Existing Building Renewal: High-Rise Office Buildings
Christopher Meek, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Integrated Measure Packages for Existing Building Renewal: Medium Office Buildings
Ery Djunaedy, Ph.D., Member, University of Idaho, Boise, ID
Sponsor: 07.05 Smart Building Systems Chair: Michael R. Brambley, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
Numerical simulation modeling has become a very important and integral part of product design process. One of the significant product reliability risks for HVAC systems is vibration fatigue failure of refrigeration piping systems. Excessive refrigerant line vibration can ultimately result in cracks or joint failures and loss of refrigerant charge. To mitigate this risk, numerical simulation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is conducted to calculate piping resonances and their associated stress levels. Using numerical models, it is possible to identify potential resonance problems, and refine the piping system design prior to making prototype units. This paper presents a description of the FEA simulation process, including key modeling assumptions, as well as examples of how the models correlate with test. Production unit statistics confirm that vibration simulation can significantly reduce the risk of the fatigue failure.
Integrated Property Assessment for Existing Building Renewals

Michael Hatten, P .E., Member, Solarc Architecture and Engineering, Eugene, OR
Energy Benchmarks: Setting Standards or Feeding Fantasies?
Sponsor: MTG.BPM Building Performance Metrics, ASHRAE CIBSE Liaison, 07.06 Building Energy Performance Chair: Tim Dwyer, Fellow ASHRAE, Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, London, United Kingdom
This session explores the potential for use of wireless sensors in commissioning existing commercial buildings. Wireless sensing shows promise for making retrocommissioning of smaller commercial buildings without building automation systems cost effective. The presentations provide examples of wireless sensing systems for retro-commissioning existing buldings, identify technology needs, and illustrate applications of wireless sensing in case studies.
Wireless Sensors Solutions for ExistingBuilding Commissioning: One Size Does Not Fit All
George R. Hernandez, P .E., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington, DC
Designing HVAC systems with good acoustic performance can be a challenge: this session addresses three common issues to improve acumen for sound and vibration. Explore the idiosyncrasies of selecting fans that optimize acoustic and energy performance for improved system design. Learn about the physics of sound that explains the performance and limitations of silencers and acoustic louvers. Fine tune the most valuable and effective tool for acoustics: your ears. This session also provides audio examples to connect you with the fundamental aural experience. This session will be held at the Dallas Convention Center as part of AHR Expo.
Fan Selection Impact on Noise
Mark E. Schaffer, P .E., Member, Schaffer Acoustics Inc., Pacific Palisades, CA
Understanding the Physics of Silencers

Dan LaForgia, Member, Industrial Acoustics, Bronx, NY
This seminar presents aspects of energy benchmarks that reflect their evolution, their perception, their fiscal value, and their application in the fairly mature, and
Retro-Commissioning of Buildings Using Wireless Sensors for Improved Energy Efficiency

Teja Kuraganti, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
What Does That Sound Like and Mean? (Ear Training)

Erik Miller-Klein, P .E., Associate Member, SSA Acoustics, LLP , Seattle, WA
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tion and reducing, predicting and flattening site energy consumption. While achieving energy reduction targets, engineers must also meet occupant requirements, health and safety considerations and thermal comfort. Various approaches to meet these challenges, which are often conflicting, along with modern design strategies, are presented.
Role of Optimization in the Design and Operation of Building Control Systems (DA-13-C028)
Stephen J. Treado, Ph.D., P .E., Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Tuesday, 1/29, 3:15 p.m.4:45 p.m.

Seminar (Intermediate)
BIM To Energy Simulation: ASHRAE Research Project 1468
Sponsor: 01.05 Computer Applications Chair: David Branson, Compliance Services Group, Lubbock, TX
Wednesday, January 30, 8 a.m.9:30 AM
requirements from occupants and guides occupants to solve conflicts with rules defined by facility managers.
SEMINAR (BASIC)
Calibration Case Studies, Fleets of Buildings, Individual Building and Algorithm
Sponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations Chair: David Bosworth, Member, BuildLab, Dryden, NY
permeable nanoporous membranes. The third author compares adsorption and absorption cooling technologies and demonstrates a residential trigeneration system using adsorption cooling system. Finally, the last authors present implementation of triple effect and multi-energy chillers.
Ionic Fluid Design for Absorption Heat Pump Applications
The maturing of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as a design platform within the HVAC&R Industry has led to the desire by design professionals to have readily available tools for thermal modeling that will interoperate with BIM and produce stable Building Energy Simulation (BES) results. ASHRAE has been conducting research through RP1468 to address the rapidly growing need to provide methodologies by which software developers could accurately and efficiently represent graphical and supporting non-graphical data for automated use with BES models. This research has uncovered numerous growth opportunities and challenges to be faced in the near future of building energy modeling.
Optimization can take on many meanings when applied to different problems and applications, ranging from ad hoc parameter variation to high-powered numerical analysis. One area that has received a significant amount of attention is the optimization of building design and operation, usually regarding certain aspects of energy usage, thermal performance or occupant comfort. Building control systems can have an important contribution to these performance characteristics and are prime candidates for application of optimization techniques. This paper discusses the role of optimization in the design of building control systems, and outlines approaches and methods which can be useful for improving performance based on the needs and goals of the project. Building Energy Simulation and Optimization of Industrial Halls (DA13-C029)
Bruno Lee, Student Member1, Marija Trcka, Ph.D., Member2 and Jan L.M. Hensen, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE2, (1)Materials Innovation Institute (M2i), Delft, Netherlands, (2)Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands
The building industry is increasingly interested in how well modeling predicts actual savings. This panel explores calibration and modeling accuracy on three different scales from 10 buildings, to a single building to a specific algorithm. The first presentation explores how well 10 buildings match the predicted EUIs when corrected for occupancy and weather. The second presentation discusses how metered energy consumption data can be used to refine energy models used in the design of new multifamily buildings. The third presentation goes to the algorithm scale to see how well the heat transfer through an attic floor matches between two detailed simulation programs and compares with measured heat flows.
New Generation Membrane-Based Absorption Refrigeration System (ARS)

