02 - Input Basics

CAESAR II
Input Basics Workshop
Getting Started
Start CAESAR II z Set the working folder z Open a new job z Check units z Build data
z
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Work Flow
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Markup the Drawing Build and Review the Model Error Check the Model Review/Edit Load Cases 3 Run the Analyses Review Results
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Getting Help
User Guide , Technical Reference, Application Guide z On-line documentation z F1 on the cell of interest z Tool tips show dimensions
z
Input Basics
CAESAR II Main Menu

Locate working folder
Menu Bar Toolbar
Identify Version & Build
Input Basics
Input Spreadsheet
1920x1200 screen resolution (reduced to 33% here)
Input Basics
Input Spreadsheet
1280x1024 (reduced to 40% here)
Input Basics
Manipulating the Display
Input Basics
Graphics only
Input Basics
Tearing the Input
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Input Tools
z
Toolbars can be conveniently arranged around the window. There are three tool bar groups:
Main Menu Input Plot
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Main Menu Tools
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Input / Edit / List Tools
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Plot Tools
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Input Strategy
The physical system is represented by the assembly of simple stick elements z Node numbers identify the ends of all these elements z Each piping element is defined in a piping spreadsheet
z
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Piping Spreadsheet Layout
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Point vs. Carry-Forward Data

z
Entered data is automatically carried forward forward to the next element where appropriate. CarryCarry-forward items are highlighted in red. Point data applies to this element only (shown in yellow).
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Input Basics
Moving Around Spreadsheets

Next, or, if Last, Create Next
First
Previous Next
Last
If Last, Duplicate PgDn PgUp <Ctrl>Home
<Ctrl>End
(or Mouse Wheel)
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Deleting Spreadsheets & Data

z z
<Ctrl>D or Delete Key
Erases the current spreadsheet/element.
Erases the current (highlighted) cell. This key is used to erase erase errant data in particular fields rather than entire spreadsheets.
Double-click Check Box / Click Aux Tools

Deletes auxiliary items and their associated information. A double doubleclick on the check box or pressing the spacebar for the highlighted highlighted checkbox will toggle the entry. Clicking an Aux Tools Tools button will toggle the current entry.
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Pipe Length - DX, DY & DZ

Input 6 6-0 66.36-10 6-10-1/4
z
English Output (ft.-in.) 6 in. 6 ft. 6 ft. 6 ft. 3.6 in. 6 ft. 10 in. 6 ft 10.25 in.
SI Output (m-cm) 6 cm 6m 6m 630 cm 610 cm 610.25 cm
mm Output (mm-mm) 6 mm 6 mm 6 mm 6.3 mm 16 mm 16.25 mm
Cell Math (English): Addition: 66-10+610+6-2 = (6 ft. 10 in.) + (6 ft. 2 in.) = 13 ft. Subtraction: -1010-3+23+2-5 = - (10 ft. 3 in.) + (2 ft. 5 in.) = -7 ft. 10 in.
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Available Nominal Pipe ODs

z
ANSI (inches) JIS (millimeters)
Units: English Units:SI
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 42 z 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 z 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
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DIN (millimeters)
Units: mm
Available Pipe Schedules

z ANSI
ANSI B36.10 Steel Pipe Nominals: ANSI B36.10 Steel Pipe Numbers: ANSI B36.19 SS Pipe Numbers: JIS 1990 Steel Pipe Numbers: JIS 1990 SS Pipe Numbers: S XS XXS 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 5S 10S 40S 80S 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 5S 10S 40S
z JIS
z DIN
The DIN specification does not include schedule numbers. Entering S obtains a standard wall thickness for each of the 28 nominal diameters.
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Typical Restraint Definitions
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Non-Linear Conditions in CAESAR II

