The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/2013

2012/13
THE LITTLE DATA BOOK

ON AFRICA
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Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
Users guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Burkina Faso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cameroon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Cape Verde. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Central African Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Comoros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Congo, Democratic Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Congo, Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Côte d’Ivoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Djibouti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Egypt, Arab Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Gambia, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Guinea-Bissau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Kenya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Mauritania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Mauritius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Mozambique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
São Tomé and Príncipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Seychelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Sierra Leone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Zambia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 iii

Acknowledgments
The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 is a product of the Africa Region of
the World Bank. Rose Mungai was the director of this book and its com-
panions—Africa Development Indicators 2012/13, ADI Online, Africa Devel-
opment Indicators 2012/13 CD-ROM, and The Little Data Book on Gender in
Africa—and also led the work on data management, consistency checks,
and compilation and provided overall data quality assurance. Francoise
Genouille coordinated all stages of pro duction. The core team included
Francoise Genouille and Ayago Esmubancha Wambile. Federico Escaler
and William Prince collaborated in the production of The Little Data Book
on Africa 2012/13.
The overall work was carried out under the guidance of Shantayanan
Devarajan, Chief Economist of the Africa Region.
EEI Communications provided design, editing, and layout.
iv The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

Introduction
The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 is a pocket edition of Africa Develop-
ment Indicators 2012/13. It contains some 115 key indicators on econom-
ics, human development, governance, and partnership and is intended as
a quick reference for users of the Africa Development Indicators 2012/13
book and ADI Online. The country tables present the latest available data
for World Bank member countries in Africa.
The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 v

Users guide
Aggregates
Aggregate data are based on the World Bank’s regional classification for
Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, which may differ from common geo-
graphic usage. Former Spanish Sahara is not included in any aggregates.
Statistics
Country data are for 1990, 2000, and the most recent year available,
usually 2010–11, as economies were constituted in 2010. Regional data
are for the most recent year available, usually 2009. Data in italics are
for 2001–09. Consistent time-series data for 1960–2011 are available
on ADI Online.
Symbols
.. means that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calcu-
lated because of missing data in the years shown.
< is less than.
- is not applicable.
$ means current U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.
0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that the number would round to zero
at the displayed number of decimal places.
Data presentation conventions
A billion is 1,000 million.
Growth rates are in real terms, unless otherwise specified.
Data consistency, reliability, and comparability
Considerable effort has been made to harmonize the data, but full com-
parability cannot be assured, and care must be taken in interpreting indi-
cators. Many factors affect data availability, reliability, and comparability.
Data coverage may be incomplete because of circumstances affecting the

collection and reporting of data, such as conflicts. Although drawn from
sources thought to be the most authoritative, data should be construed as
indicating trends and characterizing differences across economies. Read-
ers are advised not to compare data series between editions or across
World Bank publications.
vi The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

Classification of economies
For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion
for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every
economy in The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 is classified as low
income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income econo-
mies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the
term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the
group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have
reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income
does not necessarily reflect development status.
Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,005 or less
in 2010.
Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than
$1,005 but less than $12,275. Lower middle-income and upper middle
income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,976.
High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or

more.
The cutoff date for data for this publication is August 2012.
However, it must be noted that the database may have more recent data
by the time of this publication.
The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 vii

Country tables
The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 1

Algeria
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
Population (millions) 25.3 30.5 35.5 166.3
Population growth (%) 2.5 1.4 1.5 1.5
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) 2,420 1,600 4,390 3,533
GDP ($ billions) 62.0 54.8 162.0 586.8

GDP growth (%) 0.8 2.2 3.3 4.2
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,833 1,794 2,232 2,313
GDP per capita growth (%) -1.7 0.7 1.8 2.7
GDP deflator, index (2000=100; $ series) 133.8 100.0 204.6 152.5
Consumer Price Index (% change) 16.7 0.3 3.9 ..
Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.4 8.9 6.9 11.9
Industry value added (% of GDP) 48.2 58.6 62.1 41.6
Services plus discrepancy value added (% of GDP) 40.5 32.5 31.0 46.5
Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.3 .. 7.5 0.3
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. .. ..
Central government revenue (% of GDP) 19.5 14.6 25.6 24.1
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) -1.5 19.8 9.3 -2.3
Total external debt (% of GDP) 45.4 46.3 3.3 ..
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 27.1 44.8 50.7 25.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.0 20.7 .. ..
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 12.9 .. ..
Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 94.3 107.8 110.2 ..
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 62.0 .. .. ..
Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 10.5 .. 30.8 ..
Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure) .. .. .. ..
Number of start-up procedures to register a business .. .. 14 9
Time to start a business (days per procedure) .. .. 25 18
Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. .. 12.1 41.5
Time required to register property (days) .. .. 48 55
Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. .. 630 788
Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0= less disclosure to 10=more) .. .. 6 6
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. 451 270
Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 72.0 53.4
Average time to clear customs, direct exports (days) .. .. .. ..
Average time to clear customs, imports (days) .. .. .. ..
Time required in dealing with construction permits .. .. 281.0 171.2
Delay for firm in obtaining electrical connection (days) .. .. .. ..
Electric power outages for firms (number per month) .. .. .. ..
Delay in obtaining a mainline telephone connection (days) .. .. .. ..
Business connection charge (US$) 128.4 46.5 .. 77.0
Fixed broadband internet connection charge (US$) .. .. .. 0.0
Real interest rate (%) .. -11.7 -7.1 ..
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 56.1 6.0 15.6 36.9
Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. .. ..
Firms that believe court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupt (%) .. .. .. ..
Crime, theft and disorder as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. .. ..
Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. .. ..
Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. .. ..
Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. .. ..
Labor regulations as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. .. ..
Labor skill level as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. .. ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 4,229.3 17,119.6 18,726.8 ..
Non-cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 3,954.1 8,758.9 64.0 ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 687.7 883.3 1,568.0 2,772.2
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.4 41.2 30.8 28.4
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 21.4 21.5 30.7
Terms of trade index (2000=100) 79.2 100.0 .. ..
Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 223.3 120.9 102.4 98.0
Export diversification index (%) .. 0.8 0.8 ..
Import diversification index (%) .. 0.5 0.5 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) -4.4 .. 2,044.0 8,347.7
Workers remittances received ($ millions) 352.4 .. 66.0 20,673.0
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 352.0 790.0 2,044.4 23,016.0
2 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

Upper middle income
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
Participating in growth
Rural population (% of total population) 47.9 40.2 33.5
46.3
Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) 87.7 62.2 46.3 52.8
Population 0-24 (% of total population) .. .. .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 67.1 70.0 72.9 72.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. .. ..
Gini index .. .. .. ..
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 54.9 41.4 30.5 23.0
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 67.6 48.9 36.0 27.0
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 92.6 .. ..
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. .. .. ..
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. 23.6 .. ..
Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12-23 months) 83.0 80.0 95.0 96.2
Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. .. ..
HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15-49) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS (thousands) 0.1 0.2 1.0 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 0.9 .. .. 2.1
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people) .. .. .. 3.0
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 80.8 82.4 96.0 ..
Student-teacher ratio, primary school 27.8 28.4 23.3 25.6
Adult literacy, total (% of ages 15 and over) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 81.6 .. .. ..
Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15-64) 44.1 46.4 45.9 50.5
Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 77.5 79.4 75.4 77.3
Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) 10.5 12.8 15.7 23.9
Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 100.0 93.0 85.0 95.3
Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 88.0 84.0 79.0 88.4
Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 99.0 99.0 98.0 94.0
Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 77.0 82.0 88.0 84.4
Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) 3.2 6.1 100.7 106.1
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. .. 24.8 39.4
Mobile phone subscribers (per 100 people) 0.0 0.3 92.4 94.8
Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.5 12.5 28.0
Capable states
IDA resource allocation index (1 low to 6 high) .. .. .. —
Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 low to 10 high) .. .. 2.9 —
Control of corruption (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -1.0 -0.5 —
Voice and accountability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -1.2 -1.0 —
Political stability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -1.6 -1.3 —
Government effectiveness (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -1.0 -0.6 —
Regulatory quality (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -0.7 -1.1 —
Rule of law (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -1.1 -0.8 —
Revised Combined Polity Score -2.0 -3.0 2.0 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid ($ millions) 331.7 199.6 198.3 2,729.9
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.5
Net ODA aid per capita from all donors ($) 13.1 6.5 5.6 16.4
Net ODA aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 102.2 65.7 143.0 1,579.3
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 208.0 71.3 -2.0 100.2
Net ODA aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 21.5 62.7 57.4 794.9
Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) .. .. .. ..
PDI-1 Country with operational national development strategies (A-F) .. .. .. ..
PDI-12 Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. .. ..
Note: Latest year data are for 2010 or 2011; data in italics are for 2008 or 2009.