Saeed Moghaddam, Ph.D., University of Florida, Nanoengineered Energy Systems (NES) Laboratories, Gainesville, FL
Low Regeneration Temperature Adsorption Heat Pump in a Micro-Trigeneration System

Reinhard Radermacher, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE1, Kyle Gluesenkamp, Student Member2 and Suxin Qian, Student Member2, (1)University of Maryland, College Park, MD, (2)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD
High Efficiency Absorption Chiller-Heaters & Triple Effect Chillers

Piyush V. Patel, Associate Member, Thermax Ltd., Northville, MI
SEMINAR (BASIC)
New Mobile Applications for HVAC Field Work and Building Retrofits
Calibrating a Portfolio of Buildings

Jason Stienbeck, Associate Member, The Weidt Group, Minnetonka, MN
Development of a Reference Building Information Model (BIM) for Thermal Model Compliance Testing: 1468-RP
Jeff Haberl, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
Actual Energy Use and Informing Multifamily Design

Xia Fang, P .E., Member, Group 14, Denver, CO
Track: Facility Management: Operations, Technology and Energy Improvements
Challenges of BIM to BEM Translations

John F. Kennedy, Member, Autodesk, Santa Rosa, CA
Wednesday, 1/30 8 a.m.9:30 a.m.


Contemporary Steam and Hot Water Design
Industrial halls are characterized with their rectangular shape and relatively simple construction, as contrasted with office buildings with similar floor area. Industrial halls are usually subject to high energy demand due to the many manufacturing processes, lighting, and the corresponding amount spent on space conditioning to remove the excess heat gain. Thermal comfort is seldom a concern for industrial halls, in which heating and ventilation are provided to maintain the building within a reasonable temperature range. By contrast, saving in energy consumption for space conditioning is a big issue since even the modest change in energy consumption will be translated into a large absolute monetary sum. This paper investigates the impact of varying different demand side parameters on the energy demand for space conditioning. A Decision Making Structure for Distributed, Multiagent Building Control (DA-13-C030)
Andrew W. Windham, Student Member1 and Stephen J. Treado, Ph.D., P .E., Member1, (1) Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Uncertainty and Shortcomings in Using Building Energy Simulations

Joe Huang, Member, White Box Technologies, Moraga, CA
Sponsor: 01.05 Computer Applications, 07.01 Integrated Building Design Chair: Stephen Roth, P .E., Member, Carmel Software Corp., San Rafael, CA
Cutting-Edge Japanese Technologies (Energy Conservation): SHASE-Awarded Energy-Efficient Buildings in Japan
Chair: Shuichi Hokoi, Ph.D., Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Chair: Keith Newcomer, Member, Piedmont Natural Gas, Fuquay Varina, NC
Contemporary steam and hot water for humidification and potable use are presented. Design considerations, modeling techniques and verification for newer, advanced hydronic systems are discussed.
Humidification Requirements in Economizer-Type HVAC Systems

Viktor T. Toth, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Short-Term Performance of Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater: Laboratory Characterization

Paul Glanville, P .E., Associate Member1, Douglas Kosar1 and Jason Stair1, (1)Gas Technology Institute, Des Plaines, IL
A New Easy-to-Parameterize Boiler Model for Dynamic Simulation

Jens Glembin1 and Gunter Rockendorf1, (1)Institute for Solar Energy Research Hamelin, Hamelin, Germany
While ensuring safety, health, and comfort are indispensable, todays challenges in building control frequently hinge around systems integration and reducing, predicting, and flattening site energy consumption. To achieve these goals, it is likely necessary that we utilize new perspectives, approaches, and techniques made possible by the rapidly growing digital world. This paper highlights a method that incorporates a handful of these tools, providing basic background to their implementation. Within the multiagent systems (MAS) paradigm, the structure incorporates probabilistic graphical modeling techniques and conditional satisficing games in a way that is intended to facilitate more autonomous control capabilities. The method seeks to achieve high degrees of comfort control while continuously improving and monitoring performance. Collaborative Building Control to Optimize Energy Saving and Improve Occupants Experience (DA-13-C031)
Zhen Song, Ph.D.1, Sam Zheng, Ph.D.1, Kun Ji, Ph.D.1 and Yan Lu, Ph.D.1, (1)Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ
Three buildings that received awards from SHASE for being energy efficient are introduced. These include: a large-scale hospital with advanced BEMS and a combination of thermal storage and cogeneration; a junior and senior high school with environmentally friendly technologies; and a building with ten years of quality operations in the area of urban development and in District heating and cooling using a large thermal storage tank.
This seminar focuses on mobile applications for HVAC field work. As mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets evolve, so does the software (or apps) that runs on them. More and more businesses are using these mobile devices to accomplish work in the field, thus saving time and providing instant reports and proposal for clients. The HVAC industry is no exception since many field-based HVAC apps are available for technicians and engineers to use. This seminar highlights the types of apps being used by these professionals and the challenges presented to developers of these apps.
Overview of Mobile HVAC Field Apps