z z
Terminology applies to restraint definitions or boundary conditions. The piping system boundary conditions (i.e. the restraints) are represented as stiffnesses, or springs, in the equation being solved: [K]{x} = {f}. A constant value for stiffness K models a linear boundary. Piping systems have restraint conditions that change; these nonlinear restraints are more complex.
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Linear vs. Non-Linear

z Example
of a linear boundary conditions include a double acting rigid restraint, such as a Y support or a spring hanger. z The force versus displacement curve for these restraints is a straight line linear. z The slope of the line is the stiffness.
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zA
+Y +Y support is a nonnon-linear support. z Its force vs displacement curve is not a straight line. z Stiffness only exists for negative displacements. z For positive displacements, the stiffness is zero.
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zA
gap gap is also a nonnon-linear support. z The force vs. displacement curve is not a straight line. z There is no added stiffness in the gap.
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Other Non-Linear Conditions

Friction z Large rotation rods z Bi-linear restraints
z
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Connecting Nodes
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Connecting Nodes
z z
These two models are structurally identical. The model at right has an ANCHOR at 55 with a CNODE of 56. There is NO element 55 - 56. The anchor will now show the internal internal loads of 55 on 56.
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Connecting Nodes
z z
CNODEs are a very flexible, useful feature of CAESAR II. Think of a CNODE as:
a ball & socket joint joint, some DOFs are related (such as translation), while others are not (such as rotation) or the other end of the restraint.
A restraint with CNODE can even replace a pipe element.

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Input Basics
Insulation & Fluid Density

z
Insulation
If insulation density is left blank, CAESAR II will use the density of calcium silicate (0.00665 lbf./cu.in.) with the insulation thickness to determine insulation weight. Refractory lining can be included using a negative insulation thickness. The volume will be calculated by projecting the thickness inside rather than outside the pipe.
Fluid
Fluid density may be entered directly in terms of specific gravity by following the number with SG SG, as in 0.8SG. Specific gravity is immediately converted to density.
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Rigid Element Characteristics

z
Stiffness based on 10 times wall thickness
If WEIGHT > 0
Total Weight =
specified weight + fluid weight + 1.75 * insulation thickness (based on specified OD)
If WEIGHT = 0
Total Weight = 0,
regardless of specified fluid & insulation
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Input Basics
Valve/Flange Databases
CAESAR II provides several databases containing rigid length & weight. CADWORX & CRANE provide catalog data. GENERIC & NOFLANGE contain simpler data. Be aware of the lengths used by CAESAR II...
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Bend Element Basics

Bends can only be defined on the element entering the bend (at the To Node). z The two elements which contain the bend must be contiguous. z The layout of the two elements containing the bend, define the bend angle.
z
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Bend Node Numbering
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Dimensioning Bends
Node locations Actual node for locations: dimensioning:
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Reducers
Enter the To To End data here or enter the size on the next element.
From From End
Alpha, the slope slope of the reducer, will be estimated if not entered.
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Duplicating Data
z z z z z z
Locate selection Click on Group Select Drag box around selection Click Duplicate Enter Data Review plot
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Input Basics
Duplicating Data
Whats Wrong? z 60-70 duplicated as 130-140 z Change to 130-70
z
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Imposed Displacements
A pipe support or anchor may impose movement through thermal growth or settlement. z Do not model this boundary condition as a support or anchor. Instead, define the displacement for the support or a complete set of displacements and rotations for the anchor.
z
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z z z
Hint, a vector of six zeros for displacement is identical to an anchor. An undefined term is free. Load sets including the displacement set Dn will show these displacements, e.g. W+T1+P1+D1. Load sets without a displacement set will show zeroes for the six terms, just like an anchor, e.g. W+P1.
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Input Basics
Starting the Analysis

z
Click Error Check Click on Error Click on Zoom to Selection

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z z
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Building and Using Load Case

CAESAR II recommends loads cases for new jobs. z CAESAR II keeps the load cases from the last analysis. z CAESAR II does not recommend occasional load sets.
z
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The Load Case Editor
Reset to recommended cases
Load cases Primitive loads used in this job
Stress type
Set load cycles
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Building and Using Load Cases

