WORLD

INDIAN
ae-b mfw

Are you a book worm or a bibliophile?

Book worm: (]pkvXI-p-gp): Devoted to books
only for learning facts for the purpose of scoring
marks.
Bibliophile (]p-kvXI kvt\ln): A genuine lover
of books.
The literature includes fiction, non fiction,
fables, travelogues, poetry etc.
Fiction is writing that the author creates from
imagination (I-ev]n-X-I-Y).
Non fiction is writing about real life.
Eg. essays, history, biography, autobiography
etc.
Fact Fiction
Fable : A moral story. (kmtcm-]-tZi IY-I)
Aesops Fable contains moral stories of
animals.
Travelogue : Experiences of an author as a
traveller (kmc-km-ln-Xyw).
Sonnet : A poem of fourteen lines.
Elegy : A poem mourning someones death
(hnem-]-Im-hyw).
Burlesque : A literary work that uses
exaggeration or imitation for ridicule
(lm-kym-\p-I-c-Ww)
Farce : An excessive comedy.
({]-l-k-\w)
Satire : A ridiculing comedy (Bt-]-lm-kyw)
Plagiarism : Stealing ones creative work.

Find out the oddman

(a) Lampoon
(b) Satire
(c) Comedy
(d) Tragedy
Dcw (d) Tragedy: ap-h Fmw tIma-Un-I-fm-Wv.
Lampoon Fm Hcp hynsb tXtPm-h[w
sNp Xc-n-ep At-]-lm-ky-am-Wv
(satire).

Lyrics : `mh-Ko-X-

Epics : CXn-lm-k-

Ode : ko\w

Saga : Record of the oral part of history.

Biography : Poh-N-cn{Xw
Parallel Lives is the first biography in literature. Its author is Plutarch.

Autobiography : B-IY

Memoirs : kvac-Wn-II

Reminiscence : Hm-p-dn-p-I

Catharsis : Purification or purgation of emotions

through drama. Greek critics considered
Catharsis as the aim of tragedies.

Greek Literature

222

Greek literature(bh\ kmln-Xyw) is the oldest

and most influential national literature in the western
world.

Greek culture is also known as Hellenic Culture

Iliad and Odyssey are the two famous Greek

epics written by Homer.
Iliad tells the story of Trojan War. Its hero is
Achilles.

Achilles heel Fsmcp ssien Xs-bp-v.

The weak point or vulnerable point in one Fm-WnXns Aw.
{Kov lotdm Bbn-cp An-e-kns\ h[n-Xv
Av At-l-ns Dp-n-bn Xd-n-nm-Wv. Hcp
hcw knn--Xn\m At-l-ns ico-c-n asmcn-Spw Atn-m-bn-cp-p.
Odyssey relates to the adventures of the
Greek hero Odysseus or Ulysses.
Odyssey: Therefore the word also means a long,
hazardous, adventurous journey.

Well known Greek dramatists are Aeschylus,

Sophocles, Euripides and Aristophanes.
Aristophanes wrote comedies, and others are
classical tragedy writers.
Dramatist = Playwright

Herodotus : Father of history.

Demosthenese : Well known Greek orator.

Xenophon : Greek historian, philosopher and

soldier. Ctlw tkm{I-o-kns injy-\m-bncpp.
Sophocles
: Oedipus the King
Oedipus Complex : An unconscious sexual
desire that a son feel for
his mother.
Electra Complex
: An unconscious sexual
feeling that a daughter
feels for her father.
Plato
: The Republic

Socrates was a famous Greek Philosopher.

Hemlock : tkm{I- o- k ns\ h[n- m
\Inb hnjw.
tkm{I-o-kns injy-\m-bn-cpp ttm,
ttm-bpsS injy Acn-tm-n.
Aristotle : Poetics, Politics
Aristotle was the tutor of Alexander the
Great
Nostradamas : Centuries
There is a general feeling that the predictions
made by Nostradamas in his books proved
to be true in modern times.
The motto of Epicurean philosophy - Eat, drink
and be merry, for tomorrow we may die.
Hedonism is another name for Epicurean
philosophy.
Sappho was the famous Greek poetess.
Nikos Kazantzakis : The Last Temptation of
Christ.
Cu ]pkvX-I-amWv {InkvXp-hns Bdmw Xncpap-dnhv F \mSIambn ]n.-Fw. BWn ae-bmf-n Ah-X-cn-n--Xv.

Latin Literature
The writings of ancient Rome are classified as
Latin Literature.

Virgil : Aeneid
The hero of Aeneid is Aeneas.

Horace is another well known Latin writer who

specialised in both lyric and satire.

Seneca is the well known stoic philosopher

of the first century AD.
Stoic means unmoved by either pain or pleasure.

Ovid : Metamorphoses

TOPPERSCORNER
Novel : F hmns Aw ]pXn-bXv (new)
F-Xm-Wv.
Murasaki Shikibu of Japan wrote the first novel
in the world The Tale of Genji.
A Summary of French History, Century by Century
is the first book for the blind printed in 1837 using
braille, a system of raised dots invented by Louis
Braille.
The Murder in the Rue Morgue written by Edgar
Allan Poe is the first true detective story.
Whodunit = detective story
Journey to the Centre of Earth written by Jules
Verne is the first science fiction (imkv{X-t\m- h).
Sully Prudhomme, the French poet won the first
Nobel Prize for Literature (1901).

Italian Literature

Dante
Giovanni Boccaccio

:
:

The Divine Comedy

Deccameron
Stories
Nicholo Machiavelli : The Prince
IuSn- ys A- im-kv{X-tmSv D]-an-mhp ]pkvX-I-amWv Zn {]nkv.
Bkq-{Xn-X-ambn IW-p-Iq-ep-I \Sn
AXn-\-\p-k-cnv X{-]qw Bfp-Isf

223

Ipcp-p--hns\ Machiavellian villain

Fp hnfn-p-p.
Petrarch is the Italian poet celebrated for his
sonnets.

Mario Puzo (USA) : The Godfather

am^nb (mafia) kwL-v t]cv tI

e-amWv C-en-bnse knkn-en. knknen-bn \npw Ata-cn- sFIy-\m-SpI-fn-tev IpSn-tb-dnb Hcp IpSpw-_ns IY-bmWv tKmUv ^mZ-dnse DS-w.

Pope John Paul II : Crossing the Threshold of

Hope.

224

{^v Xz-Nn--bnse {Xnaqn-I F-dnb-s-Sp--h-cmWv, Montesquieu, Voltaire and

Rousseau
Rousseau
:
The Social Contract
Man is born free but everywhere he is in
chains is a quote of Rousseau.
Liberty, equality, fraternity, the slogan of
French Revolution, are also the words of
Rousseau
Balzac : 19mw \qm-nse {]i-kvX-\mb {^v
t\mh-en-v. The Human Comedy bmWv {][m-\Ir-Xn.
Guy de Maupassant : {]ikvX {^v sNdp-IYm-Ir-v. {][m\ IY Ball of Fat.
Albert Camus :
The Outsider
:
The Rebel
:
The Plague
Jean-Paul Sartre:
Age of Reason.
Sartre refused to accept the Nobel Prize for
Literature.
He belonged to the class of writers known
as existentialists. (AkvXn-z-hm-Zn-I)

:
:

Les Miserables
The Hunchback of
Notre Dame
\me-mv \mc-b-W-ta-t\m Les Miserables
F t\mh-ens\ ]mh- F t]cn
Xa sNbvXn-p-v.
Alexander Dumas : The Count of Monte
Cristo
: The Three Musketeers
Emile Zola
: Nana
Jules Verne
: Around the World in
EightyDays

Jules Verne was the founder of the science

fiction novel (imkv{X t\mh-ep-I)

German Literature

French Literature

Victor Hugo

Goethe

:
:

Dr. Faust
The Sorrows of Young
Werther
Sigmond Freud :
Interpretation of Dreams
knv t{^mbn-Uns \mSv Bkv{Sn-b.
Herman Hesse : Siddhartha

Hesse, the winner of the Nobel Prize for

Literature - 1946, is the grandson of Herman
Gundert (sla Kpv).
Gunter Grass : The Tin Drum (X-I-c-s-)
He won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1999.
Adolf Hitler
: Mein Kampf
Hitler was known as Fuhrer (the leader) The
meaning of the term Mein Kampf is My
Struggle.
Karl Marx
: Das Capital (aqe-[-\w)
Communist Manifesto was jointly written
by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848.
Franz Kafka
: The Castle
: The Trail
: The Metamorphosis

His vision of lonely individuals trapped in

bureaucratic or legal labyrinths (\nb-a-pcp-p-I) can be seen as a powerful
metaphor for modern experience.
Friedrich Nietzsche (s{^-U-dnIv \ntj) was a
well known German philosopher. He argued that
God is dead and therefore people were free to
create their own values.

\mkn-k-ns hnp-I Ct-l-ns

Xz-Nn--I-fn thtcm-Sp- -Xmbn ImWmw.
Hcp AXn-a-\p-jys krjvSn (Superman)

bpsS Bh-iy-IX Ct-l-ns XzNn shfn-s-Sp-p-p.

American Literature

America is known as New England.

Washington Irving
: Rip Van Winkle
Harriet Beecher Stowe : Uncle Toms Cabin
ASn-a-Xz-n-s\-Xnsc Fgp-X-s t\mh
Nathaniel Hawthorne : The Scarlet Letter
Herman Melville
: Moby Dick
Hcp jmv ({km-hv) s\ tI{-I-Ym-]m-{X-amn
Fgp-Xnb t\mh.
Ralph Waldo Emerson : Self Reliance
: Nature
Mark Twain
: Adventures of Tom
Sawyer
: Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn
amIvsSzbns bYm-t]cv Samuel Clemens
Robert Frost
: The Pasture,
: Mending Wall
The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep
And miles to go before I sleep.
are the famous lines of Robert Frost
William Faulkner
: The Sound and the
Fury

Thomas Paine : English left wing, political writer.

His impotant books are the Commonsense, The
Rights of Man. He was active in American and
French Revolutions. Ata-cn- hn-h-n\v
{]tNm-Z\w \Inb ]pkvX-I-amWv Commonsense.

Henry David Thoreau :

Walden

Civil Disobedience.

Walt Whitman

Leaves of Grass

Sylvia Plath

The Bell Jar

{]ikv X Ata- c n- Ih-b n-{ Xn- bmb

knhn-b 29-mw hb-kn B-lXy
sNbvXp. Cwojv Ihn Ted Hughes s\
hnhmlw Ignp Fnepw ]noSv Ah
th]n-cn-p.

Earnest Hemingway : The Old Man and the

Sea
: A Farewall to Arms
: For Whom the Bell
Tolls
: The Snows of
Kilimanjaro
1954 slnMv thbv v t\m_ km\w
e`n-p.
He committed suicide to end his colourful literary and
adventurous life.

EXTRAPOINTS

1949 t^m-\v kmln-Xy-n\v

t\m_ km\w e`n-p.
Ezra Pound
: A Retrospect (Essay)
Eugine ONeil
: Emperor Jones (Drama)
Arthur Miller
: Death of a Salesman
(Drama)
Hellen Keller was the U.S deaf and blind author
and educator.

World Book Day and Copyright Day

- April 23
April 23 is the birthday as well as the death
day of William Shakespeare, the English
dramatist.
International Book Year (UN)-1972
World Literacy Day: September 8
World Mother Language Day: February 21
International Literacy Year - 1990
Year of Books (India)2001-02
Books for All and All for Books slogan
for the Year of Books (2002)
UNESCO has adopted New Delhi as the World
Books Capital for 2003.

English Literature

Geoffrey Chaucer
: The Canterbury
Tales
Chaucer is the father of English poetry.

Pearl. S. Buck
: Good Earth
Lewis Caroll
: Alice in Wonderland
Charles Dickens : The Pickwick Papers,
: A Tale of Two Cities

225

226

:
:
:
:

David Copperfield
Oliver Twist
Great Expectations
Robinson Crusoe

Daniel Defoe
Sir Arthur Conan
Doyle
: The Adventures of
Sherlock Holmes
T.S. Eliot
: The Waste Land.
: Murder in the Cathedral
E.M. Forster
: A Passage to India.
Oliver Goldsmith : The Vicar of Wakefield
Jane Austen
: Pride and Prejudice
: Sense and Sensibility
John Milton
: Paradise Lost
: Paradise Regained
George Orwell
: Nineteen Eighty Four
: Animal Farm

All animals are equal, some animals are

more equal is a quote from Animal Farm.

The Bard of Avon

kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-nse A\-iz-c-\mb \mS-I-IrmWv hnyw tjIvkv]n-b (1564 1616). Bard
of Avon F t]cn Ctlw Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
Bard = Poet

Cw-nse Stratford Upon Avon BWv

tjIvkv]n-b-dpsS P--ew.