Stephen Roth, P .E., Member, Carmel Software Corp., San Rafael, CA
Discussion of Mobile Apps for Building Energy Retrofits

Richard Szydlowski, Center for Energy and Environment, Minneapolis, MN
The Need for Standardized Data From Building Asset Field Surveys
Colin Davis, kWhOURS, Inc., Boston, MA
Realization of Green Building Services for a Large General Hospital

Koji Kasuya, Nikken Sekkei Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Standards, Guidelines and Codes Affecting Design and Operation of Laboratories
Environmentally Conscious Design for a Junior and Senior High School by Biomimicry of a Tree
Hisashi Wakayama, Nihon Sekkei Corp., Tokyo, Japan
Life-Cycle Management for More Than Ten Years of Operations at a Large-Scale Urban Redevelopment
Akira Okagaki, Nikken Sekkei Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
Sponsor: 09.10 Laboratory Systems Chair: James Coogan, P .E., Member, Siemens, Buffalo Grove, IL
Characteristics and Enhancement of a Disk Type Humidifier with Hydrophilic Rough Surface
Youngjin Seo and Byungryul Min , (1)The Environmental Research Center, Coway Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea, (2)Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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SEMINAR (ADVANCED)
Leading Edge Advances in Absorption Cooling Technologies
Sponsor: 08.03 Absorption and Heat Operated Machines Chair: Ersin Gercek, P .E., Associate Member, Real Energy Consulting Services, LLC, Totowa, NJ

Design and Optimization of Building Controls to Meet Energy Targets
Chair: Bill Dean, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Todays challenges in building controls frequently hinge around system integra-
For commercial buildings, energy related control policies, such as HVAC or lighting schedule and set points, are typically defined and imposed by facility managers. Occupants, who are the end users of the building, generally have no opportunity to contribute the definition of control policies or have limited methods to communicate with facility managers or other occupants for their specific needs or preferences. We propose a system named CEMC, which stands for Collaborative Energy Management and Control, for building collaborative control enables a collaborative setting definition paradigm: occupants and facilities managers submit requirements and rules to CEMC, respectively. Equipped with a workflow engine, CEMC verifies if occupants requirements comply with rules from facility managers. It also detects conflictive
Design and operation of laboratory facilities is affected by standards and guidelines set by a variety of organizations. This seminar examines a selected sample of those constraints and requirements to see how they affect the jobs of HVAC designers and suppliers. Recent updates and long-standing requirements are both addressed.
In this session, four different research and implementation facets towards improving performance and efficiency of heat operated cooling technologies are evaluated. The first author evaluates utilization of ionic fluids in absorption systems instead of traditional salts. The second author introduces new generation membrane-based absorption technology, which utilizes ultra thin absorbent films constrained by highly
Establishing Appropriate Airflow Rates for Laboratories and Chemical Fume Hoods During Energy Reduction Projects
Thomas Smith, Member, Exposure Control Technologies, Inc., Cary, NC
Biosafety Requirements in Laboratory Design

Chris Kiley, P .E., Member, Merrick & Company, Atlanta, GA
Energy Codes for Labs: 90.1-2010 and Title 24-2013

Mark Hydeman, P .E., Taylor Engineering, LLC, Alameda, CA
2013 ASHRAE Winter Conference Technical Technical Program Program 11

Zero Refrigerant Emissions: Whats Changing in the New SPC 147 Standard
Sponsor: 03.08 Refrigerant Containment Chair: Mark Adams, Member, Johnson Controls, York, PA
ly effects system performance but can lead to pipe corrosion. The resultant pipe corrosion can effect the mechanical integrity of the system.
Causes and Prevention of Corrosion on the Interior Surface of Metal Jacketing Used on Mechanical Insulation
Jim Young, Member, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI
Upcoming phase outs and production reductions for some refrigerants, combined with increasing emissions and scrutiny from regulatory and environmental groups, could lead to additional regulations on, restricted availability of, and even phase outs of certain refrigerants. Learn how you can take actions today to prevent the loss of refrigerant from your equipment and systems. This session looks at the new SPC 147, Reducing the Release of Halogenated Refrigerants from Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Systems. This seminar covers the changes and new requirements imposed by the new standard. This includes changes for equipment manufacturers, installing contractors, service technicians, and owners. This session also covers general changes to the standard, new leak checking requirements for equipment, and new requirements for active leak monitoring methods.
Corrosion in Refrigeration Piping Systems