Angola Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) 740 420 3,960 1,202
GDP ($ billions) 10.3 9.1 82.5 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -0.3 3.0 3.4 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 819 656 1,369 653
GDP per capita growth (%) -3.0 -0.1 0.6 2.4
Consumer Price Index (% change) .. 325.0 14.5 ..
Current account balance (% of GDP) -2.3 8.7 9.0 -1.5
Central government revenue (% of GDP) 25.6 50.2 43.5 ..
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) 18.0 26.8 19.4 -2.7
Drivers of growth
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 15.1 12.6 20.4
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 8.9 3.0 12.8
Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 82.2 .. 124.5 ..
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 10.9 14.9 31.3 ..
Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure) .. .. 8.5 ..
Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. .. 1,011 655
Average time to clear customs, direct exports (days) .. .. 6.7 9.5
Average time to clear customs, imports (days) .. .. 11.4 11.9
Delay for firm in obtaining electrical connection (days) .. .. 7.7 ..
Electric power outages for firms (number per month) .. .. 5.4 ..
Delay in obtaining a mainline telephone connection (days) .. .. 9 ..
Business connection charge (US$) .. 149.4 49.0 46.5
Fixed broadband internet connection charge (US$) .. .. 58.8 61.2
Real interest rate (%) .. -60.8 0.1 ..
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) .. 2.0 20.9 64.1
Corruption as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. 75.6 ..
Firms that believe court system is fair, impartial and uncorrupt (%) .. .. 23.6 ..
Crime, theft and disorder as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. 28.1 ..
Tax rates as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. 26.4 ..
Finance as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. 38.5 ..
Electricity as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. 35.7 ..
Labor regulations as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. 26.1 ..
Labor skill level as major constraint (% of firms) .. .. 25.9 ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 97,838.8231,372.8 3,600.0 ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 320.9 572.2 643.8 1,335.7
Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. 100.0 .. ..
Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) .. .. .. 106.1
Export diversification index (%) .. 0.8 0.8 0.6
Import diversification index (%) .. 0.5 0.5 0.3
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) -335.7 878.6 -4,567.6 ..
Workers remittances received ($ millions) .. .. 18.0 ..
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) .. .. 18.0 20,501.5

Upper middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. 58.6 58.6 ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. .. ..
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. .. .. ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 0.0 .. .. ..
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people) .. .. .. ..
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. 46.6 70.2
Student-teacher ratio, primary school 33.1 .. 45.8 45.7
Adult literacy, total (% of ages 15 and over) .. .. 70.0 ..
Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15-24) .. .. 73.1 ..
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. 78.9 ..
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. .. 1.5 ..
Capable states
IDA resource allocation index (1 low to 6 high) .. .. 2.8 —
Corruption Perceptions Index score (0 low to 10 high) .. 1.7 1.9 —
Revised Combined Polity Score -7.0 -3.0 -2.0 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 2.6 3.3 0.3 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 1.8 -2.5 3.3 247.7
Net ODA aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 100.8 107.1 85.3 16,376.2

Benin Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) 360 370 780 1,202
GDP ($ billions) 1.8 2.3 6.6 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 3.2 5.8 3.0 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 296 346 377 653
GDP per capita growth (%) 0.1 2.7 0.1 2.4
Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.1 36.5 .. 11.2
Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.2 13.9 .. 30.4
Services plus discrepancy value added (% of GDP) 50.7 49.6 .. 58.4
Current account balance (% of GDP) -1.0 -3.6 .. -1.5
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. -1.0 ..
Central government revenue (% of GDP) 5.7 16.6 .. ..
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) -12.0 -12.9 -13.8 -2.7
Drivers of growth
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 23.1 .. ..
Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.2 3.9 .. ..
Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure) .. 15.5 .. ..
Real interest rate (%) 14.2 .. .. ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 847.9 1,102.1 1,402.1 1,335.7
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 62.4 56.2 .. ..
Workers remittances received ($ millions) 88.8 80.5 .. ..
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 101.0 87.1 149.9 20,501.5

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 0.1 .. 0.1 ..
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people) .. .. 0.0 ..
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 19.5 39.8 .. 70.2
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 60.9 .. ..
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. .. .. ..
Capable states
Voice and accountability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.4 0.3 —
Political stability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.6 0.3 —
Revised Combined Polity Score 0.0 6.0 7.0 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 14.5 10.8 10.5 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) -0.4 -1.1 1.2 247.7
Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) .. .. 69.5 ..
PDI-1 Country with operational national development strategies (A-F) .. .. B ..
PDI-12 Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. A ..

Botswana Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 3.8 5.6 14.9 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 6.8 5.9 7.0 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,336 3,204 4,190 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) -0.5 9.7 0.3 -1.5
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 19.1 .. .. ..
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) 5.3 12.1 -7.0 -2.7
Drivers of growth
Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 105.4 104.0 .. ..
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 40.1 74.6 .. ..
Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 5.6 .. ..
Real interest rate (%) 1.5 15.4 -2.8 ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 11,000.0 0.0 0.0 ..
Non-cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 4,433.7 0.0 0.0 ..
Terms of trade index (2000=100) 96.6 100.0 87.3 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 88.5 54.9 264.7 ..
Workers remittances received ($ millions) .. 0.4 12.1 ..

Upper middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. .. 200.0 ..
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. 29.1 31.4 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) .. .. .. ..
Student-teacher ratio, primary school 31.7 26.7 .. 45.7
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 108.0 101.7 .. ..
Capable states
Control of corruption (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.7 1.0 —
Government effectiveness (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.5 0.5 —
Regulatory quality (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.6 0.5 —
Rule of law (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.5 0.7 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 3.8 0.5 1.0 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) -1.8 -0.9 -0.5 247.7
Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) 14.4 .. .. ..
PDI-12 Existence of a mutual accountability review (A-F) .. .. B ..

Burkina Faso Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 3.1 2.6 8.8 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -0.6 1.8 7.9 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 167 212 283 653
Consumer Price Index (% change) -0.5 -0.3 -0.8 ..
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) -13.5 -16.1 .. -2.7
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 5.4 0.6 .. 16.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 18.7 .. 20.4
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.0 11.0 .. 12.8
Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 0.7 1.0 3.3 ..
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.0 9.1 .. 31.2
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.5 25.2 .. 33.9
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 22.9 .. ..