April 23, Shakespeares death anniversary

(also birth anniversary) is observed as
World Book Day every year.

Cy tjIvkv]n-b F-dn-b-s-Sp-Xv
Imfn-Zm-k\mWv.

Henry VI Part I is Shakespeares first play

and The Tempest is supposed to be his
last play.

Shakespeare wrote 37 dramas, a few poems and numerous sonnets.

Major Tragedies of Shakespeare
Hamlet
Romeo and Juliet
King Lear
Othello
Macbeth
Major Comedies of Shakespeare
A Midsummer Nights Dream
The Merchant of Venice
Much Ado About Nothing

As You Like It
Twelfth Night
Alls Well that Ends Well
The Comedy of Errors
Loves Labours Lost
Roman Plays of Shakespeare
JuliusCeasar
Antony and Cleopatra
Coriolanus
Ceaser and Cleopatra F IrXn George
Bernard Shaw bptS-Xm-Wv.
Other important Plays of Shakespeare
The Taming of the Shrew
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Measure for Measure
The Winters Tale
The Tempest
William Wordsworth is
the most famous nature
poet in English literature.
Child is the father of
man F {]kn- -hmp-I Wordsworth
Wo rdswor th
tXm-Wv.
John Keats : Ode on a Grecian Urn
Beauty is truth, and truth beauty and
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever Heard
melodies are sweet but those unheard are
sweeter are the famous lines of Keats.
Sir Thomas Moore : Utopia
kaz kp-c-amb Hcp BZi-tem-I-amWv
Dtm-]y.
Utopian ideas Fm {]mhn-I-am- m
Ign-bm Bi-b- FmWv Aw.
R.L. Stevenson : The Treasure Island
H.G. Wells
: Time Machine
: The Invisible Man
Oscar Wilde
: The Importance of
Being Earnest
John Ruskin
: Unto This Last

Unto This Last is the book which

influenced Mahatma Gandhi to have a new
vision in life.
George Bernard Shaw
: The Apple Cart
: Arms and the Man
: Candida

: Caesar and Cleopatra

: Doctors Dilema
Alfred Tennyson : The Lotus Eaters
: In Memmorium
W.M. Thackeray : Vanity Fair
Cu t\mh-ens\ Bkv]-Z-amn aoc-m\m-b
kwhn-[m\w sNbvX kn\n-a-bmWv Vanity
Fair.
Sir William Golding
: Lord of the Flies
Larry Collins &
Dominique Lapiare : Freedom at Midnight
It is about Indias freedom struggle written
in the form of a novel
James Joyce
: Ulysses
Samuel Beckett
: Waiting for Godot
Emily Bronte
: Wuthering Heights
Edmund Burke
: On Government
S.T. Coleridge
: The Ancient Mariner
Edward Gibbon
: History of the Decline
and Fall of the Roman
Empire
Edmund Spenser : Fairie Queen
John Bunyan
: The Pilgrims Progress
Alexander Pope
: Rape of the Lock
John Dryden
: The Battle of Books
Jonathan Swift
: Gullivers Travels
Samuel Richardson : Pamela
Samuel Johnson : well known lexicographer
who compiled the first dictionary in English.
Richard Sheriden : The Rivals
: The School for Scandal
Thomas Grey
: Ode to a Country
Churchyard
Lord Byron
: Child Harolds Pilgrimage
P.B. Shelley
: Ode to the Westwind
: Adonis
If winter comes can spring be far behind
sjn-bpsS hcn-I-fm-Wv.
Walter Scott
: Kennilworth
: Ivanhoe

kn.- h n.- c m- a ]nbmWv tIc- f - nse

hmkvtmv F-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv.
Charles Lamb : Tales from Shakespeare
Elia is Lambs pen name.
Thomas De Quincey: Confession of an
English Opium Eater.
George Eliot
: Adam Bede,
: Silas Marner
: The Mill on the Floss
Mary Ann Evans is the real name of George
Eliot.
Thomas Hardy
: Far from the Madding
Crowd
: The Mayor of Caster
Bridge
: Tess of the dUrberville
: Return of the Native
Most of his novels are set in rural Wessex.
D.H. Lawrence
: Lady Chatterleys
Lover
: Sons and Lovers
Virginia Woolf
: To the Lighthouse
Stream of Consciousness (t_m-[-[mcm coXn)
F cN\m ktXw D]-tbm-Knv t\mh-epI cNn--h-cpsS Iq-n hcp Fgp-pIm-cmWv Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, William Faulkner XpS-n-b-h.
Aldous Huxley
: The Brave New World
Graham Greene
: The Power and Glory
Kingley Amis
: Lucky Jim

Russian Literature

Leo Tolstoy

War and Peace

(bphpw kam-[m-\-hpw)
: Anna Karenina
: Resurrection
(Dbs-gp- tv)
Tolstoy was Mahatma Gandhis favourite
novelist.
Anton Chekov
: Cherry Orchard
Fydor Dostoevskey : Crime and
Punishment

227

Brother Karamazov
Human conflict and psychology are
portrayed well in Dostoevskeys novels.
Maxim Gorky
: The Mother (A-)
The Mother is written in the prerevolutionary background of Russia.

Boris Pasternak
: Dr. Zhivago
tUm. jnhmtKm F ]pkvXIw djy-bn \ntcm[n- n- c p- p. Cu ]pkv X - I - n\v t\m_
km\w \In Fnepw ]m\mv AXv \nckn-p. kmln-X y-n\v BZy-ambn t\m_
km\w e`n djy kmln-Xy-Im- c -\mWv
t_mdnkv ]m\m-v.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn : Cancer Ward
Mikhail Sholokov:And Quiet Flows the Don
Alexander Pushkin: was a well known Russian
poet and writer.

Latin American Literature

ZnW Ata-cn- cmPy--fn Fgp-X-s

kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fmWv emn Ata-cn- kmln-Xyw.
sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-n-sbpw tkzm-[n-]-Xy- n-tbpw
cq]-h-i- A\p-`-hn hen-sbmcp P\-X-bpsS Bmhn-jvIm-c-amWv Cu kmln-Xyw.

Gabriel Garcia Marquez

: One Hundred Years
of Solitude
: Love in the Time of
Cholera
: The Autumn of the
Patriarch
: Of Love and Demons
He won Nobel Prize in 1982.
Magical realism F cN\mcoXn-bmWv
amtmkns\ {it-b-\m-n-b-Xv.
Pablo Neruda : Dario Ruben
temI-{]-i-kvX-\mb Cu Nnen-b Ihnv
1971- km ln- X y- n- \ p t\m _
km\w e`n-p.
Che Guera : Bolivian Diary
kzmX-{-k-ac tk\m-\nbpw hn-h-Im-cnbpw
Kdn t\Xm-hp-am-bn-cp tNKp-hc t_mfnhnb ]m- f-mcm c-km-nzw
hcn-p.
Chilean Poet Gabriela Mistral became the first
Latin American (1945) to receive the Nobel Prize
for Literature.
Octavia Paz (Mexico) : In Light of India

HARRYPOTTER
J.K.Rowling s t\mh ]c--c-bmWv Harry Potter. temI-sa-m-Sp-ap
Ipn-I-fpsS a\-n nc {]XnvT t\Sm lmcn-t]m-v Ign--XmWv
dufnns\ temI {]i-kvX-bmb Fgp-p-Im-cn-bmn amn-b-Xv.
1. Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix
2. Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone
3. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret
4. Harry Potter and Prisoner of Azkaban
5. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
6. The Harry Potter and Half Blood Prince.
The last and 7th book in the serious has been released in 2007 its name is
7. Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows.
lmcn-t]m- ]c-c ChnsS Ah-km-\n-pp FmWv Fgp-p-Imcn kqNn-n--Xv.
Swan Song (lwk-Km-\w): Hcm-fpsS Ah-km\ IrXn As-n Ah-km-\s Ah-X-c-W-n\v
(\m-S-I-\-S, IY-Ifn \S) Swan Song FmWv ]d-bp-I.
Debut: First performance, maiden speech, maiden appearance, BZy {]kwKw, BZym-h-Xc-Ww.

228

 saIvkn- Ihn-bmb Ct-l-n\v 1990-

kmln-Xy-n\v t\m_ km\w e`n-p.
Cy-bnse saIvkn- m\-]-Xn-bmbpw
Ctlw tkh\w A\p-jvTn-n-p-v.

Black Literature

African American Literature

African American literature is written by black

American of African descent.

Toni Morrison
: Jazz
: Song of Solomon
Toni Morrison became the first African
American writer (1993) to be awarded Nobel
Prize for Literature.

Japanese Literature

Kawabata Yasunari : Snow Country

He was the first Japanese (1968) to win Nobel
Prize for Literature

Ancient Indian Authors

PENNAMESOFFAMOUSWRITERS
Names

Wole Soynika
: The Lion and the Jewel
Wole Soynika, the Nigerian author and dramatist is the first African (1986) to receive
Nobel Prize for Literature.
Ken Sara Wiva was the Nigerian poet and human right activist who was hanged by the government for his unconventional views.

Pen Names

Charles Dodgson ........................ Lewis Carroll

Mary Ann Evans ........................... George Eliot

Samuel Clemens ............................ Mark Twain

H.H. Munro............................................... Saki

William Sydney Porter ........................ O. Henry

Charles Dickens ......................................... Boz

Charles Lamb ............................................. Elia

Francis Marie Arouet ............................ Voltaire

Erick Blair ................................... George Orwell

Alexi Maksimov Peshkov .......... Maxim Gorkey

J.K.Chesterton ........................................ Orion

George Bernard Shaw ............................... G.B.S

Anne Bronte ................................... Acton Bell

Charlotte Bronte ..................................... Currer
Emile Herzog ............................ Andre Maurois
Charles Farrar Browne ............... Artemus Ward
Frederic Dannav and Manfred B. Lee
.................................................... Ellery Queen
Emily Bronte ........................................ Ellis Bell
Amandine Dupin .......................... George Sand
David Cornwell ............................. John le Carre
Agatha Christie .................... Mary Westmacott
Benjamin Franklin ......................... Poor Richard

Kalidasa

:
:
:
:
Chanakya
:
Panini
:
Vaghbata
:
Aswaghosh
:
Abul Fazal
:
:
Jayadeva
:
Megasthanese
:
Banabhatta
:
:
Vatsyayana
:
Bhaskaracharya :
:
Manu
:
Visakhadatta
:
Bharata Muni
:
Vishnu Sharma :
Kalhana
:
Harsha Vardhana :
Tiruvalluvar
:
Bilhana
:
Bhavabhoothi
:
Bhasa
:
Sattanar
:
Thulasi Das
:
:

Abhijana Sakuthalam
Malavikagnimitra
Megadoot
Raghuvamsa
Arthasastra
Ashtadhyayi
Ashtangahridaya
Buddhacharita
Ain-i-Akbari
Akbarnama
Gita Govinda
Indica
Kadambari
Harshacharita
Kamasutra
Leelavathi
Siddhanta Shiromani
Manusmriti
Mudrarakshasa
Natyasastra
Panchathantra
Rajatarangini
Ratnavali
Tirukkural
Viramangadevicharitha
Uttara Ramacharitham
Swapnavasavadatta
Manimekhalai
Ramacharitamanas
Vinaya Patrika

229

Indian Literature

Indian Writers in English

Chithirappavai ............................. P.V. Akilandam

The Fall of a Sparrow ............................ Salim Ali
{]i-kvX- ]n\nco--I-\mWv (Ornithologist)
kenw Aen
Ganadevata ............. Tara Shankar Bandopadyaya
Himalayan Blunder ................................ J.P. Dalvi
I am Not an Island ................................ K.A. Abbas
I Dare ...................................... Parmesh Dangwal
CXv Inc t_Zn-bpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-amWv
I Follow the Mahatma ....................... K.M.Munshi
India for Sale ....................... Chitra Subramaniam
India of Our Dreams .......................... K.V. Kamath
A Tribute to Indian Judiciary ..... Poornima Advani
Inside CBI .................................... Joginder Singh
The Judgement ............................... Kuldip Nayyar
Kagaz Te Kanwas ........................... Amrita Pritam
Kanthapura ............................................ Raja Rao
Kanyadaan ................................. Vijay Tendulkar
Kashmir: A Tragedy of Errors .......... Tavleen Singh
Kashmir- Behind the Vale .................... M.J. Akbar
Law Verses Justice ..................... V.R. Krishna Iyer
Maneaters of Kumaon ........................ Jim Corbett
Jim Corbett National Park (Uttaranchal) Ct-lns kvac-Wmw \In-b-Xm-Wv.
Mother India ................................ Katherine Mayo
Pratham Pratishruti ..................... Ashapurna Devi
Reminiscences of the Nehru Era ........ M.O. Mathai
Riding the Nuclear Tiger ........................... N. Ram
Hindu ]{X-ns Editor BWv N. Ram
Satyartha Prakash .. Swami Dayananda Saraswathi
Savithri ...................................... Aurobindo Ghosh
Stolen Harvest ................................. Vandana Siva
{]ikvX ]cn-nXn {]h-I-bmWv h\ inh
Tamas ........................................... Bhishma Sahni
Yama ........................................... Mahadevi Varma
Yayati ........................................... V.S.Khandekar
Years of Pilgrimage .................. Dr. Raja Ramanna
Zulfi my Friend .................................... Piloo Mody

Salman Rushdie
(Settled in England)

Rushdie

Rohinton Mistry
(Settled in Canada)
Anita Desai

Anita Desai

Vikram Seth

Nirad C. Chauduri
(passed away in
in England)
Shashi Tharoor
V.S. Naipaul
(Settled at Trinidad)

Kiran Desai

Shashi Tharoor

Step Across this Line

The Fury
Juguar Smile
Midnights Children
Satanic Verses
The Moors Last Sigh
The Ground Beneath Her Feet

Shalimar the Clown

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Arundhati

Arundhati Roy
(Booker Prize - 1997)

230

Rohinton

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:

Family Matters,
A Fine Balance
Fasting and Feasting
A Village by the Sea

Vikram Seth

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Chauduri

The God of Small Things

The End of Imagination
Greater Common Good
Algebra of Infinite Justice
The Golden Gate,
Avion and the Dolphin
An Equal Music
A Suitable Boy, Two Lives
A Passage to England
The Autobiography of
an Unknown Indian,
Culture in the Vanity Bag
The Great Indian Novel
Gods Own Country
Half a Life
Beyond Belief
A House for Mr. Biswas

:
:
:
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:
:
: In a Free State
: The Enigma of Arrival
: The Inheritance of Loss
She is the daughter of
Anitha Desai and winner
of 2006 Man Booker Prize.