James Price Sr., Hansen Technologies Corp., Bolingbrook, IL
SEMINAR (BASIC)
Healthcare Commissioning and the Authority Having Jurisdiction
Grades are being considered in several national standards, including ASHRAE 90.1. The attempt to use a single minimum FEG requirement for all fan applications has brought about exemptions for many fans. This leaves a significant portion of the market without any regulation. An alternative requirement that considers the minimum fan efficiency at design conditions would eliminate these exemptions and result in significantly higher energy savings. The forum discusses this requirement, along with the potential energy savings for each method.
Wednesday, January 30, 9:45 a.m.10:45 AM
A Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pump Air Conditioner Computer Model in Energyplus
Richard Raustad, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL
Energy and Exergy Analyses of a New Waste Heat Driven Cogeneration Cycle for Simultaneous Cooling and Heating Applications
Rajesh Kumar1, Abdul Khaliq2 and P .B. Sharma3, (1)Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India, (2)IITT College of Engineering, Nawanshahar, India, (3)Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
Energy Prediction of Electric Floor Radiation Systems Using a New Integrated Modeling Approach
Ahmed Cherif Megri1 and Yao Yu1, (1)University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
Cold Climate Design Guide: Scope and Content
Sponsor: 09.08 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications, Publications Committee Chair: Frank A. Mills, P .E., Member, McGrath Mills Consulting Engineers, Leyland, United Kingdom
Sponsor: 07.09 Building Commissioning Chair: Rocky Alazazi, Member, Executive Director, City of Taylor, Taylor, MI, Taylor, MI
Investigation of Electric and Reverse Cycle Hot-Gas Defrosting for Evaporators in Refrigeration Systems
Syed Zahid Hussain Rizvi, Johnson Controls Inc - IR Industrial Refrigeration, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Wednesday, January 30, 11 a.m.12:30 PM
General Overview of Changes to SPC 147: Reducing the Release of Halogenated Refrigerants From Refrigerating and AirConditioning Equipment and Systems
Paul Solberg, Member, Trane Co., La Crosse, WI
The University of Michigan Health System just opened a new 1.1 million square foot childrens and womens hospital. The University utilized extensive commissioning from the design phase through completion. This session demonstrates how the commissioning authority played a very large role in preparing for the final inspections and achieving the certificate of occupancy.
Opening a New Hospital: A Case Study

Matthew Tunnard, Member, Horizon Engineering Associates, Detroit, MI
Product and Field Leak Testing: Overview of the New SPC 147 Requirements and Presentation of the Various Methods Pros and Cons
Dan Miles, Ph.D., Member, Vacuum Technology Inc., Oak Ridge, TN
Modeling SEER Rated Equipment
Sponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations, 08.11 Unitary and Room Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Chair: Duncan Synan McClellan, P .E., Member, Clark Nexsen, Norfolk, VA
Overview of New Active System Monitoring Requirements and Field Examples of Operating Systems
Robert Sperl, Member, Wegmans, Hunt Valley, MD
ASHRAE has formed a working group with input from REHVA to publish a new design guide for Cold Climates which will be the most up to date technical publication covering this subject. It will be published in 2014 and must deal with topics across all ASHRAE membership areas including North and South America, Europe, Scandinavia, Asia and any other areas that members work in or design for. It must deal with zero carbon energy usage, which is an upcoming requirement, and advise on technical risks associated with newly emerging renewable technologies and other areas of development. This forum invites members to advise the scope and content to be covered to help guide this work.

Geothermal Systems: Simulation, Design and Operation
Efficient heating and cooling through exchange with the environment is increasing in popularity due to recent advances and energy efficiency. Adoption and expansion of these systems internationally and in residential buildings has become significant due to recent advancements. New advancements and experience with these systems is presented for several markets, both domestically and internationally.
Wednesday, 1/30, 9:45 a.m.10:45 a.m.

Effective Use of Rate Rational and Spreadsheet for Standard 62.1
Sponsor: SSPC 62.1 Chair: Jeff K. Smith, Georgia Power Co., McDonough, GA
The Performance Rating Method of ASHRAE 90.1 requires the modeling of SEER rated equipment in various baseline systems types. This can create issues if your modeling software does not accept SEER as an explicit input. What is SEER and how is it defined? Is there a conversion between SEER and EER? Depending on where you look, you may find there is more than one way to define SEER. This seminar explores three different methods of modeling SEER rated equipment.
What Should An ASHRAE Certified Integrated Building Control Design Professional (IBCDP) Know?
Design of a Vertical, Closed-Loop, Geothermal Condenser for Domestic Air Conditioning

Rehan Khalid1, Abdul Rasheed Choudhry, Student Member1, Muhammad Faizan Rabbani1, Muhammad Faseeh Imam1, Dr. Mohammad Sultan Khan, Member2 and Dr. Tariq Saeed Khan, Associate Member1, (1)Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan, (2)Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Sponsor: 01.04 Control Theory and Application, SGPC-13 Specifying DDC Chair: Barry B. Bridges, P .E., Member, Sebesta Blomberg, Roseville, MN
Modeling Part-Load Performance for SEER Rated Equipment