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. .. 46.7 ..
Gini index .. .. 39.8 ..
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) .. .. 35.1 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) .. .. 0.1 ..
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 19.3 23.8 45.1 70.2
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. 70.2 87.7 ..
Capable states
Political stability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.0 -0.1 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid ($ millions) 326.5 179.8 1,062.3 44,588.7
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 10.5 6.9 12.0 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 11.3 3.8 5.4 247.7
Net ODA aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 76.5 -51.8 598.2 16,376.2
PDI-1 Country with operational national development strategies (A-F) .. .. C ..

Burundi Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 1.1 0.8 2.0 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 3.5 -0.9 3.8 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 182 131 138 653
GDP per capita growth (%) 1.0 -2.3 1.2 2.4
Current account balance (% of GDP) -6.1 -6.0 -14.8 -1.5
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) -5.4 -7.4 -12.4 16.8
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 4.8 .. 24.8 ..
Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure) .. 13.1 25.1 ..
Average time to clear customs, direct exports (days) .. .. .. 9.5
Average time to clear customs, imports (days) .. .. .. 11.9
Business connection charge (US$) 26.5 83.3 22.8 46.5
Real interest rate (%) 6.0 -13.2 4.4 ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 861.6 8,468.2 31,133.3 ..
Non-cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 1,697.9 2,495.4 1,159.9 ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,348.5 1,243.4 1,345.9 1,335.7

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 25.2 60.3 ..
Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. 1.3 45.2 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 0.1 0.1 .. ..
Adult literacy, total (% of ages 15 and over) 37.4 59.3 66.6 ..
Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15-24) 53.6 73.3 76.6 ..
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 79.0 .. 93.9 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 23.2 11.1 31.1 4.0
PDI-1 Country with operational national development strategies (A-F) .. .. D ..

Cameroon Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 11.2 10.1 22.5 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -6.1 4.2 3.2 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 722 643 714 653
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) -5.6 .. .. ..
Drivers of growth
Real interest rate (%) 16.6 18.6 .. ..
Non-cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 748.3 318.7 302.0 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) -127.9 149.1 35.3 ..
Workers remittances received ($ millions) 19.0 11.8 93.6 ..

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. 1.3 .. ..
Adult literacy, total (% of ages 15 and over) .. 68.4 .. ..
Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15-24) .. 83.1 .. ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 4.0 3.7 2.4 4.0

Cape Verde Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) 870 1,390 3,280 1,202
GDP ($ billions) 0.3 0.5 1.7 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 0.7 16.8 5.2 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 804 1,233 1,959 653
Consumer Price Index (% change) 10.7 -2.5 2.1 ..
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) 0.0 -33.5 -28.5 -2.7
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 25.3 -2.8 18.3 16.8
Business connection charge (US$) .. 25.1 .. 46.5
Real interest rate (%) 7.5 24.3 7.5 ..
Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. 100.0 159.1 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) -0.1 32.1 111.9 ..

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. 76.1 54.0 ..
HIV prevalence rate (% of ages 15-49) .. .. .. 5.5
Deaths of adults and children due to AIDS (thousands) .. .. .. ..
Adult literacy, total (% of ages 15 and over) 62.8 .. 84.8 ..
Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15-24) 88.2 .. 98.2 ..
Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) .. 84.0 90.0 82.7
Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) .. 81.0 85.0 48.6
Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) .. 61.0 73.0 42.4
Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) .. 25.0 43.0 23.4
Capable states
Government effectiveness (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.3 -0.1 —
Regulatory quality (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.0 -0.1 —
Revised Combined Polity Score -2.0 8.0 10.0 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 34.3 17.4 19.8 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0.3 -0.4 -0.7 247.7

Central African Republic Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 1.5 1.0 2.0 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -2.1 2.3 3.3 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 278 259 240 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) -6.0 .. .. -1.5
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) -0.6 5.2 .. 16.8
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) -3.1 .. .. ..
Workers remittances received ($ millions) .. .. .. ..
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 0.1 .. .. 20,501.5

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 56.3 ..
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 30.4 .. 41.1 70.2
Adult literacy, total (% of ages 15 and over) .. 48.6 55.2 ..
Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15-24) .. 58.5 64.7 ..
Capable states
Revised Combined Polity Score -7.0 5.0 -1.0 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 16.7 7.8 13.2 4.0

Chad Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 1.7 1.4 8.5 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -4.2 -0.9 13.0 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 184 168 300 653
Consumer Price Index (% change) -0.7 3.8 -2.1 ..
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) -7.7 5.5 10.7 16.8
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 10.5 22.7 12.8
Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 0.8 2.2 ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 19,055.9 17,403.4108,344.1 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. .. .. ..
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) .. .. .. 20,501.5

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school 40.9 55.9 65.8 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 17.9 9.5 5.7 4.0

Comoros Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 0.3 0.2 0.5 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 5.1 1.4 2.1 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 413 359 336 653
GDP per capita growth (%) 2.6 -1.2 -0.5 2.4
Consumer Price Index (% change) .. .. 3.4 ..
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) -3.2 -5.7 .. 16.8
Real interest rate (%) .. 8.3 6.4 ..
Workers remittances received ($ millions) 9.9 .. .. ..

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. 70.2
Capable states
Revised Combined Polity Score 4.0 -1.0 9.0 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 17.9 9.3 12.4 4.0

Congo, Democratic Republic of Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 9.3 4.3 13.1 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -6.6 -6.9 7.2 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 210 87 106 653
Consumer Price Index (% change) 81.3 513.9 .. ..
Current account balance (% of GDP) .. .. .. -1.5
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) -6.5 -4.2 3.8 ..
Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. 5.1 19.0 ..
Drivers of growth
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. 37.7 ..
Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 2.1 .. .. ..
Business connection charge (US$) .. .. .. 46.5
Real interest rate (%) .. .. 28.2 ..
Real effective exchange rate (2000=100) 189.9 366.3 1,025.3 106.1

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 79.3 ..
Children sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (% under age 5) .. .. 35.7 ..
Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. .. 37.0 45.7
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 9.6 4.1 27.0 4.0
Net ODA aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 632.7 102.7 2,386.7 23,911.6
Net ODA aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 185.9 74.3 1,146.8 16,376.2
Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) 57.4 14.4 196.3 ..

Congo, Republic of Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 2.8 3.2 12.0 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 1.0 7.6 8.8 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,170 1,027 1,253 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) -9.0 20.1 .. -1.5
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. 1.9 .. ..
Drivers of growth
Business connection charge (US$) 128.6 .. 168.0 46.5
Real interest rate (%) 19.7 -17.0 .. ..
Non-cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 601.6 4,706.5 0.0 ..
Workers remittances received ($ millions) .. 1.4 .. ..
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) .. 10.4 .. 20,501.5

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 7.8 1.0 10.9 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) .. 0.1 0.9 247.7
Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 5.0 .. ..