V.S. Naipaul

Kiran Desai

Gitanjali , Chandalika,
Post Office ............................ Rabindranath Tagore
The Coolie,
The Untouchable ........................ Mulk Raj Anand
Life Divine ................................. Aurobindo Ghosh
The Guide,Malgudi Days,
Swami and Friends .......................... R.K. Narayan
Anandmath ,
Durgesh Nandini ...... Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Broken Wings, Bird of Time ............. Sarojini Naidu
Naidu is known as the Nightingale of India
Godan ............................................... Prem Chand
A Train to Pakistan,
Book of Unforgettable Women,
Truth, Love and a Little Malice ... Kushwant Singh

James W. Laine

Vikram seth
Anand Kurian

K. Venkata Subramanian
(He is the member of Planning Commission)
: Transformation of India
as Knowledge of Super
Power : Strategies for
Action
Peter Murray
: World Cup Cricket
s^{_-h-cn-bn \S- temI-Iv {In-pambn _-s BZy ]pkvX-I-am-Wn-Xv
Tyeb Mehta
: Where Art Thou?
Biography of M.F. Hussain
Satish Gujral
: A Brush with Life
Sharat Chandra
Chatterjee
: Devdas
Andrew Morton : Diana, The True Story
Daleep Kaur
: Katha Kaho Urvasi

Amitav Ghosh

: A Hindu King in
Islamic India
: Two Lives
: The Pedler of Soaps

Cy Cwojv t\mh cwKs Fgp-p-Imc\mWv B\-v

IMPORTANTJUBILEESAND
THEIRSPANOFTIME

Celebrations
Years
Iron ........................................................... 5
Tin ........................................................... 10
Crystal ..................................................... 15
China ....................................................... 20
Silver ....................................................... 25
Pearl ......................................................... 30
Coral ........................................................ 35
Ruby........................................................ 40
Sapphire ................................................... 45
Golden ..................................................... 50
Emerald .................................................... 55
Diamond ............................................. 60/65
Platinum ................................................... 75
Centinary ............................................... 100

:
:
:
Stephen Ambrose :
Manil Suri
:
Taslima Nasreen :
:
:
:
:
David Davidar
:

Circle of Reason
The Countdown
The Glass Palace
The Wide Blue
Death of Vishnu
Lajja
French Lover
Untamed Wind
Utal Hawa
My Childhood Days
The House of Blue
Mangoes
Yann Martel
: Life of Pi
2002-se am _p ss{]kv e`n-Xv Cu
]pkXvI-n-\m-Wv.
Raj Kamal Jha
: The Blue Bedspread
Girish Karnad
: The Fire and the Rain
Amit Chaudhari : Freedom Song
Manjula Padmanabhan
: Harvest
Gao Xinggjian
: Soul Mountain
He is the winner of Nobel Prize for Literature
(2000).
Imre Kertesz
: Fateless
: Kudish for a Child Not
Born
He is the winner of Nobel Prize for Literature
2002.
Peter Carey
: True History of
KellyGang
This won the Booker Prize of 2001.

231

THEEASIESTWAYTOCHANGETHEWORLD
p ]pkvX-I-amWv Origin of Species.

temIs amn-a-dn-m FmWv Ffp--amw?

Write and publish books. If masses takes fancy
for your book, the world gets changed.
Interpretation of Dreams: Sigmond Freud
Bkv{Sn-b a\:imkv{X-\mb knv t{^mbvUv
(Sigmond Freud) s Cu
]pkvXIw tem I- n\v
]pXnb Hc-\p-`-h-Xew am{Xa km-\nXv. a\p-jy-a-\ns \nKqU D]-t_m[ Xe-fn-tev Dufn-bn-ndn a\ns kw{`-a-P-\-I--fmb hn{`m-n-Isf Xncn-dn-bm-\p-ap DmgvN Fgp-p-Imv \In.
a\p-jy\v `uXnI cq]-n- \p-]-cn- bmbn kqva-ambn
A{]-{K-Yn--s-tS B-cnI temI-ap-s
Adnhv kmln-Xy-tem-Is am{X-a a\p-jy-N-cn{X-ns\ Xs ASn-apSn kzm[o-\n-p. IYm am[ya--fn a\-:im-kv{X-hn-i-I-e-\-n\v CXv XpSw
Ipdn- p. kmln- X y- n psychoanalysis- \v
]pXnb am\- \Inb asmcp a\:imkv{X-\mWv Karl Jung.
The Origin of Species: Charles Darwin
English \m- dn-en- mb
Charles Darwin s Cu
]pkvXIw bmY-mkvYnXnI
temI-ns\ sRn-p-Ibpw
D dw s IS p p Ibp w
s NbvX- X ns Ae - I
Ctmgpw Ah-km-\n-n-n-.
]cn-]m-h-\-amb ssZh-kr-jvSnbmbn a\p-jy-\ps-sS-bp Poh-Pm-e-sf
Ip-sImv Xr]vXcm-bn-cp Hcp kaq-l-n,
X ]cn-Wmaw hgn krjvSn--sXmsWv
sXfnhv klnXw Xs ]pkvX-I-n {]Xn-]mZnptm sR-ep- m-bn-s -nte Ap-XstS- - X pp. ]cn- W m- a - k n- m- - ns
(Theory of Evolution) A-: k Dsm

232

R.K. Narayan
Margaret Atwood
Pat Barkar
Usha Jesudasan
Manju Kapur
Allan Sealy
Ismail Merchant

:
:
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The Writerly Life

The Blind Assassin
The Ghost Road
I Will Lie Down in Peace
Difficult Daughters
The Everest Hotel
My Passage from India

Descent of Man is Charles Darwins another im-

portant book.
Das Capital (aq-e-[-\w): Karl Marx
{]kn- o-I-cn--s- -tXmsS
temI-N-cn-{X-n\v KXn-amw
(hyXn- b m\w) hcp- nb
]pkv X - I - a mWv
Im d
amIvkns (Karl Marx) Zmkv
Imn- AYhm aqe-[-\w.
temIv tkmjy-en-khpw
Iyq- W n- k hpw hfv
hcm\pw tkmhn- bv bqWn- b,
ssN\, Fn-h-bpsS krjvSnpw Ing- bqtdmy cmPy- sNsmSn ab-am- m\pw Imc- W-amb
{]Xyb imkv{Xns thcp-I aqe-[-\n
ImWmw. a\p- jy- N-cn{Xw \ne- \np Ime- tmfw
Cu ]pkvX-Iw- {]k--am-bn-cn-pw.
Imd amIvkpw s^U-dnv FwKkpw tNv
Fgp- X nb The Communist Manifesto F
IrXnbpw CtXm-sSmw {]k--am-bn.
km-nI cwKv Ne-\- krjvSn IrXnbm-Wv The Wealth of Nations by Adams Smith
Gandhiji sb kzm[o-\n ]pkvX-I-amWv Unto the
Last by John Ruskin.
temI-p Ipn-Isf hnkva-b-ns apap-\bn \ndpn ckn-n-p Fgp-p-Im-cn-bmWv
Harry Potter IY- I - f psS D]- m- X m- h mb
J.K. Rowling.
temI-p {InkvXob hnizm-kn-Isf sNmSn-n
IrXn-bm-Wv Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown
Umhnn tImUv F kn\na kwhn-[m\w
sNbvXXv Ron Howards.
temI-nse Ghpw henb k--\mb _n
tKvkv Ds-sS-bp B[p-\nIsc Ccpn Nnnn IrXn-bmWv The World is Flat by Thomas
L. Friedman.

Judith Cornell

: Healing the Heart of the

World
Biography of Matha Amrithanandamayi by
the Dutch author)
John Kenneth
Galbraith : A China Passage

Stanley Wolfer
: A Tryst with Destiny
Arthur Hailey
: Airport
Janardhan Thakur: All the Prime Ministers
Men
Richard Burton : Arabian Nights
Lewis Wallace
: Benhur
Joseph Heller
: Catch 22
Agatha Christie : The Mouse Trap
Henry Ibsen
: Dolls House
Ibsen is well known as Norwegian dramatist

Fatima Meer
: Higher than Hope
CXv s\k at-e-bpsS Poh Ncn-{XamWv.
Rudyard Kipling : Jungle Book
Michael Crichton : Jurassic Park
Graham Swift
: Last Orders
Thomas Hobbes : Leviathen
Omar Khayyam : Rubiyat
Adam Smith
: Wealth of Nations

Autobiographies
A Passion for Dance .......... Yamini Krishnamurthi
My Music, My Life ........................... Ravi Shankar
Tigers Tale ...................... Mansur Alikhan Pataudi
An Indian Pilgirm ............... Subash Chandra Bose
The Tunnel of Time ............................ R.K. Laxman
Long Walk to Freedom ................. Nelson Mandela
My Experiments with Truth ......... Mahatma Gandhi
In the Afternoon of Time ..... Harivansh Rai Bachan
Man of Everest ............................. Tenzing Norgey
Nothing Venture, Nothing Win Sir Edmund Hillary
Rasidi Ticket .................................. Amrita Pritam

FAMOUSCHARACTERS
ANDTHEIRCREATORS
Desdemona ................................. Shakespeare
Don Juan ...................................... Lord Byron
Anna Karenina ............................ .Leo Tolstoy
Ariel ............................................ Shakespeare
Brutus ......................................... Shakespeare
Christian .................................... John Bunyan
Don Quixote .................................... Cerventes
Gora ................................ Rabindranath Tagore
Micky Mouse ............................... Walt Disney
Friday ......................................... Daniel Defoe
Hercule Poirot ........................ Agatha Christie
Iago ............................................ Shakespeare
James Bond ................................... Ian Fleming
Jean Val Jean ................................ Victor Hugo
Kim ....................................... Rudyard Kipling
Sancho Panza .................................. Cervantes
Sherlock Holmes .............. Arthur Conan Doyle
Dr. Watson ...................... Arthur Conan Doyle
Dr. Zhivago ............................. Boris Pasternak
Batman ............................................ Bob Kane
Phantom .................................... Leon Lee Falk
Mandrake .................................. Leon Lee Falk
Peanuts ................................... Charles Schtluz
Tintin .................................................... Herge
Asterix .............................. Gossini and Uderzo
Mowghuli ............................. Rudyard Kipling
Tarzan .............................. Edge Rice Burrough
Dracula ...................................... Bram Stocker
Robinson Crusoe ........................ Daniel Defoe

Renowned Personalities
and their Books

Jhumpa Lahiri ........... The Interpreter of Maladies

Indira Parthasarathy ........................... Ramanujan
Ian McEwan .......................................... Amsterdam
Bill Gates ......... Business at the Speed of Thought,
The Road Ahead
Ian Barbour ........... Issues of Science and Religion
Dr. Abraham Varghese ............... My Own Country
S.S. Gill ................... The Pathology of Corruption
P.V. Narasimha Rao ............................. The Insider
Dalai Lama ................................ Freedom in Exile
Ahmed Kathrada ......... Letters from Robben Island
Swami Vivekananda ........................... Bhakti Yoga
Balwant Gargi .............................. Naked Triangle
K.P.S Gill .......... Punjab: The Knight of Falsehood
Nadine Gordimer ............................... The Pick up
Pupul Jayakar ......... Indira Gandhi : A biography
Richard Attenborough ............ In Search of Gandhi

233

Mark Tully........................... India in Slow Motion

The Illustrated History of the Sikhs

Shobha De ................................ Socialite Evenings

........................................... Khushwant Singh

K.P.S. Menon .................... Memories and Musings

Pakistan Papers ..................... Mani Shankar Aiyar

R.K. Laxman .............................. Servants of India

Journey of a Legend ..................... Najma Heptullah

Amartya Sen ................. Development as Freedom,

Poverty and Famine

Voices in the City ................................ Anita Desai

He won Nobel Prize for Economics in 1998.