Duncan Synan McClellan, P .E., Member, Clark Nexsen, Norfolk, VA
Reliability Concerns for Data Center IT Equipment: Contamination Issues, Standards Actions, and Case Studies
Sponsor: 09.09 Mission Critical Facilities, Technology Spaces and Electronic Equipment, 02.03 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment Chair: Christopher O. Muller, Member, Purafil Inc., Doraville, GA Particulate and Gaseous Contamination in Data Centers: Recent Developments
Prabjit Singh, Ph.D., Member, IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY
This seminar demostrates the effective use of the Rate Rational spreadsheet for ASHRAE Standard 62.1. The spreadsheet was developed to educate designers on the proper implementation of the standard and its effective use to meet both todays ventilation and energy requirements.
This forum explores the possibility of a new ASHRAE certification for a building control design professional. What specific knowledge should an individual with this certification have? The fundamentals of control, valve selection criteria, damper sizing, temperature sensor span, and PID loop tuning are only a portion of what is relevant to todays systems. An HVAC controls expert must also know IT standards, networking protocols, gateways, routers, integration to non HVAC systems, network security, backup requirements, uninterruptable power and similar IT or IP issues.
Geothermal assisted domestic air-conditioning is becoming a popular trend in the Middle-East and Southeast Asian countries owing to its economic power consumption and relatively stable performance as compared to air conditioners using air-cooled condensers. Their longer life and minimal maintenance makes them ideal for domestic use in lower income economies. In this present study, the heat transfer from the underground buried vertical pipes has been modeled. The model incorporates the length of copper and stainless steel piping needed to condense R-22 from superheated condition to a sub-cooled state. Multiple Nusselt number correlations have been employed to calculate the length of the two-phase and single phase regions of the condenser in order to determine the required surface area of the condenser piping. Simulation and Experimental Study of a Thermosiphon Defrosting Technique for Air-Source Heat Pumps
Paul Byrne1, Jacques Miriel1, Redouane Ghoubali1 and Laurent Serres, Ph.D.1, (1)Universit de Rennes, Rennes, France
Effective Use of Rate Rational and Spreadsheet

Hoy R. Bohanon, P .E., Member1 and Andrew K. Persily, Ph.D., Member2, (1)Working Buildings, Winston-Salem, NC, (2)National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
Wednesday, 1/30, 11 a.m.12:30 p.m.

Predictive Modeling and Simulation of Novel HVAC Design
Sponsor: 04.07 Energy Calculations Chair: Charles E. Henck, Whitman, Requardt & Associates LLP , Baltimore, MD
Corrosion in Refrigeration Piping Systems
Sponsor: 10.03 Refrigerant Piping Chair: John J. Sluga, Member, Hansen Technologies Corp., Bolingbrook, IL
Data Center Case Studies: Contamination Assessment, Control, and Monitoring

Christopher O. Muller, Member, Purafil Inc., Doraville, GA
Fan Energy Efficiency: Quantifying the Savings
Refrigerant piping and insulation are key components in a refrigeration system. Breakdown in these areas can effect the systems overall performance. In addition, its integrity and life can be compromised. This seminar will discuss the causes, prevention and effects of corrosion of the various components in the refrigeration piping. Degregation of the piping insulation direct-
Defrosting sequences usually decrease the winter performance of air-source heat pumps. The most common defrosting technique uses a cycle inversion to carry out condensation at the previously frosted air evaporator. The drawbacks of reversed cycle defrosting are a break in the heat production and a performance loss using the heat stock previously constituted as a source for evaporation. The mean performance also decreases due to lower heat transfer coefficients when the fins of the air evaporator are frosted. This article presents a heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling (named HPS) to face frosting problems using an alternating operating sequence. Development of Residential Ground-Source Integrated Heat Pump
Keith Rice1, Van D. Baxter, P .E., Fellow ASHRAE1, Jeffrey Munk1, Bo Shen1, Shawn Hern2 and Timothy McDowell3, (1)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, (2)ClimateMaster, Inc., Oklahoma City, OK, (3)Thermal Energy System Specialists, LLC, Madison, WI
Sponsor: 05.01 Fans, Cosponsor: 05.09 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities Chair: Tim Mathson, Memner, Greenheck, Schofield, WI
In an effort to reduce energy consumption of fans, minimum Fan Efficiency
Predictive modeling approaches, both numerical and physical, are presented for novel HVAC applications. Approaches using various systems including cogeneration cycles for simultaneous heating and cooling, novel numerical methods and unique approaches to common issues are presented.
A residential-size ground-source integrated heat pump (GSIHP) system has been developed
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valuable to practicing engineers in the industry in designing the displacement ventilation systems. Developing and Validation of a Fan Model in HVAC Systems
Nabil Nassif, Ph.D., P .E., Associate Member, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC
and is currently being field tested. The system is a nominal 2-ton cooling capacity, variablespeed unit, which is multi-functional, e.g. space cooling, space heating, dedicated water heating, and simultaneous space cooling and water heating. High-efficiency brushless permanentmagnet motors are used for the compressor, indoor blower, and pumps to obtain the highest component performance and system control flexibility. Laboratory test data were used to calibrate a vapor-compression simulation model for each of the four primary modes of operation. The model was used to optimize the internal control options and to simulate the selected internal control strategies, such as controlling to a constant air supply temperature in the space heating mode and a fixed water temperature rise in water heating modes. Ground Source Heat Pump Operation and Optimal Entering Liquid Temperature Control
Justin M. Marmaras, Student Member1, Jason J. Burbank, P .E., Associate Member1 and Dragoljub B. Kosanovic, Ph.D.1, (1)University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
summarizes the contents of the new Handbook of Smoke Control engineering.