Côte d’Ivoire Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 10.8 10.4 22.9 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -1.1 -3.7 2.4 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 663 628 588 653
Consumer Price Index (% change) -0.8 2.5 1.7 ..
Drivers of growth

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 41.5 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 6.4 3.4 3.7 4.0

Djibouti Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) .. 750 .. 1,202
GDP ($ billions) 0.5 0.6 .. 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) .. 0.4 .. 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,174 753 .. 653
GDP per capita growth (%) .. -2.4 .. 2.4
GDP deflator, index (2000=100; $ series) 68.5 100.0 .. 202.9
Current account balance (% of GDP) .. -3.4 .. -1.5
Total external debt (% of GDP) 34.3 46.8 .. ..
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) -10.4 -6.5 .. 16.8
Real interest rate (%) .. .. .. ..
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 45.4 32.1 .. 64.1
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 3.3 36.5 ..
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) .. 12.3 32.6 20,501.5

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Capable states
Political stability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -0.3 0.3 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 45.8 13.1 .. 4.0

Egypt, Arab Republic of
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 43.1 99.8 218.9 586.8

GDP growth (%) 5.7 5.4 5.2 4.2
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,154 1,476 1,976 2,313
Current account balance (% of GDP) 5.4 -1.0 -2.1 0.3
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) -2.0 .. -7.7 ..
Drivers of growth
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.9 18.9 18.6 ..
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 9.1 12.2 ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 1,507,782.6 27,807.5 2,766.1 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 722.0 1,184.0 5,210.1 8,347.7
Workers remittances received ($ millions) 4,283.5 2,852.0 12,453.1 20,673.0
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 4,283.5 2,852.0 12,453.1 23,016.0

Lower middle income
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
46.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) .. 16.7 22.0 ..
Gini index .. 32.8 30.8 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 0.8 2.1 2.8 2.1
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people) .. .. 0.0 3.0
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 94.3 101.0 ..
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. .. 43.9 39.4
Capable states
Rule of law (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.0 -0.1 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid ($ millions) 6,064.5 1,370.6 592.4 2,729.9
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 14.1 1.4 0.3 0.5
Net ODA aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 3,163.1 1,139.6 366.0 1,579.3
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2,825.1 96.8 78.9 100.2
Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) 40.7 .. 1.0 ..

Equatorial Guinea Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 0.1 1.3 14.5 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 3.3 13.5 -0.8 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 555 2,410 8,537 653
GDP per capita growth (%) 0.1 9.9 -3.5 2.4
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) -37.4 13.2 .. -2.7
Total external debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. ..
Drivers of growth
Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 107.6 86.6 ..
Real interest rate (%) 21.5 -16.8 .. ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. .. .. 1,335.7
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 11.1 .. .. ..

High income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. 43.4 27.2 45.7
Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) .. 66.0 .. 82.7
Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) .. 42.0 .. 48.6
Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) .. 92.0 .. 42.4
Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) .. 87.0 .. 23.4
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 45.6 1.7 0.6 4.0

Eritrea Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) .. 170 340 1,202
GDP ($ billions) .. 0.6 2.1 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) .. -13.1 2.2 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 173 147 653
GDP per capita growth (%) .. -16.1 -0.8 2.4
GDP deflator, index (2000=100; $ series) .. 100.0 274.5 202.9
Consumer Price Index (% change) .. .. .. ..
Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. 15.1 .. 11.2
Industry value added (% of GDP) .. 23.0 .. 30.4
Services plus discrepancy value added (% of GDP) .. 61.9 .. 58.4
Current account balance (% of GDP) .. -16.5 .. -1.5
Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. 33.5 .. ..
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) .. -66.6 .. -2.7
Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 47.3 47.7 ..
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. -42.9 .. 16.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 23.8 .. 20.4
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 5.0 .. 12.8
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 25.0 31.9 ..
Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 1.0 2.0 ..
Time required in dealing with construction permits .. .. .. 210.6
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 0.0 213,732.1 0.0 ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 377.2 535.8 1,335.7
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 15.1 .. 31.2
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 81.8 .. 33.9

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Child immunization, measles (% of ages 12-23 months) .. 76.0 99.0 75.5
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 36.2 39.8 70.2
Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 62.0 70.0 .. 82.7
Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) 39.0 50.0 .. 48.6
Improved sanitation (% of urban population with sustainable access) 58.0 54.0 .. 42.4
Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 people) .. 0.8 4.6 46.4
Capable states
Control of corruption (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.6 -0.5 —
Revised Combined Polity Score .. -6.0 -7.0 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) .. 27.9 7.6 4.0
Net ODA aid from DAC donors ($ millions) .. 112.0 33.8 23,911.6
Net ODA aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) .. 54.7 104.5 16,376.2

Ethiopia Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 12.1 8.2 29.7 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 2.7 6.1 9.9 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 129 125 221 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) -2.4 0.2 -1.4 -1.5
Drivers of growth
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 737,431.6 1,439,181.3 1,364,006.2 ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,116.3 1,674.2 1,335.7
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. .. 288.3 ..

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. 30.0 30.0 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) .. 0.0 .. ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid ($ millions) 1,009.2 687.2 3,525.2 44,588.7
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 8.4 8.4 11.9 4.0

Gabon Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 6.0 5.1 13.2 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 5.2 -1.9 6.6 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 4,627 4,103 4,214 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.8 19.8 .. -1.5
Drivers of growth
Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. 135.5 .. ..
Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 0.0 969.0 0.0 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 44.7 -68.0 .. ..

Upper middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. 46.6 .. 45.7
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. 12.8 .. ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 2.2 0.2 0.8 4.0
Net ODA aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 126.9 -11.6 83.8 23,911.6

Gambia, The Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 0.3 0.8 1.1 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 3.6 5.5 6.1 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 589 606 704 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) 7.6 .. 5.0 -1.5
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) 2.1 .. .. ..
Drivers of growth
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.9 .. 11.2 12.8

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 44.1 54.7 56.7 ..
Capable states
Revised Combined Polity Score 8.0 -5.0 -5.0 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 30.7 6.3 11.4 4.0

Ghana Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 5.9 5.0 32.2 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 3.3 3.7 8.0 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 221 260 360 653
Drivers of growth
Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure) 24.3 .. 24.4 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 14.8 165.9 2,527.4 ..

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 71.1 .. 70.2
Capable states
Control of corruption (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -0.1 0.1 —
Voice and accountability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -0.1 0.5 —
Regulatory quality (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -0.1 0.1 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 9.5 12.0 5.3 4.0

Guinea Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 2.7 3.1 4.7 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 4.3 1.9 1.9 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 363 373 550 653
GDP per capita growth (%) -0.3 0.4 -0.3 2.4
Drivers of growth
Fixed broadband internet connection charge (US$) .. .. 2,371.7 61.2
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) .. 3.8 .. 64.1

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 10.9 4.9 4.6 4.0

Guinea-Bissau Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 0.2 0.2 0.8 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 6.1 7.5 3.5 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 183 174 161 653
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 2.8 -8.5 .. 16.8
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 1.0 .. 48.9 20,501.5

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate (per 100,000 live births) 910.0 .. .. ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 51.8 37.6 16.7 4.0

Kenya Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 8.6 12.7 32.2 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 4.2 0.6 5.6 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 450 406 469 653
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. 2.0 -5.9 ..
Drivers of growth
Non-cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 851.0 54,084.8 1,477.7 ..

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid ($ millions) 1,181.3 512.7 1,628.6 44,588.7
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 13.8 4.0 5.1 4.0
Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 24.1 22.6 ..

Lesotho Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 0.5 0.7 2.2 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 6.5 5.7 5.6 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 308 380 496 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) 12.0 -9.6 -19.3 -1.5
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) -49.1 -25.0 -42.1 16.8
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,036.9 718.3 908.9 1,335.7

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. .. 1,200.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 25.7 4.9 11.8 4.0

Liberia Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
Population growth (%) -1.5 4.9 4.0 2.5
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) .. 190 210 1,202
GDP ($ billions) 0.4 0.5 1.0 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -51.0 25.7 10.3 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 192 186 261 653
Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. .. 11.2
Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. .. 30.4
Services plus discrepancy value added (% of GDP) .. .. .. 58.4
Current account balance (% of GDP) .. .. -42.0 -1.5
Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. .. .. ..
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) .. -0.7 -84.4 -2.7
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. 6.8 -49.9 16.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 7.5 34.5 20.4
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 26.1 25.0 31.2
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 26.9 109.5 33.9
Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. 100.0 30.3 ..