Tsunami - 7 Hours that Shook the World

M.S. Swaminathan ................ From Rio de Janeiro

toJohnasburg

..................................................... Satinder Bindra

Stephen Hawking .............. A Brief History of Time,

The Future of India : Economics, Politics and

Governance ......................................... Bimal Jalan

The Universe in a Nutshell

We Need to Talk about Kevin ......... Linonel Shriver

Kiran Bedi ............................ It is Always Possible,

This book won 2005 orange prize for fiction

What Went Wrong?,

Deception Point ................................... Dan Brown

As I See

Digital Fortress ................................... Dan Brown

Noam Chomsky .......................... The Rogue States

The Last Mughal ....................... William Darlymple

Domanique Lapierre and Javier Moro ...................

..................... It was Five Past Midnight in Bhopal

Iron Harvest .................................... C.P.Surendran

Nicholas Negroponte: ....................... Being Digital

Buddhas Warriors .......................... Mikel Dunham

Katerine Frank ............ Indira - The Life of Indira-

From Surprise to Victory ................ Gen. V.P. Malik

Nehru and Gandhi

Gods Little Soldier ........................ Kiran Nagarkar

Ram Jethmalani ................... Big Egos, Small Men

Impossible Allies ............................ C. Raja Mohan

Varghese Kurian ............... The Unfinished Dream

Blood Brothers .................................... M.J. Akbar

Just. V.R. Krishna Iyer ................. Death and After

Identity and Violence :

Louis Fischer ........................ A Week with Gandhi

The Illusion of Destiny .............. Prof. Amartya Sen

Gunnar Myrdal ................. An American Dilemma,

The Google Story ............................. David A. Vise

Asian Drama

I Too Had a Dream ...................... Varghese Kurien

Sir John Hunt ....................... Ascent of the Everest

Swaraj Paul ........................... Beyond Boundaries

Out of My Comfort Zone ................... Steve Waugh

Mira Nair ......................................... Vedic Stories

As I See ................................................. Kiran Bedi

Indian Summers

The Future of India ......................... Dr. Bimal Jalan

... John Wright (former New Zealand Captain)

Sacred Games ............................... Vikram Chandra

Falling Over Backwards .......... Arun Shourie

Utopia-A Bold New World ................ Shishir Gupta

The Da Vinci Code .................... Dan Brown

Peeling Onions ................... Autobiography of the

Harvard Crimson ......... Kaavya Viswanathan

Nobel laureate Guenter Grass

Memories of the Rationalist ... Vasanth Sathe

India Legal System

How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild and

Got a Life ..................... Kaavya Viswanathan

.............................. Can it be saved Fali S. Nariman

234

Blood Brothers .................................... M.J. Akbar

Books by Political Leaders

Margaret Thatcher ................. The Path to Power
Nelson Mandela ................ Long Walk to Freedom
Boris Yeltsin ........................... Against the Grains
Mikhail S. Gorbachev....................... August Coup
Bill Clinton ................. Between Hope and History
Hillary Clinton .............................. Living History
Henry Kissinger ................................. Diplomacy,
White House Years
Shuttle Diplomacy bpsS D]-m-Xm-hmWv
sldn Inkn
Z A. Butto ............................... If Iam Assassinated
Benazir Bhutto .. Pakistan - The Gathering Storm,
Daughter of the East
Dalai Lama.................. Ethics for New Millennium
Aung San Suu Ki ................... Freedom from Fear
P\m-[n-] Xyw m]n-m {]hn-p
aymam-dnse {]Xn-] t\Xm-hmWv Hm km
kqNn.
Sheikh Mujibur Rehman .......... Friends and Foes
_wm-tZ-i ns cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hmWv apPo_q
dm
Winston Churchill ..................... Gathering Storm,
The Second World War
cmw temI alm-bpw \S-p-tm {_nWnse {][m\ a{n-bm-bn-cpp Nn.
Atal Behari Vajpayee ............... New Dimensions of
Indias Foreign Policy
P.C. Alexander ............... The Perils of Democracy,
India in the New Millennium
Jaswant Singh ............................ Defending India
L.K. Advani...................... A Prisoners Scrap Book
Arun Shourie .......................... A Secular Agenda,
Worshipping False Gods
Jawaharlal Nehru ........ Glimpses of World History,
An Autobiography,
A Bunch of Old Letters,
Discovery of India
Dr. S.Radhakrishnan ........... A Hindu View of Life,
Indian Philosophy,
Bhagavat Gita

Annie Besant ................................. Wake up India

Lala Lajpat Rai ............................. Unhappy India
Gandhiji ..................................... Conquest of Self,
Hindi Swaraj,
Indian Homerule,
My Early Life,
Story of My Experiments with Truth
Chandra Shekar ....... Dynamics of Social Change
Rajesh Piolet ....................... Flight to Parliament
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam........................... Wings of Fire
Subhash Chandra Bose .......... The Indian struggle
Rajendra Prasad ............................. India Divided
Jayaprakash Narayan ...................... Prison Diary
Indira Gandhi ................................. Eternal India,
My Truth
Maulana Abdul KalamAzad ... India Wins Freedom
V.V.Giri ...................................... Job for Millions,
Voice of Conscience,
Life and Times
J.N. Dixit ........................... My South Block years
]me-sans kuv tmn-emWv Cy
{][m-\-a-{n-bpsS Hm^okv nXn-sN-p--Xv.
V.S. Sarvarkar ... The War of Indian Independence
E.K. Nayanar ..................................... My Struggle
E.M.S. Namboodiripad ............... Crisis into Chaos
Dadabhai Naoroji
.................... Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India
Manohar Joshi ......................... A Speakers Diary
R. Ramanathan ............................. Who is Kalam?
This is a biography of A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Books by Sports Persons

Kapil Dev ................................... By Gods Decree,

One Day Wonders
Sunil Gavaskar ............................................. Idol,
Sunny Days
Ajit Wadekar .............. The Making of a Cricketer
Tiger Wood ............................. How to play Golf?
Allan Border ...................... Beyond Ten Thousand
Dhyan Chand ............................................... Goal
Javed Miandad ........................... The Cutting Edge
(Autobiography of the former Pakistan cricket captain
Javed Miandad)

235

Well Known Quotations

Just as I would not like to be a

slave, so I would not like to be
a master.
A Government of the people,
by the people and for the people.

The unexamined life is not

worth living.

- Abraham Lincoln
Give us tools and we will finish the job.
I have nothing to offer but
blood, toil, tears and sweat.

- Socrates
The gods help them who help
themselves.
- Aesop
The State? It is me.
- Louis XIV
I am not a culprit.

- Sir Winston Churchill

If God didnot exist, it would
be necessary to invent him.
Crush the infamous thing .
- Voltaire
The unexamined life is not
worth living.
Other men live to eat. I eat to
live.
Nothing can harm a good man,
either in life or after death.
I know nothing except that
facet of my ignorance.

236

The throne is but a piece of

wood covered with velvet.
Give me good mothers, I shall
give you a good nation.
There is no word such as impossible in my dictionary.
- Napolean Bonaparte
Et tu Brute.
Vini Vidi Vici (I came, I saw,
I conquered)

- Fidel Castro
It was only one life, what is
one life in the affairs of a state.
- Benitto Mussolini
Success is the sole earthly
judge of right and wrong.

- Adolf Hitler

- Julius Caesar
I am dying with the help of too
many physicians.
- Alexander the Great
Let a hundred flowers bloom
and let a thousand schools of
thought contend.
Power flows from the barrel of
a gun.
-Mao-Tse-Tung
We can secure peace only by
preparing for war.
- John F. Kennedy
The living need charity more
than the dead.
- George Arnold
Reading maketh a full man,
conference a ready man and
writing an exact man.
Some books are to be tasted,
others to be swallowed and
some few to be chewed and digested.

Studies serve for delight, for

ornament and for ability.
-Francis Bacon
All the world is a stage and all
the men and women merely
players.
The empty vessel makes the
greatest sound.
Something is rotten in the state
of Denmark.
There is nothing either good
or bad but thinking makes it so.
Brevity is the soul of wit.
Frailty thy name is woman.
To be or not to be, that is the
question.
Cowards die many times before their death, the
valiant never taste death but
once.

- William Shakespeare
Our sweetest songs are those
that tell of saddest thought.
If winter comes can spring be
far behind.
- P.B. Shelley
Till Earth and Sky stand presently at Gods great judgement
seat.
East is East and West is West
and never the twain shall meet.
- Rudyard Kipling
Man is by nature a political
animal.
The roots of education are bitter, but fruit is sweet.

Virtue is the
mean state between two vices, the one of excess and other deficiency.

- Aristotle
The more things a man is
ashamed of, the more
respectable he is.
- Bernard Shaw
Where wealth accumulates,
men decay.
Wisdom makes but a slow defence against trouble, though
at last a sure one.
- Oliver Goldsmith
Let them eat cakes.
- Marie Antoinette
My God, My God, why hast
thou forsaken me.
- Jesus Christ
Nevertheless, it moves.

- Galileo
Play the game in the spirit of
game.
- Baron Peirre de Coubertin
All our knowledge brings us
nearer to our ignorance.
- T.S. Eliot

End justifies the means.

- Nicholo Machiavelli
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent
perspiration.

- Thomas Alva Edison

Knowledge is power.
-Thomas Hobbes
Superstition is the religion of
feeble minds.
- Edmund Burke
The style is the man himself .
- Buffon
Proper words in proper place.
- Johnathan Swift
Nature never did betray the
heart that loved her.
The child is the father of man.
- William Wordsworth
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
Fools rush in where angels fear
to tread.

- Alexander Pope
A thing of beauty is a joy forever.
Heard melodies are sweet but
those unheard are sweeter.

237

Beauty is truth and truth

beauty.
- John Keats
Power tends to corrupt and
absolute power corrupts absolutely.

- Lord Acton
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.
Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Whom the gods love die
young.
-Lord Byron
It takes two to speak the truth
- one to speak and the other to
hear.
-Henry David Thoreau
The history of the world is but
the biographies of great men.
- Thomas Carlyle
Better to reign in hell than
serve in heaven.

238

The good of the people is the

chief law.
- Cicero
To every action there is an
equal
and
opposite
reaction.

- John Milton
Patriotism is the last refuge of
a scoundrel.
- Dr. Samuel Johnson
Better a live sparrow than a
dead eagle.
-Fitzgerald

is disease clasRomanticism
sicism is health.
- Von Goethe
Taxation without representation is tyranny.
- James Oits
No thought without prosperity .
- Jacob Moleschott
Thank God I have done my
duty.
- Last words of Lord Nelson
Virtue is its own reward.

- Sir Isaac Newton

Give me a place to stand and I
can move the entire earth.
Eureka ! Eureka ! (I have
found it)
- Archimedes
Religion is the opium of the
people.
-Karl Marx
Man is a tool making animal.
-Benjamin Franklin
Direct Action
- Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent
perspiration.
-Thomas Alva Edison

One small step for men ,a

leap for mankind.
- Neil Armstrong
Good government is no substitute for self government.
- Morley
I think therefore I am.
- Descartes
Truth and non-violence are my
God.
Do or die.
Hai Ram
Untouchability is a crime
against God and mankind.
A customer is the most important person in our premises.

- Mahatma Gandhi
Ram and Rahim are the two
different names of the same
God.
- Kabir Das

Kerala is a lunatic asylum.

Live fast; die young.

one as this
ever in flesh and
blood walked up on this earth.
- Einstein (About Gandhi)
Garibi Hatao

- Swami Vivekananda
Back to Vedas
- Swami Dayananda Saraswati
We have now to fight for
peace with the same courage
and determination as we fought
against aggression.
Jai Jawan Jai Kisan.
- Lal Bahadur Shastri
One caste, one God, one religion for man.
- Sree Narayana Guru
The whole universe is my
native land

- Indira Gandhi
Freedom is in peril. Defend it
with all your might.
Work like a bull and live like a
hermit.
- Dr. Ambedkar
Play the game in the spirit of
the game.
We have made a tryst with
destiny.
Aram Haram Hai.
At the stroke of midnight hour
when the world sleeps India will
wake to life and freedom.

