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Lesson Overview
The lesson is defining terms and concepts. It gives important messages regarding sanitation. Content of Lesson 1
Lesson Overview [1.0] Important Messages [1.1] Definition of Sanitation [1.2] Centralized & Decentralized Sanitation [1.3] Ecological Sanitation [1.4] Sanitation Options [1.5]
After this lesson you will have a clear idea of the vast and often different concepts and interpretations of sanitation . The lesson will give you a good basis for the whole course, as you get the understanding of sanitation as used in the course, what it entails and what it is about.
Time needed
Time needed to complete this lesson: 45 min
Keywords
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MDGs = Millennium Development Goals State of emergency Industrial waste products Hazardous wastes Improved sanitation Hygiene Centralised sanitation systems Decentralised (on-site) sanitation systems Dry systems, Water based systems Ecological sanitation (Ecosan) Ladder of sanitation options
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Definition of Sanitation
There are diverse definitions of sanitation but most commonly, it is understood that sanitation aims to remove and dispose of human waste (excreta and urine) and wastewater in such a way that it creates convenience and privacy for the users, and creates a hygienic environment which reduces the risks of pathogen transmission from human waste. Some definitions take account of the removal of stormwater, hospital waste, industrial waste and solid waste.
Content of Lesson 1
Lesson Overview [1.0] Important Messages [1.1] Definition of Sanitation [1.2] Centralized & Decentralized Sanitation [1.3] Ecological Sanitation [1.4] Sanitation Options [1.5]
If we summarise, we can say that Sanitation comprises: Safe collection, storage, treatment and disposal/reuse/recycling of human excreta (faeces and urine) Management/re-use/recycling of solid waste (rubbish), (not considered in this course) Collection and management of industrial waste products Management of hazardous wastes (including hospital wastes, chemical and other risky substances).
Improved Sanitation
The term improved sanitation has been used in the MDGs and defined by the Joint Monitoring Programme of WHO/UNICEF 2006 and includes: Ventilated improved pit latrine Pit latrine with slab Only private facilities are considered to be improved! Not considered as improved sanitation are: Flush/pour flush to elsewhere (excreta are flushed to the street, yard or plot, open sewer, ditch, drainage way, channel river or stream); Pit latrine without slab/open pit; Bucket; Hanging toilet/hanging
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latrine; No facilities or bush/field Setting up a safe and adequate disposal and evacuation facility for waste water at the household level is not sufficient, if it is not treated! Hygiene comprises the following issues: Safe water storage Safe hand washing practices Safe treatment of food stuffs Sanitation and Hygiene are two different issues!
retain for this course the definition considering Sanitation as an entire chain of evacuation, collection, transport, treatment, disposal, reuse of wastewater and sludge management, excluding solid waste. This includes human, hospital, industrial waste water and stormwater, and also applies equally to centralized or decentralized wastewater system as well as to combined or separate stormwater & wastewater networks.
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Lesson 1: Sanitation Concepts / Centralized & Decentralized Sanitation [1.3] 2010 by InWEnt gGmbH
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Content of Lesson 1
Lesson Overview [1.0] Important Messages [1.1] Definition of Sanitation [1.2] Centralized & Decentralized Sanitation [1.3] Ecological Sanitation [1.4] Sanitation Options [1.5]
Aspects to be considered: Health Environment and natural resources Technology and operation Financial and economic issues Socio-cultural and institutional aspects.
In order to fully understand the spirit and the dimensions of the Sustainable Sanitation, a specific paragraph is dedicated to deal in detail with the Ecosan approach. You find more information on Ecosan later in this Module.
Detail
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Content of Lesson 1
Lesson Overview [1.0] Important Messages [1.1] Definition of Sanitation [1.2] Centralized & Decentralized Sanitation [1.3] Ecological Sanitation [1.4] Sanitation Options [1.5]
[ Financing wastewater collection and treatment in relation to the Millennium Development Goals and World Summit on Sustainable Development targets on water and sanitation UNEP 2004. Click the image to enlarge it. ]
The figure shows the Ladder of Sanitation options. The different levels of sanitation service and technology have different costs. Going up the ladder of sanitation options progressively moves to higher levels of service with network based solutions at the top and on-site sanitation at the bottom.
Resources | Exercises
Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development
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