All load components (primitive loads) defined in the job are displayed. z These primitive loads are combined to make up the load cases. z Load cases, too, may be combined to create additional load cases. z All primitive combinations must be defined before load case combinations.
z
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Primitive Loads in CAESAR II

z z z z z z z z z
W, WNC, WW pipe and insulation weight with contents, with no content, with water weight T1, T2, , T9 thermal strain HP, P1, P2, , P9 hydrostatic & pipe pressure H, F1, F2, , F9 hanger preload, itemized loads D1, D2, , D9 imposed displacements CS cold spring; cut short or cut long U1, U2, U3 added load per unit length (or g) WIND1, WIND2, , WIND4 wind loads WAVE1, WAVE2, , WAVE4 hydrodynamic loads
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Building Load Cases

z
Load cases serve three purposes in a CAESAR II analysis

Develop code-defined stresses Examine structural response at various states (e.g. installed and operating condition) Collect data to size spring hangers
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Building Load Cases

CAESAR II will recommend a set of load cases for analysis based on assumed stress categories. z The user can edit and add to these recommended load cases.
z
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Default stress categories

z z z
Sustained components:
W, P1-P9, H
Expansion components:
T1-T9, D1-D9
Unassigned components:
Occasional: U1-U3, WIND1-WIND4, WAVE1-WAVE4, F1-F9 Structural: WNC, WW, HP, CS
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Load Case/Stress Types

z z z
Each load case includes a load case identifier These identifiers determine how the results are calculated and used SUStained, EXPansion, OCCasional, OPErating, and FATigue set the stress calculation and allowable stress HYDrostatic and HGR (hanger) set support configuration and data availability
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Examples of Primitive Load Sets

z
For a job with W,P1,T1,D1 and loaded spring hangers:

W+T1+P1+D1+H (OPE) W+P1+H (SUS)
For a job with W,P1,P2,T1,T2:

W+T1+P1 (OPE) W+T2+P2 (OPE) W+P1 (SUS) W+P2 (SUS)
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Load Combinations
z
L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE) L2: W+P1 (SUS) L3: L1-L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE) L2: W+P1 (SUS) L3: WIND (OCC) L4: L1-L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range L5: L2+L3 (OCC) :sustained + occasional stress
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Combining Load Cases

z z z
Load cases can be combined for structural and/or stress evaluation. All basic load cases must be defined before these combinations can be constructed. For example, expansion stress range is taken between two states, typically, between operating and installed states. And, sustained stresses are summed with occasional stresses for comparison to the allowed limit.
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Input Basics
Combining Load Cases

z
Load case combinations are identified by the prefix L

L1+L2 combines load case 1 and load case 2 L2+1.5L3 combines 1.5 times load case 3 with load case 2
There are several ways to combine load cases:

Algebraic (e.g. expansion range) Scalar (e.g. sustained plus occasional) Max/Min (display max or min absolute)
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Load Case Options

Adjust supports
Edit load case names
What to Keep or keep discard the output report
How to combine load cases
Select Young Youngs Modulus
Globally modify friction
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Load Case Options

z z z z z z z
Change the display name Select what reports (if any) to build in the output Set the combination method Activate snubbers Lock/unlock spring supports Specify a Youngs Modulus Globally adjust coefficient of friction
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Structural vs. Stress Analysis

L1: L2: L3: L4: L5: L6: structural W+T1+P1 (OPE) W+P1 (SUS) WIND (OCC) W+T1+P1+WIND (OPE) L1-L2 (EXP) (Algebraic) L2+L3 (OCC) (Scalar) stress
(restraint loads & system deflections)
(code(code-defined)
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Global vs. Local Coordinates

z
The standard X,Y,Z global coordinate system used in CAESAR II output is augmented by a local coordinate system to report element forces and moments in terms of axial and shear loads and torque and bending moments.
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Input Basics
Global vs. Local Coordinates

z
The local coordinate system is:

x points from the element From node to the To node. This is the axial direction. y is the cross product of the local x and global vertical up. z is the cross of local x and local y.
A few examples will illustrate...