- Kalpana Chawla
Generations to come, it may be,
will scarce believe that such a

Swaraj is my birthright I shall

have it.
- Balagangadhara Tilak
Dilli Chalo.
Give me blood; I shall give
you freedom.
- Subhash Chandra Bose
Aiming low is a crime

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

"Hscm aX-ap-p-e-In-p-bncmw
t{]a-a-sXm-tm
]cs \s-m-e-ar-Xqpw
]mhW iin-_nw_w'
Dq Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-
"\mSy-{]-[m\w \Kcw Zcn{Zw
\m n ]pdw \a- I - f m
karw'
Ipn-p-dp tIi-h\mb
"aX- t a- X m- b mepw a\p- j y
\m-bm aXn'

- Jawaharlal Nehru

OFFICIALBOOKS
Blue Book ........................................................................ British
Green Book ............................................................... Italy & Iran
Orange Book ..................................................... The Netherlands
White Book ....................................... Germany, China & Portugal
White Paper ........................................................................ India
Gray Book ......................................................... Japan & Belgium
Yellow Book ..................................................................... France

{io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp
"X-Xn ]c-\p Imp-hm
s\mpta \c-\p-]-mb-ao-iz-c
Cp `mj-b-X-]qW-an-tlm
hpt]mw ]ng-bp-a-i -bm!'
"amp-hn N-sf kzb-a-sn

239

240

amp-a-Xp-Ifo \n-sf-m'
"kzmX{yw Xs- b - a r- X w,
kzmX{yw Xs PohnXw
]mc-X{yw am\n-Iv arXntb-m `bm-\Iw'
"kvt\l-am-W-Jn-e-km- c-aq-gn-bn
kvt\l-km-c-an-l-k-Xy-ta-Iamw'
F. Ipam-c-\m-im
"t`mK--sfmw W-{]-`m-New
thtK\ \jv S - a m- a m- b p- ptam \o'
Xp-s-gp--
"Hma-\-n-n-Smthm \
tIma-f-m-a-c-qthm'
Cc-bn-Xn
"`mcX-sa t] -tI-m
A`n- a m- \ - ] q- c n- X - a m- I - W - a - cwKw'
h- t m \mcm- b W
tat\m
"hcnI hcnI kl-Ptc
kl\ ka-c-k-a-b-ambv'
Awin- \m-cm-b-W-]n
"A\--a-m-X-a-hW-\ob
aotem- I - t Kmfw Xnc- n bp
amKw;
AXn- - s e- m- s m- c n- S - ncpp
t\mp ay IY-sb- pIp!'
\me-mv \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m
"I]-S-tem-I-n-em-m-amsbmcp
lrZ-b-ap-m-b-Xm-sW ]cmPbw'
N-pg IrjvW-]n
"shfnw Zp:Jam-Wpn
Xa-tm kpJ-{]Zw'
Anw ANyp-X \qXncn
"A-W -s sX-am-hn \nmZys ]gw-hogvsI'
- sshtem-nn {io[-c-tat\m

Newspapers & Magazines:

Founders

Young India (M), Harijan(M),

Indian Opinion (NP),Navajeevan (M). ....... : Mahatma Gandhi
National Herald (NP) .................................. Jawaharlal Nehru
Vande Matharam(NP), Karma Yogi(M) ..... Aurobindo Ghosh
New India (NP) ................................................. Annie Besant
Voice of India (NP) ..................................... Dadabhai Naoroji
Al-Hilal(NP) .............................. Edited by Abdul Kalam Azad
Kesari (NP), The Mahratta (NP) .............. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Deshabhimani (NP) ....................................... T.K. Madhavan
Kerala Kaumudi(NP) ................................... C.V. Kunjuraman
Malayala Manorama(NP) ........ Kandathil Vargheese Mappila
Mathrubhumi ......................................... K.P. Kesava Menon

ae-bmf kmlnXyw
IrXn-I: tIcf ]mWn-\o-bw, ae-b-hnem-kw,
hr-a-RvP-cn, `mjm-`q-j-Ww, kmln-Xy-km-lyw.

{]mNo-\ -I-hn-{X-b-
Fgp--, sNdp-t-cn, Ip \ym
Ip \ym : (18-mw \qm-v) Xp {]m\-ns D]-m-Xmhv, IhnX Nm-hm-dm-nb
Ihn; P\-Iob lmky-I-hn. Inn-p-dnn awKev P\-\w (]m-e-m-Sv).
IrXn- I : {ioIr- j v W - N- c nXw aWn- { ]- h m- f w,
IeymW kuK-n-Iw, tLmj-bm-{X, kya--Iw,
koXm-kz-bw-h-cw, \f-N-cnXw Infn-m-v, Ime-\n-mImew
BZy-Xp- IrXn - Ieym-W- ku-K-nIw
Xp hrw Xcw-Kn-Wn.
Hm, ]d-b, ioX- Fv Xp aqp
hn[w.
Fgp-- (16-mw \qm-v) : B[p-\nI ae-bmf- `m-j-bpsS ]nXm-hv, Infn-mv {]m-\-ns
D]-m-Xm-hv. Xp ]d-n P\-\w (a-e-pdw).
IrXn-I: Aym--cm-am-bWw Infn-m-v, lcn-\ma-Io-\w, tZho-am-lm-yw, `mK-hXw Infn-m-v,
`mcXw Infn-m-v.
sNdp-tcn (15-mw \pm-v) : EXp--fpsS Ihn.
tIme-p-\mSv DZ-b-hs t{]cW {]Imcw
aRvPcn- hr--n cNn-XmWv IrjvW-Km-Y.
KmYm-hrw : aRvPcn
Dm-bn-hm-cy : 18-mw \qm-n- Pohn-n-cp-p.
IrXn-I: \f-N-cnXw B-IY (tI-c-f-ns imIpfw Fv hnti-jn-n--s-Sp-p), KncnPm IeymWw.
tIc-f-h henb tImbn-p-cm : tIcf
Imfn- Zm-k.
IrXn-I: aWn-{]-hm-f-im-Ip-fw (A-`n-m-\-imIp--f-ns BZy-a-e-bmfw ]cn-`m-j), abq-c-kt-iw, al--cnX kw{K-lw.
F. B. cmP-c m-P -h (1863- 1918) : tIcf
]mWn\n.

kn.-hn. cma ]n (1848 1922) : tIcfm kvtImv

IrXn-I: amm-WvU-h, (BZy Ncn-{X-t\mh) [-cm-P, cma-cm-P-_-l-Zq, t{]am-arXw (kmaq-ly-t\m-h)

H.- Np-ta-t\m: (1847 - 1899)

IrXn-I: Cp-te-J, imcZ

]qm\w (1547 1640) : `-I-hn, `mh-Km-b-I

IrXn-I: m\-m-\, {ioIr-jvW-Imar-Xw,
km-\-tKm-]m-ew.

B[p-\nI Ihn-{X-b-
F. Ipam-c-\m-im, Dq Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-,
h-tm \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m.
F. Ipam-c-\m-im (1873 1924) : kvt\l KmbI, alm-Im-hysagpXmsX alm-I-hn-bmb hyn.
]-\-bm-n AIm-e-a-c-Ww.
IrXn-I: Nnm-hn-jvS-bmb koX, {]tcm-Z-\w,
eoe, Icp-W, \fn-\n, hoW-]q-hv, ]pjv]-hm-Sn,
hnNn{Xhntbm-Kw, NWvUme `np-In, Zpc-h-,
{io_p--N-cnXw XpS-n-b-h.

Bims BZy-IrXn : hoW-]qhv

Ah-km-\-IrXn : IcpW
Bim kvamcIw tXm-bv.
"kvt\l-am-W-Jnekmc-aq-gn-bn',
"kvt\ln--bpo \o \ns t{Zmln-p P\sbpw' Fo hcn-I {]kn---fm-Wv.
Dq Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c- (1877 1949) : ae-bmf-nse B[p-\nI `mjm-K-Zy-ns ]nXm-hv.
IrXn-I: Dam-tI-cfw (a-lm-Im-hyw) ]nwK-f, I`q-j-Ww, Nn{X-ime, t{]a- kw-KoXw, Inc-Wm-h-en,
`n-Zo-]n-I, tIcf kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw.

"Imt Imt IqsS- h nsS' F {]ikv X

t\gvkdn-Km\w Ct-l-n-s-Xm-Wv.

241

h-tm \mcm-b -W-ta-t\m (1878- 1958) :

tIc- f-ns tZiob Kmb-I, tIc- f-ns ]qpbn, tIc-f-hm-evao-In.
IrXn-I: _[n-c- hnem]w (hn-em-]-Im-hyw) _\--\mb A\n-cp-, Nn{X-tbm-Kw (a-lm-Im-hyw),
amXr-h--\w, kmln-Xy-a-RvP-cn, injy\pw aI-\pw,
A\pw aI-fpw, sImp-ko-X, aKvZ-e-\-a-dn-bw.

"`mc-X-sa t]cp-tI-m-e-`n-am\ ]qcn-X-am-IWw

A-cwKw' F hcn {]i-kvXw.

Fgp-p-Imcpw
Xqen-I m-\m-a - fpw

1930- tIc-f-I-em-a-WvUew m]n-p.

C.-hn.-Ir-jvW-]n (1894 1938) : ae-bmf ^enX
kmln-Xy-Im-c.
IrXn-I: Fw.F.kn. IY-I, Ihn-X-tkv,
t]meokv cmam-b-Ww, {]W-b-I-o-j, PohnX
kvac-W-I, Nncn-bpw-Nn--bpw, _mjv]-hjw,
AIm-e-, Pohn-X-kva-c-W-I (B--I-Y)

sI.-]n. tIi-h-ta-t\m (1886 1978) : 1923- amXr`q-an-]{Xw m]n-p. BZy ]{Xm-[n-].

IrXn-I: Zm\-`q-an, AkvX-a-bw, cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hv,
\h-`m-cX in]n-I, PohnX Nn-I, tbip-tZh, \mw aptmv, `qXhpw `mhn-bpw, Ign--Imew
(B- -I-Y), _nemn hntijw (bm-{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww).

]n.-tI-i-h-tZhv (1905 1983)

IrXn- I : Hm S- b n \n v, {`m m - e - b w,
Abm, `mhn-h-c, Xd-hm-Sv, FXnv, Xncnp-t\m-w, Rm\nw Iyq-Wn-m-hpw.

Imcq \oe-I-WvT-]n (1898 1975)

IrXn-I: B\-m-c, tamXn-cw, Ag-I\pw ]qhmen-bpw, km-\w, cmP-Ip-am-cnbpw `qX-hpw, ]qh-gw, ac-m-h-I, clkyw

Pn.-Ip-am-c-]n (1923 2000)

IrXn-I: Ac-fn-q-, k]vX-kz-cw, acp-`q-anbnse In\m-hp-I, iXm-_vZ--fpsS i_vZw, HmbpsS kpK-w.

F. IrjvW-]n (1916 1988): \mS-I-Ir-v,

\ncq-]-I. "tIcf C_vk' F-dn-b-s-Sp-p.
IrXn-I: `-`-h-\w, I\y-I, _em-_-ew, ssIcfn-bpsS IY, A\p-c-RvP-\w, apS-p-ap-X, Agnap-J-t-v, A\p-`-h- A`n-a-X- (B-IY) {]Xn-]m{Xw `mj-W-t`-Zw.

Ipn-p-g- Ir-jvW-]n (1900 1971) : hnNm-c-hn-h-ns Xo-w.

IrXn-I: kmln-Xobw, \h-Zi-\w, Zo]m-h-en,
\nco--Ww.