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 29.6 12.7 143.7 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 2.3 .. 2.2 247.7

Libya
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) .. .. .. 3,533
GDP ($ billions) 28.9 33.9 .. 586.8

GDP growth (%) .. 3.7 .. 4.2
GDP per capita (2000 $) .. 6,480 .. 2,313
GDP per capita growth (%) .. 1.8 .. 2.7
GDP deflator, index (2000=100; $ series) .. 100.0 .. 152.5
Current account balance (% of GDP) 7.6 18.5 .. 0.3
Central government revenue (% of GDP) .. .. .. 24.1
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) 8.6 20.1 .. -2.3
Drivers of growth
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 13.1 .. ..
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Number of start-up procedures to register a business .. .. .. 9
Time to start a business (days per procedure) .. .. .. 18
Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. .. .. 41.5
Time required to register property (days) .. .. .. 55
Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. .. .. 788
Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0= less disclosure to 10=more) .. .. .. 6
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. .. 270
Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. .. 53.4
Real interest rate (%) .. -9.6 .. ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) .. .. .. ..
Non-cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) .. .. .. ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 53.7 43.0 -938.0 8,347.7
Workers remittances received ($ millions) .. 6.0 .. 20,673.0

Upper middle income
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
46.3
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 1.1 .. 1.9 2.1
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Student-teacher ratio, primary school .. .. .. 25.6
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school .. .. .. ..
Improved water source (% of urban population with sustainable access) 54.0 54.0 .. 95.3
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. .. .. 39.4
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 .. 0.5
Net ODA aid from DAC donors ($ millions) 7.7 .. 17.4 1,579.3
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) .. .. 1.1 100.2
Net ODA aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) 0.7 .. -9.9 794.9

Madagascar Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 3.1 3.9 8.7 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 3.1 4.8 1.6 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 289 252 243 653
GDP per capita growth (%) 0.1 1.5 -1.3 2.4
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. -2.0 .. ..
Drivers of growth
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 7.9 11.3 .. 20,501.5

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 44.1 ..
Capable states
Voice and accountability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.1 -0.8 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 12.9 8.3 5.4 4.0

Malawi Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 1.9 1.7 5.1 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 5.7 1.6 6.5 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 133 155 185 653
Drivers of growth
Non-cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 36,476.1 306.6 2,653.0 ..

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. 1,100.0 1,100.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 26.6 25.6 20.2 4.0

Mali Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 2.4 2.4 9.4 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -1.9 3.2 5.8 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 188 214 273 653
Drivers of growth

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 33.0 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 0.1 0.0 0.0 ..
Capable states
Voice and accountability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -0.1 0.2 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 19.8 11.9 11.6 4.0

Mauritania Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 1.0 1.3 3.6 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -1.8 -0.4 5.2 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 487 490 609 653
Drivers of growth
Real interest rate (%) 7.2 19.1 -2.0 ..
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) 36.2 .. 27.9 64.1
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 6.7 .. .. ..

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 56.5 46.3 42.0 ..
Gini index .. 39.0 40.5 ..
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 54.8 .. 23.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 23.2 17.3 10.4 4.0

Mauritius Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 2.7 4.6 9.7 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 7.2 9.0 4.1 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 2,575 3,861 5,181 653
Drivers of growth

Upper middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 91.1 .. .. ..
Adult literacy, total (% of ages 15 and over) 79.9 84.3 87.9 ..
Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15-24) 91.2 94.5 96.5 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 3.3 0.4 1.3 4.0

Morocco
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 25.8 37.0 90.8 586.8

GDP growth (%) 4.0 1.6 3.7 4.2
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,172 1,272 1,844 2,313
Current account balance (% of GDP) -0.8 -1.3 -4.3 0.3
Drivers of growth
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 21.3 24.9 ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 199,204.9239,934.7 0.0 ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,120.0 366.6 1,548.4 2,772.2
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 165.1 368.0 660.6 8,347.7
Workers remittances received ($ millions) 2,006.3 2,161.0 6,422.5 20,673.0
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 2,006.3 2,161.0 6,422.5 23,016.0

Lower middle income
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
46.3
Physicians (per 1,000 people) .. .. 0.6 2.1
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 51.4 57.4 84.7 ..
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. 24.9 39.4 39.4
Capable states
Government effectiveness (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.0 -0.2 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid ($ millions) 1,241.1 434.4 992.5 2,729.9
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 4.8 1.2 1.1 0.5

Mozambique Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 2.5 4.2 9.2 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 1.0 1.1 6.8 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 184 233 384 653
Central government revenue (% of GDP) 12,768.9 11,480.3 18,057.1 ..
Drivers of growth

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 45.7 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 0.0 0.0 0.0 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 40.5 21.3 21.2 4.0

Namibia Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 2.4 3.9 11.1 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 2.5 3.5 6.6 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,831 2,062 2,696 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) 1.2 4.9 0.3 -1.5
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) -15.5 -3.7 1.2 -2.7
Drivers of growth
Real interest rate (%) .. -9.0 8.6 ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 8,080.0 1,491.8 842.4 ..

Upper middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. 19.3 .. ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 5.1 3.9 2.3 4.0

Niger Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 2.5 1.8 5.4 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -1.3 -1.4 8.0 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 193 165 179 653
Consumer Price Index (% change) -0.8 2.9 0.8 ..
Drivers of growth

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 34.6 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 15.6 11.6 13.8 4.0

Nigeria Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 28.5 46.0 196.8 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 8.2 5.4 7.8 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 359 372 540 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) 17.5 16.2 1.3 -1.5
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. .. .. 16.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. 20.4
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. 12.8
Business connection charge (US$) 105.7 .. .. 46.5
Real interest rate (%) 16.9 -12.2 7.6 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 587.9 1,140.1 5,133.3 ..
Workers remittances received ($ millions) 10.0 1,391.8 19,650.7 ..
Migrant remittance inflows ($ millions) 10.0 1,391.8 10,045.0 20,501.5

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 48.8 ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 30.8 .. 38.9 ..
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 50.5 .. 41.0 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) .. 0.3 0.4 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 0.9 0.4 1.0 4.0

Rwanda Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
Population growth (%) -0.2 6.6 3.0 2.5
GDP ($ billions) 2.6 1.7 5.6 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -2.4 8.1 7.2 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 235 214 337 653
Drivers of growth
Real interest rate (%) -0.3 20.6 13.8 ..

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. 51.5 51.5 ..
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. 1,100.0 1,100.0 ..
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. 1.1 0.3 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 11.1 18.5 18.4 4.0
PDI-1 Country with operational national development strategies (A-F) .. .. A ..

São Tomé and Príncipe Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) .. .. 1,250 1,202
GDP ($ billions) .. .. 0.2 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) .. .. 4.5 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) .. .. .. 653
GDP per capita growth (%) .. .. 2.7 2.4
GDP deflator, index (2000=100; $ series) .. .. .. 202.9
Current account balance (% of GDP) .. .. -53.4 -1.5
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. .. -2.7
Total external debt (% of GDP) .. .. 84.6 ..
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) .. .. .. 16.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. 20.4
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. 50.9 ..
Gross tertiary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. 4.5 ..
Real interest rate (%) .. .. 15.3 ..
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 38.8 64.1
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. .. 31.2
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. .. 33.9
Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. .. ..