Tall Buildings and the New Ashrae Smoke Control Book
John H. Klote, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, Fire and Smoke Consulting, Leesburg, VA
Sponsor: Environmental Health Committee Chair: Pawel Wargocki, Ph.D., Member, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Denmark
A large portion of energy uses in buildings contributes to air movement devices in buildings. Accurate estimation of fan performance is a key element in maximizing fan efficiency. The paper proposes a new fan model that can be used in several applications such as optimization, fault detection, and modern virtual airflow meter, and it can also be incorporated into any building commercial models. The model can use any two variables among all four variables of airflow rate, total fan pressure, speed, and power as inputs or outputs. Another advantage of this model is the flexibility of the using any size of data for calibration, varying from one, two, or higher for better accuracy, obtained either from manufacturers or field measured data. Field Evaluation of SEER Rating in Hot Dry Climates
John Bush, Associate Member1, Loren Kirkeide2, Bo Xing2, Jan Miller2 and Ronald Domitrovic, Ph.D., Associate Member1, (1)Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN, (2)SRP , Phoenix, AZ
The objective of this seminar is to inform the ASHRAE community on three recently published PDs prepared by EHC. PD on indoor mold and dampness in buildings describes 64 specific decisions have been observed to either minimize or increase the risks associated with indoor moisture accumulation. PD on unvented combustion devices informs on the state of knowledge about gas- and liquid-burning unvented combustion devices, and recommends needed research. PD on indoor air quality informs on the state of knowledge about IAQ and its health and economic benefits from the perspectives of an individual building as well as national levels.
Its Not Just Stack Effect: Latest Advances in Elevator Shaft Pressure Measurements
Luke Leung, P .E., Member, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill LLP , Chicago, IL
Total Evacuation with Elevators?

William A. Webb, P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, WEBB FIRE Protection Consulting, LLC, Brooksville, FL
Save Energy and Improve Occupant Comfort with Advanced VAV Zone Controls
During the construction of the new police station on campus, efforts were made to ensure the building had low operating costs, reduced emissions, and conserved water and overall energy. LEED ratings are key factors in determining whether a company/facility building is green and trying to meet energy efficiency targets consistent with the rest of industry. This paper will discuss different techniques and operational strategies taken to control the ELT of the secondary (building) loop and increase the seasonal COPs of the system. It will also determine the actual average heating and cooling COPs of the heat pumps, which is compared with the performance of a more conventional combustion heating/air cooled system. Development of Fuel Fired Multi-Function Heat Pump
Isaac Mahderekal, Ph.D., P .E., Associate .E., Member1, Bo Shen1 and Edward A. Vineyard, P Member1, (1)Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
The Revised ASHRAE Position Document on Limiting Indoor Mold and Dampness in Buildings
Sponsor: 02.01 Physiology and Human Environment Chair: John L. Stoops, Ph.D., Member, DNV KE
HVAC and water heating equipment consume up to 47% of the total energy consumption in U.S. households. Electric heating and cooling are important contributors to peak electricity demand and water heating also plays a large role in energy expenditures. The development of a residential fuel fired multifunction heat pump that achieves high source energy efficiency for space conditioning and water heating would reduce overall primary energy use for space heating, space cooling, and water heating. The proposed technology (cooling source COP of 1.2, heating source COP of 1.4 and over 30% primary energy usage reduction) results in a significant increase in efficiency compared to present HVAC and water heating equipment. A prototype GHP unit is being tested in our laboratory, and the test data is used to calibrate a steady-state system simulation model. The system modeling is based on a component-based modeling approach, which facilitates flexibly simulated complicated system configurations. We have parametric runs to show the performance trends with varying multiple operation parameters. Further, we conduct system optimization to identify maximum energy efficiencies in each operation mode.
Air conditioning loads are generally the largest consumer of energy in a building for the summer season. Most cooling equipment is labeled with a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER), based on tests outlined by the Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute. The federal government requires all systems to meet standard SEER ratings, and ENERGY STAR ratings are based on SEER. However, the SEER rating test is not necessarily reflective of all climate zones, and uncertainty remains about whether systems with equivalent SEER ratings provide the same efficiency benefits in different regions. In 2011, a large project was deployed around Phoenix, Arizona, to evaluate the actual field performance of air conditioners with a wide range SEER ratings. The project deployed power meters on air conditioning units of over 340 homes, along with indoor temperature sensors. Local weather information and indoor temperature measurements were used to approximate the cooling provided by the HVAC equipment. Based on this information, comparative efficiency of the air conditioners was measured. A Field Study of Occupant Thermal Comfort with Radiant Ceiling Panel Systems
Zachary E. Heise, Student Member1 and Huafen Hu1, (1)Portland State University, Portland, OR
ASHRAE Position Document on Unvented Combustion Devices