242

Pn.-i--c-p-dpv: (1901 1978)

IrXn-I: kqcy-Im-n, HmS-p-g, hniz-Zi\w, Cfw Npp-I, appw Nnn-bpw, ]mtY-bw,
kmln-Xy-Iu-XpIw (aqp `mKw), shn-d-hI, sN-Xn-cp-I, CX-fp-I, Hma-I-fpsS Hmf-fn, KoXm-RvPen (hn-h-\w), hnem-k-e-lcn,
kmln-Xy-]-cn-Nbw.
Pn. i-c-n : (1930 1939)
IrXn-I: kvt\l-Zq-X, tXmw-]m-v, Incm-Xw,

ANyp-X \q-Xncn ......................................... Anw

]n.-kn.-Ip-n-Ir-jvW ................................................ Ddq_v
Ia-em kpc ................................................... am[-hn-pn
Fw.-sI. tat\m ............................................. hnem-kn\n
hn.-sI. \mcm-b-WIpn............................... hn.-sI.-F
sI.-\m-cm-b-W \q-Xncn................ F.- F.-I-mSv
sI.-{io-Ip-am ........................................... Bjm tat\m
hn.-am-[-h \mb ........................................................ amen
Fw.-B. \mb .................................................kRvP-b
]n.-Ip--\- \mb............................. Xntm-Sn-b
Fw.-hm-kp-tZ-h \mb........................................ kn\nIv
tPmv hKokv ........................................... Im- \m- S
kp{_-alvWyw \q-Xn-cn-mSv ......................... Hf--a
F.-\m-cm-b-W ]n....................................... HmwtNcn
Fw.-]n.-`--Xn-cn-mSv .................................................... t{]wPn
]n.-hn.-A-- .................................................... tImhn-e
tKmhn ]njm-cSn ............................................... sNdp-ImSv
sI.-hn.-]p- ........................................................... Ipshw]v
th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb-\m.................. tIkcn
n.-kn.-tPm-k^v ....................................................... CS-a-dpIv
tIi-h \mb ................................................... Ipn-pdw
sI.-C.-a-mbn .................................................. ]md-p-dv
c_o-{-\m-Y -Sm-tKm .................................. `m\p -knl
Im\w .............................................................. C.-sP. ^nenv
sI.-]m-\q ....................................................... Ipn- cma
\-\m ............................................... ]n.-kn. tKm]m-e
t_mt[-iz-c.................................................. tIi-h-]n
Un.-kn.-In-g-t-apdn ......................... sUma-\nIv Nmtm
thfqIr- jvWIpn............... F.-sI.-Ir-jvWIpn
kn tacn s_\nRvP .................. taco- tPmtXmw
s]m-mSv ........................................................ i- cpn
kpcmkp ........................................ _me-tKm-]m-e-p-dpv
F.-Sn.-tIm-hq ....................................... F{_-lmw-tXm-akv
IrjvW-ssN-X\y.............................sI.-Ir-jvW\m-b
t{]wPn ............ ap-aw-K-ev ]c-ta-iz-c `-Xn-cn-mSv

Hme-m-v, s]mbvap-J-, k_aXn Zqsc-bm-Wv,

{`mm-e-bw, `c-X-hm-Iyw, Idp-- ssZ-h-s-tSn, mhn-e-sXm-n, hnhmlw kz-n \S-pp, hnepw hoW-bpw, Ddp-p-I-fpsS temIw.
N-p-g- IrjvW-]n (1911) : ae-bmf Imhytem- I s Km\- K - , ae- b m- f - ns
Hm^yqkv.
IrXn- I : c]p- j v ] - , kv ] n- p
An-am-Sw, kzc-cm-K-kp-[, Bcm-[-I, _mjv]mRvPen, tla--N-{n-I, k-ev]-Im-n, tZh-Ko-X,

IYm-]m-{X- fpw
IrXn-Ifpw
mknt ................................................... Ib (XIgn)
]p .................................... HmS-bn\nv (tIi-h-tZhv)
Kucn .............................................. Kucn (Sn.-]-\m`)
N{- m-c ............ [-cmPm (kn.-hn.-cm-a]n)
{io[- c
........ Hcp- tZ-i-ns IY (Fkv.-sI.-s]m--mSv)
`oa .............. cm-aqgw (Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h\m-b)
am[-h .......................... Cp-teJ (H.-N-p-ta-t\m)
sN ................... In-s- (Pn.-hn-th-Im-\-)
chn .......... Jkm-ns CXn-lmkw (H.-hn.-hn-P-b)
lcn-]-m-\\ ...... [-cmP (kn.-hn.-cm-a]n)
]mp
...]mp--bpsS BSv (sshw- ap-l--Zv_-jo)
]f\n ...................................................... sNo (XIgn)
adnbw ........................... aKvZ-e\ adnbw (h--tm)
I{Xo amtbm ................................. Nn{X-ime (Dq)
-]pta-t\m ............. Cp-teJ (H.-N-p-ta-t\m)
Ip .................. acp-`q-an-I Dm-Ip-Xv (B\v)
ca- W .............................................. ca-W (N-pg)
N{nI ............................................... ca-W (N-pg)
B\-hm-cn- cm-a\m-b
.................. B\-hm-cnbpw s]mIp-cnipw (_jo)
sshn- .............................. imcZ (Np-ta-t\m)
kp`{Z
................. amm-WvU-h (kn.-hn.-cm-a]n)
tKmhn-Ipn
.............. Akp-c-hnv (Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h\m-b)
Apn ...... \mep-sIv (Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h\m-b)
Ap-nfn
.............. Jkm-ns CXn-lmkw (H.-hn.-hn-P-b)
tZmkvtX-hnkvIn
Hcp ko\w t]mse (s]-cp--Shw {io[-c)

a\-kzn-\n, ]mSp-- ]n-imNv, XpSn-p Xmfp-I

(B--I-Y), ca-W.
D-kp- lr-m- bn-cp CS-n cmL-h ]n- bpsS
B-l-Xy-bn a\w-s\mv cNn \mS-Iob hnem]-Im-hy-amWv ca-W
""I]S temI-n Bm-am-sbmcp lrZ-bap-m-b-Xm-sW ]cm-Pbw''. Cu hcn-I
{]knw
kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]n (1875 1916) :
kztZ-im-`n-am\n ]{X-ns BZy-]-{Xm-[n-].
IrXn-I: Fs \mSp-I-S- (B--I-Y)
]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n : kmlnXy ]m-\\
IS--\n cma-Ir-jvW : (1935)
IrXn- I : an{i- X mfw, ISn- qs]m- ,
ag- s]pp afw sImp-p, tKmtZm- -sb -Imv
(hn-h-\w), kqcy-in-e.
ae-bm-q cma-Ir-jvW (1927 1998)
IrXn-I: kokv tmdn, bn, b{w, incn hc--Xv (A-]qw) , thcp-I, s]mn,
s\qaTw, Fs sF.-F.-F-kv Zn\-, {_ntKUn-b IY-I. Av sk v, AarXw tXSn, Admwhn-c
]n.-kn.-Ip-n-Ir-jvW : (1915 1979) Ddq_v
IrXn-I: AWn-b-d, Xpd-n- -Pm-e-Iw, Ipbpw Iqp-Im-cpw, anmsv, Ban-\, emnbpw
]q-f pw, D- hcpw Cm- - h -c pw, Dm- p,
Npgnp ]nt- Np-gn, An-Wn, cmn-b-, \oe-nae, ana-e-bnse kqcy, XosImv Ifn--cpXv, kp-cnIfpw kp-camcpw (a-e-_me-l-f-bpsSbpw cmw-tem-I-a-lm-bp--n-sbpw ]m-e-n Fgp-Xn-b-Xv)
]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-j vW (1927 1991)
IrXn-I: C\n- Rm-\p-d--s, qtm {]nb-s
qtm, ambm ky-I, knnbpw km[-\-bpw,
Snp-kpm, {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp
CS-tcn tKmhn- \mb (1906 1974) : inbpsS Ihn
IrXn-I: ]qX-m-v, Imhnse ]mv, Hcp ]nSn
s\n-, ]p Iehpw Acn-hmfpw, Idp-sNn-n-I, XXz-im-kv{X-ap-d-p-tm, Iqp-Ir-jn,
\men-X ]q.
th-bn Ipn-cm-a \mb\m : (1861 1914)
"tIkcn' F \ma-n Adn-b-s-Spp.
Ipn-cm-a \mb-\m-cpsS "hmk-\m-hn-IrXn' bmWv
ae-bm-f-nse BZy sNdp-I-Y (1891).

243

]mem \mcm-b-W \mb (1911)

IrXn-I: tIcfw hf-cp-p, ASn-a, Ay-]q-P,
Aar-X-I-e, F\np Zmln-p-p, Pohn-X-Im-l-fw,
\h-bp-Kw, ]mem-gn-]q-, ae-\m-Sv, _mjv]-cw-Kw,
ae-\m-nse \-In, cmKm-em-]-\w.

{it-b-amb ae-bmf
IrXn-Ifpw Im-fpw
sNo ............................... XIgn inh-i--c-n
Dmp ................................. Ddq_v
ka-Xz-hmZn .......................... ]pfn-am\
tIc-f-N-cn{Xw ..................... sI.-]n.-]--\m-`-ta-t\m
{]hmkn ............................... tImhn-e
Iotbm Iotbm ................... Fkv. inh-Zmkv
Acw ............................... H.-F.-hn.-Ip-dpv
A-e-aWn ........................ kpK-X-Ip-amcn
Ip\opn .............. \me-m-p-\m-cm-b-W tat\m
`mc-X-]-cy-S\w .................... Ipn-Ir-jvW-am-cm
apt] ]d-p ]n-I
................................................ kn. cm[m-IrjvW
ka-b-{]-hm-lhpw kmln-Xy-I-ebpw
................................................ sI.-]n.-A-
A[n-Imcw ........................... hn.-sI.-F
Bene ................................. bqk-^-en -tI-tcn
tIt-cn-pg ....................... bqk-^-en- tI-tcn
O-{Xhpw Nma-chpw.......... Fw.-]n.-i-p-n-\m-b
\nim-Kn.......................... ]n.-\m-cm-b-W-Ip-dpv
apJ-sa-hnsS........................ hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W \qXncn
s{]bvkv Z temUv ......... k-dnb
Ifn-bmw .............................. Sn.-hn.-sIm-p-_mh
Hcp ZfnXv bph-Xn-bpsS IZ-\-IY
................................................ Fw.-ap-Ip-
Bfn-m--tk-c-I......... sN\w Nmtm
]pXnb BImiw ]pXnb `qan
................................................ sI.-Sn. apl-Zv
{`m]q- .................. t{Kkn
cmPk` ................................ C{_mlnw shc
]cn-Wm-a-ns ]cn-Wmaw
................................................ tUm. F.-F. \q-Xncn
Zn-dn-bm bm{X.......... Pn.-hn-th-Im-\-
tZhn-{Kmaw, sdbn Un-b
................................................ N{-aXn
`h-`bw ................................. Sn.-hn. sImp-_mh
NnX hcpw Imew ......... tZi-aw-Kew cma-IrjvW
tIc-fw- h-f-cpp............... ]mem \mcm-b-W\m-b
Nntcv ................................ sN\w Nmtm
Fs B_w ................ n.-F.-tKm-hn-\m-b
{Sv ...................................... GI-e-hy

Fw.- S n.- h m- k p- t Z- h \mb (1933): tIcf

slanKvth, \nf-bpsS IYm-Im-c
IrXn-I: ]cn-W-bw, av, Imew, Akp-c-hn-v,
Ccp-ns Bm-hv, tKm]p-c-\-Sbn, \mep-sI-v,
]mXn-cmhpw ]Ish-fn--hpw, Hmfhpw Xoc-hpw,
Ipty-S-n, cm-aq-gw, hmc-Wm-kn, hm\-{]-w,
Hmtm, ImYn- I s ]Wn- p- c , Zb F
s]Ipn, _-\w, AZmabn ]q hnScp-tm, \nm-eyw, Bq--n X\ntb
(bm-{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww).
]n.-Ip--\ \mb (1916) : Xntm-Sn-b
IrXn-I: Nph--I-S, Biz-lr-Z-bw, aS-
-bm-{X, Ac-p- Im-Wm \S (B- -I-Y),
PohnXw, {]k-hn-m A, Xosm-cn, I\ymZm\w (\m-S-Iw).