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Capable states
Revised Combined Polity Score .. .. .. —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) .. .. 24.5 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) .. .. .. 247.7

Senegal Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 5.7 4.7 12.9 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -0.7 3.2 4.1 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 478 494 562 653
Drivers of growth

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Capable states
Voice and accountability (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.2 -0.3 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 14.2 9.2 7.2 4.0

Seychelles Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
Population growth (%) 0.9 0.9 -0.9 2.5
GDP ($ billions) 0.4 0.6 1.0 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 7.0 4.3 6.7 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 5,645 7,579 8,788 653
Consumer Price Index (% change) 3.9 6.3 -2.4 ..
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. -13.9 1.5 ..
Drivers of growth
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) .. .. .. 1,335.7

Upper middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) .. .. .. 84.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. 73.0 54.2
Gini index .. 42.7 42.7 ..
Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15-64) .. .. .. 70.5
Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) .. .. .. 76.7
Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) .. .. .. 64.3
Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15-24) .. .. .. 52.9
Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-24) .. .. .. 55.4
Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-24) .. .. .. 50.4
Improved water source (% of rural population with sustainable access) .. .. .. 48.6
Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) .. .. .. 23.4
Capable states
Revised Combined Polity Score .. .. .. —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 9.6 3.8 5.8 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) -0.2 11.6 17.1 247.7
Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) .. 8.7 18.9 ..

Sierra Leone Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 0.6 0.6 1.9 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 3.4 3.8 5.0 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 255 153 268 653
Drivers of growth

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 81.6 .. .. ..
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate (per 100,000 live births) .. 1,800.0 860.0 ..
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5) 40.9 38.4 37.4 ..
Student-teacher ratio, primary school 36.0 .. .. 45.7
Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.1 .. 11.3
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 9.1 28.4 24.4 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) 0.1 .. 0.9 247.7

Somalia Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GNI per capita, Atlas method ($) 150 .. .. 1,202
GDP ($ billions) 0.9 .. .. 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -1.5 .. .. 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) .. .. .. 653
GDP per capita growth (%) -1.9 .. .. 2.4
GDP deflator, index (2000=100; $ series) .. .. .. 202.9
Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 65.5 .. .. 11.2
Current account balance (% of GDP) .. .. .. -1.5
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) -28.0 .. .. -2.7
Total external debt (% of GDP) 258.5 .. .. ..
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) -12.5 .. .. 16.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.9 .. .. 20.4
Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Number of start-up procedures to register a business .. .. .. 8
Time to start a business (days per procedure) .. .. .. 37
Cost to start a business (% of GNI per capita) .. .. .. 81.2
Time required to register property (days) .. .. .. 65
Time required to enforce a contract (days) .. .. .. 655
Protecting investors, disclosure Index (0= less disclosure to 10=more) .. .. .. 5
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours) .. .. .. 318
Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. .. 57.1
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) .. .. .. 64.1
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.8 .. .. 31.2
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.7 .. .. 33.9
Terms of trade index (2000=100) .. .. .. ..

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 56.1 .. .. 4.0

South Africa Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 112.0 132.9 363.5 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -0.3 4.2 2.9 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 3,152 3,020 3,753 653
Total external debt (% of GDP) .. 18.7 12.4 ..
Drivers of growth
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) -103.7 691.7 1,385.6 ..

Upper middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. 57.8 63.1 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid ($ millions) .. 486.4 1,030.5 44,588.7
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) .. 0.4 0.3 4.0
Net ODA aid per capita from all donors ($) .. 11.1 20.6 52.8
Net ODA aid from DAC donors ($ millions) .. 355.5 821.6 23,911.6
Net ODA aid from multilateral donors ($ millions) .. 130.8 207.2 16,376.2

Sudan Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 12.4 12.4 67.0 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -5.5 8.4 4.5 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 267 362 524 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) -3.0 -4.2 0.2 -1.5
Drivers of growth
Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure) 4.5 .. .. ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) .. 392.2 2,063.7 ..
Workers remittances received ($ millions) 61.9 638.2 1,290.9 ..

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 35.3 ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 69.4 .. .. ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) .. 0.2 0.3 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 6.8 1.8 3.1 4.0

Swaziland Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 1.1 1.5 3.7 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 21.0 1.8 2.0 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,320 1,508 1,811 653
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 5.3 4.4 -2.3 16.8
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 6,481.6 0.0 16,815.6 ..

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 51.5 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 4.8 0.9 2.5 4.0

Tanzania Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 4.3 10.2 22.9 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 7.0 4.9 7.0 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 305 308 459 653
Drivers of growth

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. 34.6 34.6 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid ($ millions) 1,163.2 1,063.9 2,958.2 44,588.7
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 27.3 10.4 12.9 4.0
PDI-1 Country with operational national development strategies (A-F) .. .. A ..

Togo Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 1.6 1.3 3.2 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -0.2 -0.8 3.7 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 284 270 265 653
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) .. .. 0.6 ..
Drivers of growth

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 15.9 5.4 13.2 4.0
Net ODA aid from non-DAC bilateral donors ($ millions) -0.6 1.4 0.8 247.7

Tunisia
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 12.3 21.5 44.2 586.8

GDP growth (%) 7.9 4.3 3.0 4.2
GDP per capita (2000 $) 1,661 2,245 3,144 2,313
Current account balance (% of GDP) -3.8 -3.8 -4.8 0.3
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit, % of GDP) -3.2 -2.4 -1.3 ..
Drivers of growth
Private sector fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 21.1 .. ..
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 371,830.3 3,785.1 0.0 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows ($ millions) 77.4 750.7 1,334.5 8,347.7
Workers remittances received ($ millions) 551.0 796.0 1,724.8 20,673.0

Upper middle income
North
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
46.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 6.7 4.2 4.2 ..
Gini index 40.2 40.8 40.8 ..
Physicians (per 1,000 people) 0.5 .. 1.2 2.1
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 80.3 88.2 .. ..
Improved sanitation (% of rural population with sustainable access) 44.0 57.0 .. 84.4
Households with a fixed line telephone (% of households) .. 29.3 24.1 39.4
Capable states
Regulatory quality (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -0.1 0.0 —
Rule of law (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. -0.1 0.1 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 3.2 1.0 1.2 0.5
Net ODA aid (% of central government expenditure) 10.5 4.1 4.6 ..

Uganda Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 4.3 6.2 17.2 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 6.5 3.1 5.9 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 186 256 380 653
Drivers of growth

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Gini index .. .. 44.3 ..
Capable states
Regulatory quality (-2.5 worse to 2.5 better) .. 0.1 -0.1 —
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 15.4 13.8 10.0 4.0

Zambia Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 3.3 3.2 16.2 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) -0.5 3.6 7.6 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 385 317 432 653
Current account balance (% of GDP) -18.1 -20.5 7.1 -1.5
Drivers of growth
Cereal food aid shipments (tonnes) 890.9 38,418.0 5,923.2 ..

Lower middle income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Adult literacy, total (% of ages 15 and over) 65.0 .. 70.9 ..
Youth literacy, total (% of ages 15-24) 66.4 .. 74.6 ..
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 14.4 24.5 5.6 4.0

Zimbabwe Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
GDP ($ billions) 8.8 6.7 7.5 1,117.5

GDP growth (%) 7.0 -3.1 9.0 5.0
GDP per capita (2000 $) 537 535 321 653
Consumer Price Index (% change) 17.4 55.9 .. ..
Drivers of growth
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 17.5 15.8 -26.8 16.8
Gross primary school enrollment, total (% of relevant age group) 100.9 .. .. ..
Cereal crop yield (kg per hectare) 1,625.4 1,404.5 751.5 1,335.7

Low income
Sub-
Saharan
Country data Africa
1990 2000 2009–10 2009–10
62.7
Primary school completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 93.6 .. .. 70.2
Student-teacher ratio, primary school 35.8 .. .. 45.7
Capable states
Partnership
Net ODA aid (% of GDP) 3.8 2.6 9.8 4.0