Paul W. Francisco, Member, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL
ASHRAE Position Document on Indoor Air Quality

Chandra Sekhar, Fellow ASHRAE, 6565163479, Singapore, Singapore
Lubricant Effects on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drops in Heat Exchangers
Sponsor: 01.03 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Chair: Steve Eckels, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
Despite significant energy savings and over 10 years of installation history, dualmaximum VAV controls have not seen wide market adoption. Most market barriers, both technical and perceived, have been addressed in the past 5 years and the industry is now at the point where wide market adoption is likely. This presentation provides an overview of dual-maximum controls, hardware selection, and design calculations including calculation of ASHRAE Standard 62.1 minimum ventilation rates. This presentation summarizes detailed energy monitoring results of a California Public Interest Energy Research project that ran in parallel to the ASHRAE RP-1515 project (Comfort & Air Quality effects of low minimums) that carried out a field study in 6 large buildings, five on the Yahoo! campus and one county government building.

Innovative Energy Efficient Technologies
Chair: Mike McDermott, Member, Grumman Butkus Associates, Evanston, IL
Hydronic radiant ceiling panel systems have started gaining popularity in the Northwest region of the United States because of their increased energy efficiency and ability to provide superior thermal comfort compared to traditional forced air systems. Yet little evidence supporting these claims has been collected through field studies. This research presents a field study on occupant thermal comfort in an office space which is heated and conditioned with a radiant ceiling panel system. This study will report the results of a thermal comfort survey administered to ~200 of the 500 regular occupants of the Port of Portland building. The survey is structured to collect data regarding the occupants average thermal comfort satisfaction over the cooling & heating seasons. The study aims to report the group mean results as well as identifiable trends in the data based on occupant proximity to exterior walls and location within the building. Avoiding System Problems When Using Expansion Tanks
Robert Polchinski, P .E., Member, New York City College of Technology, Brooklyn, NY
In space conditioning vapor compression cycles often provide cooling and heating to the building all year around. The working fluid is a refrigerant and oil mixture. A small amount of lubricating oil is needed to lubricate and to seal the sliding parts of the compressors. In heat exchangers the oil in excess penalizes the heat transfer and increases the flow losses: both effects are highly undesired but yet unavoidable. This seminar provides an overview of the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of refrigerant and lubricant mixtures in heat exchangers. The seminar covers various applications from ammonia systems to HFO refrigerants. The seminar will assist engineers in the proper selection of the lubricant and refrigerant pairs.
Advanced VAV Zone Control Overview

Steve Taylor, P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, Taylor Engineering, Alameda, CA
Energy Savings From Reduced VAV Box Minimum Flow

Gwelen Paliaga, Member, Taylor Engineering, Alameda, CA
Occupant Comfort Under Reduced Minimum VAV Flow Rates

Edward A. Arens, Ph.D., Member, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
SEMINAR (ADVANCED)
Thermoelectric Cooling: New Applications for an Old Idea
Effects of Lubricants on Refrigerant Flow Boiling Heat Transfer: Past Work, Present Research, and Future Possibilities
Lorenzo Cremaschi, Ph.D., Member, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
Sponsor: 01.01 Thermodynamics and Psychrometrics Chair: J. Steven Brown, Ph.D., Member, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
The Effect of Oil and Fouling on the Thermal Performance of an Enhanced Tube Shell-and-Tube Ammonia DX Evaporator
Zahid Ayub, Ph.D., P .E., Fellow ASHRAE, Isotherm, Inc., Arlington, TX
A significant portion of energy consumption can be contributed to the HVAC&R systems. Accurate estimation of system performance is a key element in maximizing efficiency. The papers in this session elaborate on energy efficient technologies and strategies to improve on energy consumption.
A Comparative Analysis of Displacement Ventilation with the Overhead Mixing Systems