Fw.-B. \mb (1919) : kRvP-b

IrXn- I: lmkymRv P -e n, Atym- ] -l m- c w,
kmlnXy \nI-jw, Xntem-Z-Iw, HYtm (X-a)

tXmn `mkn : (1924 1992)

Ir Xn- I : \n- s fs Iy q- W n- m - n,
Hfn-hnse Hm-I, Aiz-ta-[w, apSn-b-\mb
]p{X, kt--v,aqe-[-\w, ic-i-, Iqp-Ip-Sw_w, ssIbpw- X-ebpw ]pd-n-S-cp-Xv.

hb-em cma-h (1928 1975): hnhIhn,

XqenI -]-S-hm-fm-nb Ihn.
IrXn-I: kK-kw-K o-Xw, Bbn-j, F\np
acW-an-, \mSns \mZw, sImbpw ]qWq-epw,
{Kma-nse ky, cmh-W-]p-{Xn, ]mZ-ap-{Z-I,
Hcp PqUmkv P\n-p-p, ]pcp-jm--c--fn-eqsS.
IrXn-I: "kvt\ln--bn Rm t\mhp-am-mhns\, kv t \ln- n- S m- s mcp XXz- i m- k v { Xsbpw' hb-em-dns {]kn hcn-I

sshw apl- Zv _jo : (1908 1994)

t_qkpm.
IrXn-I: sp-m-sm-cm-t\-mvp, aXn-epI, _mey-Im-e-k-Jn, ]mp-bpsS BSv, B\qS, hniz-hn-J ym-X-amb aqv, B\-hm- c nbpw
s]mIp-cn-ipw, t{]a-te-J-\w, PohnX \ngm-SpI, t\cpw \pW-bpw, bm Cem-ln, Hm-bpsS
Ad-I (B--I-Y).A\L-\n-an-jw, i_vZ-

244

]pXnb ae-bmf ]pkvX-I-

sjeIv, hmc-Wmkn .......................................... Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h \mb
]m-k\w ..................................................................................... H. hn. hnP-b
kkvt\lw .......................................................... Iaem kpc (am-[-hn-p-n)
]pg ISv ac--fpsS CS-bn-tebvv ..................................... Sn. ]-\m-`
A{ip]qP ........................................................................... tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn
Aem-l-bpsS s]a-....................................................... kmdmtPmk^v
]m ]me-n\p ap]v ................................................... kn.-hn. {iocm-a
Xncn-p-t\m-p-tm .............................................. Fw.-]n. hotc-{-Ip-am
thZ-i-_vZ-c-Xv\m-Icw.................................................... tUm.-Un.-_m-_p-t]m
ae-bm-fhpw ae-bm-fn-Ifpw...................................... ]\ cma-N-{ \mb
\h-bm-{X-I .................................................................... kpIp-am Ago-tmSv
ssIap-{Z-I..................................................................................................... tkXp
\mem-as BWn ...................................................................................... B\v
kakvX tIcfw ]n.-H. ...........................................................Un. hn\-b-N-{
Fs kmlnXy \ncq-]-W- ................................... B. \tc-{-{]kmZv
Aaq-amb Aaj-......................s{]m^-k ]n.-F.hmkp-tZ-h
Kmpw ImWm--c-Sp-Ifpw .............................................. Fw.-]n. hotc-{-Ip-am
An-bpsS ]q .................................................... Fkv. Kp]vX \mb
Ime-ns tIme-........................................................... Pn. Ipam-c-]n
tZh-Zmkn ...........................................................................................kpK-X-Ip-amcn
Cu ]pcm-X\ Inmcw ....................................................... H.-F.-hn. Ipdpv
]cn-{Iaw ........................................................... hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W \q-Xncn
Acq-]n-bpsS aqmw {]mhv .......................................... s]cp--Shw {io[c
]cmK tImi-......................................................................... Bjm-ta-t\m
tIihs hnem-]- ............................................................... Fw. apIp-
Xe-ap-d-I ....................................................................................... H.-hn. hnP-b
ssl-h-\pw AXn-ssl--h\pw ............................................... H.-hn.hnP-b
Pohn-Xhpw \nb-ahpw .............................................. Pnkv sI. kpIp-am-c
krnbpw {kmhpw ................................................... Fkv. Kp]vX \mb
lm^v HmUv tUm .................................................. Fw. -tam-l Ipam
\rw ................................................................................................ Fw. apIp-
thm-c\pw hncp-p-Im-c-\pw ................................................................ B\v
Pn hmPvt]bv Htc apJw ....................................................C.-sI. \mb-\m
Btcm-lWw ............................. hn.-sI. F (B-t] lmky t\mh)
Amma A Living Saint ..... Judith Cornell (amXm Aar-Xm-\--a-bn-bptS
PohNcn-{X-amWv Cu ]pkvX-Iw)

IhmSw ................................................................................................ Iaem kpc

NnX hcpw Imew ............................................... tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW
Hcp ko\w t]mse ........................................... s]cp--Shw {io[-c
AKv\n-n-\m-hp-I.............................................. ]p\-n Ip-_vZp
Pohn-Xta \o Fv ...................................................... kn.-hn.-_m-e-Ir-jvW
sImSp-mpw sImp-h-hpw.................................................... F.-A--t\v
a[pcw KmbXn .................................................................................. H.-hn.-hn-P-b
lcn-Zzm-dn aWn apg-pp ........................................................ Fw.-ap-Ip-
`qan-imkv{Xw .......................................................................... Sn.-hn. sImp-_mh

]n.-hn.-A-- : (1923) tImhne

IrXn-I: X-Iw, iIp-\w,
tXm-, Ggm-sa-S-, lname-bw, F ssa\kv _n, {]hmkn.
XI-gn- in-h-i--c-n : "Ip\m-Sns CXn-lm-k-Im-c,- tI-cf
tam-km-Mv'.
IrXn-I: XymK-ns {]Xn^ew (B-Zy-t\m-h), sNo,
GWn- -Sn-I, Ib, tXmnbpsS aI, cn-S--gn, Hutkns a, A\p-` -h-
]mfn--I, amwk-ns hnfn,
Ata-cn- Xnc-oe (bm-{Xm-hnh-c-Ww), ASn-sbm-gp-p-I, aIfpsS aI, sh-sm-n,
Hcp Ip-\m-S IY, tLmj-bm{X, Fs ho PohnXw (B-I-Y).
"Im' F t]cn {]kn-bmb Ia- e m- n- b - - b mWv
]Xv\n.
sshtem-nn {io[-c-ta-t\m
(1911 1985) : ae-bm-f-ns
"{io' F-dn-b-s-Sp-p.
IrXn-I: In-sm-bvv, aIcsm-b vv, HmW-m-p-I,
am-gw, klys aI, Ibv]h--cn, hnS, ]-p-Xn-c, IpSnsbm-g n- n- , Irjv W-b p- K , Imhy-tem-I-kva-c-W-I
(B--I-Y).
"Imn-p-dp-nb Ihn-X-I'
sshtem-nn Ihn-X-I-fm-Wv.
hn.-Sn. `-Xn-cn- mSv : (1896
1982) kmaq-ly-]-cn-jvImhv
IrXn-I: Iocpw In\m-hpw
(B--I-Y), shSnshw, cP-\ocw-Kw, t]mwh-gn, I-hn-em-]w,
ASp- -f -b n \nv Ac-tbvv (\m-S-Iw)
Fkv.sI.- s]m--mSv (1913
1982): km-c-km-ln-Xy-Im-c
IrXn- I : Imn- c n- I - f ps S

245

\mn, Hcp tZi-ns IY,

Hcp sXcp-hns IY, hnj-I-\yI, \mS t{]aw, aqSp-]-Sw, \nimKn, ]pnam, Fs hgnb--e-, t{]a-in-ev]n, _menZzo-]v, ss\U-b-dn, Ggn-ew-]me

kpIp-am Ago-tmSv (1926) :

"thZn-bnse Pzme' F-dn-b-sSp {]kw-KI.
IrXn-I: Xz-a-kn, Xz
hpw a\p-jy-\pw, ]pXp]pjv], koXm-hm-Iyw, Fn\v
`mcX\h-bm-{X-I

AWn- (1930)
IrXn-I: Ipcp-t-{Xw, ]I-epI, cm{Xn-I, IpSpw-_-]p-cmWw, tKm{X-bm\w
sI.-C.-a-mbn : (1924 1981)
]md-p-dv
IrXn-I: ]Wn-Xo-cm hoSv,
Ac- \ m- g nI t\cw, \nWaWn Imev]m-Sp-I, aIt\
\n\-p-th-n, At\z-jn-p- Is-n-bn-, BZy-In-c-W-,
kqk, BIm-i-nse ]d-hI.

H.-F.-hn.- Ip-dpv (1931)

IrXn- I : An- i - e - ` - ,
A-cw, Dv, arK-b,- D--bn\n, Idp--]-n-bpsS ]mv,
`qanv Hcp Nc-a-Ko-Xw, abn
]o-en, A]-cm-w, imMvK-In-I, kzbw-h-cw, ss`c-hs
XpSn, Hcp Xpn shfn-w, \oe-p-I, amp-hn N-sf
(I-hn-Xm-k-am-lm-cw).

H.-hn.- hn-P-b (1931)

IrXn-I: Kpcp-km-Kcw, Jkmns CXn-lm-kw, [-]p-cmWw, a[pcw Kmb-Xn, {]hm-NIs hgn,
Xe - a p- d - I ,
Aimn, ISXo-c-v, Cncn-Zi-\w, ssl-h-\pw AXnssl--h\pw, ]md-I,

s]mIpw hn (1910)
IrXn-I: hnIm-c-k-Z-\w, i_vZn-

246

, lrZ- b - K m- \ w,
p Ie-
An-n-cn, Xncp-ap mgvN,
Zmlw, a{n-s-v, Fs hgnn-cnhv (B--I-Y)
_me-N-{ Npn-mSv (1957)
IrXn-I: Aam-hm-kn, Kk,
{Ump-f, NnZw-_-c-kva-c- W, am\km--cw.
Ipp-n-amjv : (1927)
IrXn-I : hnpw appw,
A- c - s - v , DuWv sXmv
Ddw hsc
kn. cm[-Ir-jvW: (1939)
IrXn-I: apt] ]d-p
]n-I, kv]-am-]n-\n-Itf
\n, Ic ]nfcpw Imew, Hb-Sn-m-X-I.
F.-hn.- Ir-jvW-hm-cy: (1916 1989)

IrXn-I: Kmnbpw
tKmUvskbpw, sImp-sXm, \o Ihn-X-I, IptdqSn \o Ihn-X-I.
]n. kn- Z m- \ - : (1936)
B\v
IrXn-I: Ipcp-t-{Xw, Fgp--s\-gp-Xp-tm, Ihn-_p, tZim-S-\w, tKmh-\s
bm{X-I, acp-`q-an-I DmIp--X v, \mem-as BWn,
th-m-c\pw hncp-p-Im-c-\pw,
A`-b mn- I , hymk\pw
hnLvt\-iz-c -\pw, A]-l-c n-s ssZh-.
Fw. apIp- : (1942) "a-gnbpsS IYm-Im-c'
Ir Xn- I : \rw, ss Zhns hnIr-Xn-I, a-gn-p-gbpsS Xoc--fn, BZn-Xy\pw

]pXnb ae-bmf ]pkvX-I-

Hcp sNdp-]p-ncn ................................................ Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h \mb
Nqssf-ta-Snse ih-................................................... F.-F-kv. am[-h
hnv ......................................................................................................kn-Zm-\-
th\-en Hcp ag ............................................................................... tdmkv tacn
shfn-ta \o FhnsS? ........................................................ kn.-F.-tPm-k^v
At\z-jnp Is-n-bn ........................................................... ]md-p-dv
I\ym-h-\- ........................................................ ]p\-n Ip-_vZp
\ng-ep-d-p hgn-I ....................................................................... ]n.-h-e
]cn-Wmaw ......................................................................... Fw.-]n.-\m-cm-b-W-]n
{`jvSv ....................................................................................... amSv Ipp-Ip-
acWw Zp_ew ............................................................................. sI.-kp-tc-{
jmlnZv \ma ............................................................................................... H.-hn.-Dj
ka-X-e--pdw.......................................................... tPmv HmW-q
Hc-s Hm-p-dn-p-I ....................................... n.hn. Cu-c-hmcn-b
kacw Xs PohnXw ............................................ hn.-F-kv. ANyp-Xm-\-
kzmX{yw sImv \mw Fp-sNbvXp? ............................. Fw.-hn. tZh
K{_n-tbe k_m-n\n PohnXw Fgp-Xp-tm ............ hn\p F{_lmw
amIvkn-te-p hgn-I ...................................................... tkma-ti-J- c
PmmWw ]pI-bne............................................................................ Im-\mS
Ihn-X-bnse hgn-n-cn-hp-I .......................................... H.-F.-hn. Ipdpv
a\-km-kva-cman ............................................................... Fkv. Kp]vX \mb
sNo--Hcp \ncq-]Ww ................................... hn.-hn. thep-pn Ac-b
Xpd-n hmXn ............................................................................ ]n.-n. Nmtm
\ocm-gn--pdw ................................................... B. {ioteJ sF.-]n.-F-kv.