Glossary
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who
can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement
about their everyday life. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cul-
tural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents—people younger than

age 15 or older than age 64—to the working-age population—people
ages 15–64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100
working-age population. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources
including census reports, the United Nations Population Division’s World
Population Prospects, national statistical offices, and household surveys
conducted by national agencies and Macro International)
Agriculture value added is the gross output of forestry, hunting, and fish-
ing as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production (International
Standard Industrial Classification revision 3 divisions 1–5) less the value
of their intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for
depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural
resources. For countries that report national accounts data at producer
prices (Angola, Benin, Cape Verde, Comoros, the Republic of Congo, Côte
d’Ivoire, Gabon, Liberia, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles,
and Togo), gross value added at market prices is used as the denominator.
For countries that report national accounts data at basic prices (all other
countries), gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
Value added at basic prices exclude net taxes on products while producer
prices include net taxes on products paid by producers but exclude sales
or value added taxes. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-oper-
ation and Development national accounts data files)
Average time to clear direct exports through customs is the number of

days to clear direct exports through customs. [World Bank, Enterprise Sur-
veys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/)]
Average time to clear imports through customs is the average number of

days to clear imports through customs. [World Bank, Enterprise Surveys
(http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/)]
Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries

attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and
advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period; to
conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. (UNICEF, State
of the World’s Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys by
Macro International)
Business telephone connection charge is the one-time charge involved

in applying for business basic telephone service. Where charges differ by
exchange area, the charge reported is for the largest urban area. (Inter-
national Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Develop-
ment Report and database)

Glossary
Central government revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contri-
butions, and other revenue such as fines, fees, rent, and other income
from property sales as a proportion of total gross domestic product (GDP).
Grants, although also considered revenue, are excluded. (World Bank
and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development national
accounts data files)
Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land,

includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat,
and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for
dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food,
feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates
production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took
place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the
following year. (Food and Agriculture Organization’s Production Yearbook
and data files)
Child immunization, measles, is the percentage of children ages 12–23

months who received vaccinations for measles before 12 months or at any
time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against
measles after receiving one dose of vaccine. [WHO and UNICEF (http://
www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/routine/en/)]
Children sleeping under treated nets are the percentage of the children
under age 5 with access to insecticide-treated bednets to prevent malaria.
(United Nations Children’s Fund’s State of the World’s Children, Childinfo,
and Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International).
Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average con-
sumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or
changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is
generally used. (International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Sta-
tistics database and data files)
Control of corruption measures the extent to which public power is exer-

cised for private gain, including petty and grand forms of corruption, as
well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests. (World Bank
Institute’s Worldwide Governance Indicators database)
Corruption as major constraint is the percentage of firms identifying cor-

ruption as a major constraint to current operations. [World Bank, Enter-
prise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/)]
Corruption Perceptions Index score is the country’s score in Transpar-

ency International’s annual Corruption Perceptions Index, as determined
by expert assessments and opinion surveys. (Transparency International)

Cost to start a business is normalized by presenting it as a percentage
of gross national income (GNI) per capita. [World Bank, Doing Business
project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/)]
Crime, theft, and disorder as major constraint are the percentage of firms
that ranked crime, theft, and disorder as a major constraint to current oper-
ations. [World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/)]
Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods and services,
net income, and net current transfers. All transfers not considered to be
capital are current. (International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Sta-
tistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates)
Deaths of adults and children due to HIV/AIDS are the estimated number
of adults and children that have died based on the modeling of HIV sur-
veillance data using standard and appropriate tools. (Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS and World Health Organization’s Report on the
Global AIDS Epidemic)
Delay for firms in obtaining electrical connection is the average delay

in days that firms experience when obtaining an electrical connection,
measured from the day the establishment applied to the day it received the
service or approval. [World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprise
surveys.org/)]
Delay for firm in obtaining mainline phone connection is the average

actual delay in days that firms experience when obtaining a telephone con-
nection, measured from the day the establishment applied to the day it
received the service or approval. [World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://
www.enterprisesurveys.org/)]
Domestic credit to private sector is financial resources provided to the

private sector, such as loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade
credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repay-
ment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises.
(International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics and data
files, and World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development gross domestic product estimates)
Electric power outages for firms are the average number of days per year
that establishments experienced power outages or surges from the public
grid. [World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/)]
Electricity as major constraint is the percentage of firms that ranked elec-

tricity as a major constraint to current operations. [World Bank, Enterprise
Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/)]

Glossary
Export diversification index measures the extent to which exports are
diversified. It is constructed as the inverse of a Herfindahl index, using
disaggregated exports at four digits (following the SITC revision 3). The
total number of products exported includes only those whose value
exceeds $100,000 or 0.3 percent of the country’s total exports, which-
ever is smaller. The maximum number of three-digit products that could
be exported is 261. Ranging from 0 to 1, the index reveals the extent of
the differences between the structure of trade of the country or country
group and the world average. An index value closer to 1 indicates a bigger
difference from the world average. A higher value indicates more export
diversification. The index is computed by measuring absolute deviation
of the country share from world structure. (Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development)
Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other
market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of
merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees,
and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, infor-
mation, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor
and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer
payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development national accounts data files)
External balance on goods and services (formerly resource balance) is the

difference between exports of goods and services (the value of all goods
and other market services provided to the rest of the world) and imports
of goods and services—formerly nonfactor services (the value of all goods
and other market services received from the rest of the world). (World Bank
and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development national
accounts data files)
Fertilizer consumption measures the quantity of plant nutrients used

per unit of arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and
phosphate fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). Traditional nutri-
ents—animal and plant manures—are not included. For the purpose of
data dissemination, FAO has adopted the concept of a calendar year (Janu-
ary to December). Some countries compile fertilizer data on a calendar
year basis, while others are on a split-year basis. Arable land includes land
defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas
are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land
under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land aban-
doned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Finance as major constraint is the percentage of firms that ranked access

to finance or cost of finance as a major constraint to current operations.
[World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/)]

Firms that believe court system is fair, impartial, and uncorrupt are the per-
centage of firms that believe the court system is fair, impartial, and uncor-
rupt. (World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/))
Fiscal balance (cash surplus or deficit) is revenue (including grants) minus

expense, minus net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. In the 1986 Govern-
ment Finance Statistics Manual nonfinancial assets were included under
revenue and expenditure in gross terms. This cash surplus or deficit is
closest to the earlier overall budget balance (still missing is lending minus
repayments, which are now a financing item under net acquisition of finan-
cial assets). (International Monetary Fund’s Government Finance Statistics
Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development gross domestic product estimates)
Fixed broadband Internet connection charge is the initial, one-time charge

for a new fixed (wired) broadband Internet connection. The tariffs should
represent the cheapest fixed (wired) broadband entry plan. Refundable
deposits should not be counted. Taxes should be included. If not included,
it should be specified in a note including the applicable tax rate. (Inter-
national Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Develop-
ment Report and database)
Food (cereal/non-cereal) aid shipments are transfers of food commodi-

ties (food aid received) from donor to recipient countries on a total-grant
basis or on highly concessional terms. Processed and blended cereals are
converted into their grain equivalent by applying the conversion factors
included in the Rule of Procedures under the 1999 Food Aid Convention to
facilitate comparisons between deliveries of different commodities. Deliv-
eries of food aid refer to quantities of commodities that actually reached
the recipient country during a given period. For cereals the period refers
to July–June, beginning in the year shown. (Data on food aid shipments
are based on data compiled by from the Food and Agriculture Organization
based on information from the World Food Programme)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows, are the net inflows of investment
to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting
stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the
investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other
long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of pay-
ments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disin-
vestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors. (International
Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data
from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official
national sources)