Kishor Khankari, Ph.D., Member, Syska Hennessy Group, Ann Arbor, MI
Stratified air ventilation systems such as displacement ventilation can provide better indoor air quality with enhanced ventilation effectiveness compared to the traditional overhead mixing systems. This paper, with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, will provide a comparative study between the displacement ventilation with the traditional overhead mixing system for the same space with the same sensible heat loads. The analysis provided in this paper will be
The expansion tank is one of the basic components of a hydronic heating system. The expansion tank is often described as the point of no pressure change, but this is not accurate. Many textbooks and handbooks address the pump/expansion tank relationship, but provide incomplete information with regard to the thermal pressure increase. This paper will present the basics of properly sizing an expansion tank, the expansion tank as pressure reference point, and the systems effect due to the location of the tank. Several scenarios will be presented that demonstrate the principles involved and the pressure problems that can result from the placement of the tank relative to the pump and boiler. In the end, a more complete guide to expansion tank considerations and recommendations will be developed.
Properties of Low Global Warming HFO1234ze(E) and HFO-1234ze(E) Blends with Lubricants for the Design of Heat Exchangers
Christopher Seeton, Ph.D., Member, Honeywell, Buffalo, NY
Recent Developments in High Rise Building Design
Sponsor: 09.12 Tall Buildings, 05.06 Control of Fire and Smoke Chair: John J. Carter, Member, CPP , Inc., Fort Collins, CO
Thermoelectric effect, which induces heat flow through thermoelectric (TE) materials by electric current, is widely used in niche cooling application and was not able to penetrate the HVAC&R industry due to performance limitation at high temperature lift conditions. Thermoelectric cooling is an environmentally benign technology; it eliminates the need for refrigerant flow in the system. This seminar presents recent developments in thermoelectric cooling technology and potential HVAC&R system efficiency improvements. The topics covered include a hybrid vapor compression cycle/TE system for cold climate operation, a high performance thin film thermoelectric device, and optimal design methodology of TE for cost effective cooling, heating and power.
Application of Thermoelectric Modules for Vapor Injection Heat Pump System Under Cold Climate Operation
Yunho Hwang, Ph.D., Member, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
ASHRAE Position on Limiting Indoor Mold and Dampness in Buildings, Unvented Combustion Devices and Indoor Air Quality: Review of 3 Recently Published ASHRAE Position Documents
Tall buildings are getting taller. This seminar highlights emerging techniques that can be used to deal with HVAC and fire issues in tall, and taller, buildings. Topics range from basic principles,to using elevators for egress and the the misuse and misunderstanding of stack effect pressures. The godfather of smoke control
Electro-Thermal Co-Optimum Design of Thermoelectric for Cost Effective CHP Generation

Kazuaki Yazawa, Ph.D., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
High Performance Thin Film Thermoelectric Devices for HVAC Applications

Uttam Ghoshal, Ph.D., Sheetak Inc., Austin, TX

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2013 ASHRAE Winter Conference

Jan. 2630 M Dallas, Texas

PHOTO: DCVBClay Coleman

Sunday, Jan. 27 8 a.m.9:30 a.m.

CONFERENCE PAPER SESSION (INTERMEDIATE)

Track: HVAC&R Systems & Equipment

CONFERENCE PAPER SESSION (INTERMEDIATE)

Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m.9:30 AM

Sunday, January 27, 8 a.m.9:30 AM

Visit www.ashrae.org/dallas for updated conference information.

2013 ASHRAE Winter Conference Technical Program

Economics of Low Harmonic Drives

A Ground-Coupled Dynamic Wall System for New and Existing Structures

Study of Two Large Building Harmonic Mitigation Cases

CONFERENCE PAPER SESSION (INTERMEDIATE)

TC 5.9 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities

TC 9.2 Industrial Air Conditioning

TC 9.3 Transportation Air Conditioning

Sunday, 1/27, 9:45 a.m.10:45 a.m.

Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy Improvements

Diagnosing & Fixing a Major Mold Growth Problem in a Health Clinic

ASHRAE Policies and Differences with Other Societies

Profession Stamping of Plans and SpecifIcations

The Influence of Organizational Culture and Context on Conduct and Behavior

Schools As Pediatric Environments

Research Studies On IEQ in Classrooms

School IEQ Sensor Development and Application

Sunday, 1/27, 11 a.m.12:30 p.m.

Elements of EPAs School Environmental Health and IAQ Programs

Centrifugal Pumping and Pump Types

Pump Selection for Open and Closed Loop Systems

Differential Pressure Controlled Pumps

Parametric Investigation of PCM Thermal Properties on Energy Demand of Buildings in Toronto

Proper Application of IEEE 519

Sunday, January 27, 11 a.m.12:30 PM

Visit www.ashrae.org/dallas for updated conference information.

2013 ASHRAE Winter Conference Technical Technical Program Program

Piljae Im, Ph.D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

Foundation Heat Exchangers - Feasible Climates for Utilization

Hood Selection and Appliances

Exhaust Air Quality

Exhaust Ductwork, Duct Design, Fan Considerations and Selection

Fire Safety and Protection

Analysis of Energy Reduction Opportunities in a High Rise Office Building

Sunday, 1/27, 1:30 p.m.3 p.m.

Building Stock DataUnderstanding the Regions Building Energy Footprint

Efficiencies in Rail Tunnel Ventilation Design From Jet Fans

Track: Facility Management; Operations, Technology and Energy Improvements

A Statistical Approach to Detect Abnormal Building Energy Consumption with ABCAT

The Art and Science of Building Enclosure Commissioning

An Integrated Heat Transfer Attic and MultiRoom Thermal Building Model

Sunday, January 27, 1:30 p.m.3 PM

CONFERENCE PAPER SESSION (INTERMEDIATE)

Track: Energy Conservation

Chair: Charles E. Henck, Whitman, Requardt & Associates LLP , Baltimore, MD

Foundation Heat Exchangers Modeling and Validation

Visit www.ashrae.org/dallas for updated conference information.

2013 ASHRAE Winter Conference Technical Program

An Infared Sphere Method to Measure Mean Radiant Temperature

Thermostat Set Point Temperature Prediction Using an Integrated Zonal Model

Integration of the CKV System with Building HVAC

Kitchen Ventilation of Overall System Design - Codes, Standards, Energy Considerations

Interior Building Environments and Their Impacts On Building Enclosures