]pcm-X\ ]pkvX-I-fpw
Im-fpw
amm-WU
v -h............ kn.-hn.-cm-a]n
Dam-tI-cfw ............................ Dq
NWvUm-e-`n-pIn ............ Bim
ca- W................................... N-pg
[-cmPm ............................ kn.-hn.-cm-a]n
Cp-teJ .............................. H. Np-ta-t\m
Ip-eX ................................ Ap -s\-Sp-mSn
IptN-e-hrw.................... cma-]p-c-p-hm-cy
D- cm-kz-bw- hcw............... Cc-bn- Xn
\f-N-cnXw B-Y ......... Dm-bn-hm-cy
]m-_mn ........................... sI. Zmtam-Z-c
cXn-km-{amPyw ..................... \me-m-p-\m-cm-b-Wta- t\m
kwt-] -th-Zmw ...... ^m: a v ]nbm-\kv
cma-N-cnXw ............................ Nocm- a
ba-I-Imhyw......................... hmkp-tZ-h-`--Xncn
`mjm-`m-cXw......................... sImSp--q Ipn-p Xpcm
tIi- hobw............................ sI.-kn.-tI-i-h-]n
Im-\-koX ....................... kn.-F.-{io-I-WvT\m-b
Aym--cm-am-bWw......... Fgp--
IrjvWdmw ........................... sNdp-tcn
abq-c- k-tiw...................... tIc-f-h-h-en-b-tIm-bn- p-cm
`mjm `qjWw .................... F.-B.-cm-P-cm-P-h
sFXnlyame ..................... sIm-mc-n ipn
ae-b-hn-emkw ..................... F.-B. cmP-cm-P-h
Ima-tamlnXw...................... kn.-hn.-_m-e-Ir-jvW
`qX- cm-b .............................. A Xp-cm
ht-am-Xcw.......................... C.-hmkp
cma-N-{-hn-emkw............... Ag-Iv ]-\m-`-p-dpv
h-am-\-]p-kvXIw ....... ]mtd-am-tXmam
I-\m
{io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp.............. F.Ipam-cm-\m- i
tIcf almyw ................ AmX IXrIw
tIc-tfm]n ................. AmX IXrIw
ae-_m am\ph ............ hneyw temK
aqjI hwiw ....................... AXpe
ic \mcm-bWobw.......... ic\mcm- bW
ipI ktiw ..................... evao Zmk
tImIne ktiw ............. DZWvU imkv{Xn-I
Btm-]-tZi iXIw ..... {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp
thZm-[n-Imc \ncq-]Ww ... Nn kzman-I
m\-m\ ........................ ]qm\w
lcn-\m-a-Io\w ........... Fgp--
\mcm- b-Wobw...................... ta-q \mcm-bW
`-ncn

cm[bpw ap Nne-cpw, lcn-Zzm-dn aWn-ap-g-p-p,

Hcp ZfnXv bph-Xn-bpsS IZ-\-I-Y, tIi-hs hnem]-, djy, Uln, Bhn-em-bnse kqtcym-Zbw, koX
ap-p-hn: (1915 1989)
IrXn-I: A-c--, CW-{]m-hp-I, adn-bpn, ]mSm-- s s]-n-fn, Ieym-W-c m-{Xn, BmRvPen, Hcp IpSbpw Ipp s]-fpw.
_mem-a-Wn-b : (1909) ae-bmf kmln-Xy-ns
amXmhv
IrXn-I: A-e-n, tkm]m-\w, A, {]amWw, Iqp-ssI, [-k--S-n, shfn--n,
`mh-\-bn, ap-n, agp-hns IY, kv{Xolr-Zbw, Pohn-X-n-eqsS, shbn-em-dp-tm.
am[-hn-pn (I-a-em-kp-c-) (1932)
IrXn-I: \oam-Xfw ]q Imew, \cn-o-dpI ]d-p-tm, Xcn-i p-\n-ew, H-b-Sn-m-X,
tNt-dp ]n-I, k C I-,
\jvS-s \oemw-_-cn, Ub-dn-p-dp-p-I, IS
abqcw, Fs IY, N-\-a-c-.
efn-Xmw-_nI AP\w: (1909 - 1987)
IrXn-I: An-km-n, XI Xe-ap-d, amWn, HmW-m-gvN, Infn- hm-Xn-en-eq-sS, aqSp-]-S-n,
\ni-_vZ-kw-Ko-Xw, Bbn-cw-Xncn, tKmkmbn ]d-I-Y, hniz-cq]w, efn-Xm-RvP-en, `mh-Zo-]vXn, Hcp
s]mn-n-cn, Infn-hm-Xn-en-eq-sS, Hcm-apJw (B-IY)
sI. \mcm-b-W \q-Xncn : F.-F. Im-Sv.
IrXn-I: ie-`-Ko-Xw, ]mXm-f-ns apg-w,
k^-e-ao-bm-{X.
tUm.-Fw. eoem-hXn : (1929)
IrXn-I: Ihn-Xm-[z-\n, hcm-Pn, Pn.bpsS
Imhy-Po-hn-Xw
kpK-X-Ip-amcn : (1934)
IrXn-I: cm{Xn-a-g, A-e-a-Wn, cm[-sb-t-Sn,
Ccpnd-Ip-I, tZh-Zm-kn, Imhp-Xo--t, kz]v\`q-an, IrjvW-I-hn-X-I, ]mhw am\-h-lr-Z-bw, Ipdnn-q-, Xpem-hj.
]n.Ipn-cm-a \mb: (1906 1978)
IrXn-I: Xma-c-tm-Wn, HmW-k-Zy, ]q-fw, Ifnb-, koX, Aa-c-knw-l, Fs Xnc-bpp
Rm, \nXy-I-\y-Isb tXSn, Ihn-bpsS Im]mSp-I
hn.-sI.-\m-cm-b-WIpn: (1932) hn.-sI.-F.
IrXn-I: A[n-Im-cw, P\-d Nmkv, ]nXma-l, ] IY-I, a.

247

]n. ]Zva-cm-P : (1945 1991)

IrXn-I: \-{X-tf Imh, {]Xn-abpw cmPIp-am-cn-bpw, hmS-Ibvv Hcp lrZ-bw, s]cp-h-gn-b-ew, CXm Chn-sS hsc
Dn-Ir-jvW ]pXq : (1933)
IrXn-I: B\--I, Bp-I-n, _en--v, \mgnI-a-Wn, Aar-X-a-Y-\w.
kZm sI.-Fw. ]Wn- : (1895 1963)
IrXn-I: ]d-n--S-bm-fn,tIcfknwlw, Qmkn
dmWn-bpsS B-I-Y, D]-\ym-k-ame.
]p\-n Ip-_vZp : (1941)
IrXn-I: kvamc-I-in-e-I, Aen-K-Unse XS-hpIm-c, I\ym-h-\-, An-n-\m-hp-I
tPmk^v ap-tcn : (1903 1977)
IrXn-I: sIm-bn \nv Ipcn-n-te-bvv, cmPcm-Ps amsm-en, Icn-n-cn, \mS-Imw Ihn-Xzw,
sImgn Ce-I (B--I-Y).a\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Kmbn-I, H-t\m--n, Ime-ns Im-Sn,
]mm-Xy-km-lnXy kao-.
s]cp--Shw {io[-c : (1938)
IrXn-I: A`-bw, Hcp ko\w t]mse, Acq]n-bpsS aqmw {]mhv.
Sn.-hn. sImp-_mh : (1955)
IrXn-I: hr-k-Z-\w, s]cp--fn-bmw
k-dnb : (1945)
IrXn-I: s{]bvkv Z temUv, Hcn-S-v, Fpv
hntijw ]oem-tmtk?
kn.-sP. tXmakv : (1918 1960)
IrXn-I: B a\p-jy \o Xs, Ch-s\s
{]nb-]p-{X, CuUnkv cmPm-hv, Bn-K-Wn.
s{]m^. Fkv. Kp]vX\m-b : (1919)
IrXn-I: Ck-p-dw, krjvSnbpw {kjvSmhpw, An-bpsS ]q. {Im-Zin-I, SmKq,
Xncbpw Npgn-bpw.
]n.- hke : (1938)
IrXn-I: s\v, ]mf-bw, KuX-a, Ac-nw,
Bt-bw, IqasIm-n.
hnjvWp\mcm-b-W \q-Xncn : (1936)
IrXn-I: D-bn-\n-bnse cm-I-ep-I, `qan-KoX-, A]-cm-Pn-X, Cy-sb hnIm-cw, apJ-sahnsS, dn-nIv, `qan-Ko-X-.
Fw.-]n. hotc-{-Ip-am (1936)
IrXn-I: cmas ZpxJw, Kmpw ImWm--c-SpIfpw,
_ps Nncn.

248

]m-_mn : sI. Zmtam-Z-cs \mS-Iw.

sFXn-ly-am-e-bpsS Imhv sImm-c -n
ipn.
t]mn-c dm^n-bpsS hnJymX IrXn-I-fmWv
kz-Zq-X, Hmtcm-{]m-s\m-_o-kv.
i_vZ-Xm-cm-henbpsS Imhv {ioI-WvtT-izcw
Pn. ]\m-`-]n.
tIcf {K-imem kwL-ns apJ-]-{X-amWv
{K-tem-Iw.
Ddm-n, Sn.-kn. tPmWns {]ikvX t\mh-em-Wv.
Fw. IrjvW \mb : kmlnXy \ncq-]-I.
t\ct ae-bmf \mSv hmcn-I-bn-epw, ]noSv IemIu-ap-Zn-bnepw Ctm ae-bmfw hmcn-I-bnepw
{]kn--s-Sp-p kmln-Xy hmc-^ew Ct-lns ]wn-bm-Wv.
tZh-kv]-\w Fw.-hn. tZhs {]kn-- Ir-Xn-bmWv.
Sn.-s I. cma-Ir- jvW Fgp-Xnb t\mh-emWv
Inse Xosmcn-I.
tNs \ng-en F IrXn cNn-Xv eoem ZmtamZc tat\m BWv.
"tIkcn' F A]-c - \m-a- n th-bn
Ipn-cm-a \mb\mcpw (I-hn) Fw.-_m-e-Ir-jvW]n (\n-cq-]-I) bpw Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
ku-cy-\n-co--Ww, kmln-Xy-hn-Nm-cw Fnh
Fw.-]n. t]m cNn \ncq-]W {K--fm-Wv.
hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvWs {]kn IrXn-bmWv tcmKns ]q.
k-dn-b-bpsS {]kn cN-\-bmWv Fpv
hntijw ]oem-tmtk?

B-I-Y-I-fpw Imfpw
Fs \mSp-I-S- ......................... kztZ-im-`n-am\n
cma-Ir-jvW-]n
PohnX kacw ..................................... kn. tIi-h
B-IY .............................................. C.-Fw.-F-kv.
Fs PohnX kvac-W-I ............ av ]-\m`
Rm ....................................................... F.-F. ]n
XpSn-p Xmfp-I ......................... N-pg IrjvW]n
Fs PohnX IY ............................ Fkv.-]n. ]n
Hm-bpsS Xoc--fn ................... XIgn
Fs _mey-Ime kvac-W-I ... kn. ANyp-X-tat\m
]nn PohnX]mX .......................... tUm. Pn. cma-N{
khokv tmdn ................................ ae-bm-q cma-IrjvW
DtZym-K- ]hw..................................... tXmw cmP-ti-Jc
Hcp kPs Hm-p-dn-p-I
.................................................................. tUm.]n.-sI.B.
hmcy
Ign Imew .................................... sI.-]n. tIi-h-tat\m
Fs PohnX IY ............................ F.-sI. tKm]m-e
ssa kv{SKnkv ................................. C.-sI. \mb-\m
B-IY .............................................. kZm sI.Fw.]Wn-
Pohn-X]mX .......................................... sNdp-ImSv (tKm-hn-n-jm-c-Sn)
Hfn-hnse Hm-I ......................... tXmn `mkn
Fs IY-bn-m-bva-I................... F.-]n. DZ-b-`m\p
Fs IpXnpw InXpw ................ ^mZ tPmk^v
hS-

sImgn Ce-I ............................ tPmk^v aptcn

PohnX kvac-W-I .......................... C.-hn. IrjvW]n
Hm-bpsS Hmf--fn ................... Pn. i-c-p-dpv
Ihn-bpsS Imev]m-Sp-I ................. ]n. Ipp-cm-a
\mb
Hm-I-fpsS temIv ................... tIi-h-tZhv
Fs hgn-n-cnhv ............................. s]mIpw
hn
Fs hgn-b--e-...................... Fkv.sI. s]mmSv
Hm-bpsS Ad-I ......................... sshw apl-Zv
_jo
B-I-Ybvv Hcp BapJw ........ efn-Xmw-_nI
A\w
B-tcJ ............................................ shn-pfw
tKm]m-e-p-dpv
A\p-`-h- A`n-a-X- ........... F
IrjvW]n
Pohn-Xhpw Rm\pw ............................ sI. kptc-{
A\p-`-h--fpsS kwKoXw ............. ]h-\
\oam-Xfw ]q Imew/Fs B-IY
.................................................................. am[-hn-pn
Fs \mSI kvac-W-I .............. ]n.-sP. BWn
A`n-\-b-Nn--I .............................. Imn-tcn IcpWm- I-c
Hm-bpsS IY ................................. F. tKmhn-
Ipn
Acpw AWn-b-dbpw .................... Iem-a-ew,
IrjvW \mb
Xnc-t\mw.............................................. Iem-a-ew,
cmaIpn \mb
Ac-p- Im-Wm \S ................ Xntm-Sn-b

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