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Global (Y up) vs. Local Coordinates
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Global (Y up) vs. Local Coordinates
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Other Input Items
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Break Command
The break command adds nodes to an existing pipe run; either a single node at any point or several, equallyequally-spaced nodes based on a node number increment or final pipe count.
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Closing Loops Automatically
The Close Loop command automatically connects the specified nodes (here, 90 to 15) with the proper length piping element to complete the path.
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Material Database
CAESAR II provides a database of material properties that may be changed by the user. Database materials are identified by numbers from 101 to 699.
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User-defined Material (ID=21)

z
Coefficient of Expansion (T1, T2, )

Entered as strain, this value must be defined for each temperature case used. Data between -0.05 and 0.05 (alpha tolerance) are interpreted as strain rather than temperature.
Elastic Modulus (ambient) z Poissons Ratio z Pipe Density

z
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Offsets
Offsets can be used at vessel/nozzle junctions or pipe intersections where branch branch cantilever length would be inappropriate if extended to the centerline of the vessel or header. Here, the offset is used to eliminate the pipe length between the vessel wall and centerline. The element from 20 to 30 will have an offset specified for the To To end with a +X dimension equal to the vessel radius. This will adjust the element stiffness and weight but not the node locations. A weightless, rigid element through this open space would serve equally well.
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02 - Input Basics

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02 - Input Basics

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CAESAR II

Input Basics Workshop

CAESAR II Main Menu

Menu Bar Toolbar

Identify Version & Build

1920x1200 screen resolution (reduced to 33% here)

1280x1024 (reduced to 40% here)

Manipulating the Display

Tearing the Input

Main Menu Tools

Input / Edit / List Tools

Piping Spreadsheet Layout

Point vs. Carry-Forward Data

Moving Around Spreadsheets

If Last, Duplicate PgDn PgUp <Ctrl>Home

(or Mouse Wheel)

Deleting Spreadsheets & Data

<Ctrl>D or Delete Key

Erases the current spreadsheet/element.

Double-click Check Box / Click Aux Tools

Pipe Length - DX, DY & DZ

SI Output (m-cm) 6 cm 6m 6m 630 cm 610 cm 610.25 cm

mm Output (mm-mm) 6 mm 6 mm 6 mm 6.3 mm 16 mm 16.25 mm

Available Nominal Pipe ODs

ANSI (inches) JIS (millimeters)

Units: English Units:SI

Available Pipe Schedules

Typical Restraint Definitions

Non-Linear Conditions in CAESAR II

Linear vs. Non-Linear

Linear vs. Non-Linear

Linear vs. Non-Linear

Other Non-Linear Conditions

A restraint with CNODE can even replace a pipe element.

Insulation & Fluid Density

Rigid Element Characteristics

Stiffness based on 10 times wall thickness

Bend Element Basics

Bend Node Numbering

From From End

Starting the Analysis

Click Error Check Click on Error Click on Zoom to Selection

Building and Using Load Case

The Load Case Editor

Reset to recommended cases

Load cases Primitive loads used in this job

Set load cycles

Building and Using Load Cases

Primitive Loads in CAESAR II

Building Load Cases

Load cases serve three purposes in a CAESAR II analysis

Building Load Cases

Default stress categories

Load Case/Stress Types

Examples of Primitive Load Sets

For a job with W,P1,T1,D1 and loaded spring hangers:

For a job with W,P1,P2,T1,T2:

Combining Load Cases

Combining Load Cases

Load case combinations are identified by the prefix L

There are several ways to combine load cases:

Load Case Options

Edit load case names