Glossary
Gini index is the most commonly used measure of inequality. The coef ficient
ranges from 0, which reflects complete equality, to 1, which indicates com-
plete inequality (one person has all the income or consumption, all others
have none). Graphically, the Gini coefficient can be represented easily by
the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of equality. (World Bank’s
World Development Indicators database)
Government effectiveness measures the quality of public services, the

quality and degree of independence from political pressures of the civil
service, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the cred-
ibility of the government’s commitment to such policies. (World Bank Insti-
tute’s Worldwide Governance Indicators database)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the sum of gross value added by all
resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any
subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated with-
out making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for deple-
tion and degradation of natural resources. GDP data are shown at market
prices (also known as purchaser prices) and converted from domestic cur-
rencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where
the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to
actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is
used. The sum of the components of GDP by industrial origin (presented
here as value added) will not normally equal total GDP for several rea-
sons. First, components of GDP by expenditure are individually rescaled
and summed to provide a partially rebased series for total GDP. Second,
total GDP is shown at purchaser value, while value added components are
conventionally reported at producer prices. As explained above, purchaser
values exclude net indirect taxes, while producer prices include indirect
taxes. Third, certain items, such as imputed bank charges, are added in
total GDP. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Gross domestic product (GDP) deflator, index, is nominal GDP in current

U.S. dollars divided by real GDP in constant 2000 U.S. dollars, expressed
as an index with base year 2000. The series shows the effects of domestic
price changes and exchange rate variations. (World Bank and Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is calculated by dividing real

GDP at constant 2000 prices by the corresponding midyear population.
(World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data files)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth is the average annual
growth rate of real GDP per capita, calculated using the least squares
method with 2000 exchange rates. (World Bank and Organisation for Eco-
nomic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files)

Gross domestic savings is calculated by deducting total consumption from
nominal gross domestic product (World Bank and Organisation for Eco-
Gross fixed capital formation is gross domestic fixed capital formation

plus net changes in the level of inventories. Gross capital formation
comprises outlays by the public sector and the private sector. Examples
include improvements in land, dwellings, machinery, and other equipment.
For some countries the sum of gross private investment and gross public
investment does not total gross domestic investment due to statistical
discrepancies. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development national accounts data files)
Gross national income (GNI), World Bank Atlas method, (formerly Gross
National Product—GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident produc-
ers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation
of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employ-
ees and property income) from abroad. Data are calculated in national
currency and usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates
for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used
when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally
large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions.
To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special World Bank
Atlas method of conversion is used: it applies a conversion factor that
averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years,
adjusted for the difference between the rate of inflation in the country and
that in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States
(through 2000) or the Euro Zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the
United States (since 2001). (World Bank and Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development national accounts data files)
Gross primary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regard-

less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds
to the primary level of education. Primary education provides children with
basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary
understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science,
social science, art, and music. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Gross secondary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regard-

less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to
the secondary level of education. Secondary education completes the pro-
vision of basic education that began at the primary level and aims at laying
the foundations for lifelong learning and human development by offering
more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
(United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Institute
for Statistics)

Glossary
Gross tertiary school enrollment is the ratio of total enrollment, regard-
less of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds
to the tertiary level of education. Tertiary education, whether or not to an
advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condi-
tion of admission, the successful completion of education at the second-
ary level. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
Institute for Statistics)
HIV prevalence rate is the percentage of people ages 15–49 infected with
HIV. (UNAIDS and the WHO’s Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic)
Households with a fixed line telephone is the percentage of households

possessing a fixed line telephone. (International Telecommunication Union,
World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database)
Import diversification index measures the extent to which imports are

diversified. It is constructed as the inverse of a Herfindahl index, using
disaggregated imports at four digits (following the SITC revision 3). The
total number of products imported includes only those whose value
exceeds $100,000 or 0.3 percent of the country’s total imports, which-
ever is smaller. The maximum number of three-digit products that could
be exported is 261. Ranging from 0 to 1, the index reveals the extent of
the differences between the structure of trade of the country or country
group and the world average. An index value closer to 1 indicates a bigger
difference from the world average. A higher value indicates more import
diversification. The index is computed by measuring absolute deviation
of the country share from world structure. (Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development)
Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other
market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value
of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license
fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial,
information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude
compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor
services) and transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Eco-
Improved sanitation refers to the percentage of the population with at

least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that are private or
shared (but not public) and that can effectively prevent human, animal,
and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but
protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be
effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained.
[World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund, Joint Mea-
surement Programme (JMP) (http://www.wssinfo.org/)]

Improved water source refers to the percentage of the population with
reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved
source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, pro-
tected well or spring, or rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include
vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable
access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day
from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling. [World Health Organiza-
tion and United Nations Children’s Fund, Joint Measurement Programme
(JMP) (http://www.wssinfo.org/)]
Industry value added is the gross output of mining, manufacturing, con-

struction, electricity, water, and gas (International Standard Industrial Clas-
sification revision 3 divisions 10–45) less the value of their intermediate
inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabri-
cated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. For coun-
tries that report national accounts data at producer prices (Angola, Benin,
Cape Verde, Comoros, the Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Liberia,
Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, and Togo), gross value
added at market prices is used as the denominator. For countries that
report national accounts data at basic prices (all other countries), gross
value added at factor cost is used as the denominator. Value added at
basic prices exclude net taxes on products while producer prices include
net taxes on products paid by producers but exclude sales or value added
taxes. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Devel-
opment national accounts data files)
Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one
year of age, per 1,000 live births. [Level & Trends in Child Mortality. Report
2011. Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortal-
ity Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA, UNPD)]
International Development Association (IDA) resource allocation index

assesses the quality of a country’s current policy and institutional frame-
work. “Quality” means how conducive that framework is to fostering sus-
tainable, poverty-reducing growth and the effective use of development
assistance. Ratings are based on 16 criteria, grouped in four clusters: eco-
nomic management, structural policies, policies for social inclusion and
equity, and public sector management and institutions. The criteria reflect
a balance between ensuring that all key factors that foster pro-poor growth
and poverty alleviation are captured without overly burdening the evalua-
tion process. Country scores reflect a variety of indicators and judgments
that are based on country knowl edge, analytic work, policy dialogue, or
work done by partners as well as relevant publicly available indicators. The
rating scale for each criterion varies from 1 (low) to 6 (high). Countries may
also receive intermediate scores of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5. The rat-
ings are the main determinant of prospects for current aid effectiveness.
Improvements in policies and institutions during the course of the year
are reflected in the subsequent year’s performance ratings. (World Bank
Country Policy and Institutional Assessment database)

Glossary
Internet users are the number of people with access to the worldwide
net work, per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union, World
Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank
estimates)
Labor force participation rate is the percentage of the population of the

specified age group that is economically active—that is, all people who
supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified
period. (International Labour Organization’s Estimates and Projections of
the Economically Active Population database)
Labor regulations as major constraint are the percentage of firms that

ranked labor regulations as a major constraint to current operations.
Labor skills as major constraint are the percentage of firms that ranked
skills of available workers as a major constraint to current operations.
Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a newborn infant would live
if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to remain the
same throughout its life. [Derived from male and female life expectancy at
birth from sources such as: (1) United Nations Population Division, World
Population Prospects; (2) United Nations Statistical Division, Population and
Vital Statistics Report (various years); (3) Census reports and other statisti-
cal publications from national statistical offices; (4) Eurostat: Demographic
Statistics; (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demog-
raphy Programme; and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database]
Malnutrition prevalence, height for age, is the percentage of children

under age 5 whose height for age is more than two standard deviations
below the median for the international reference population ages 0–59
months. For children up to age 2 height is measured by recumbent length.
For older children height is measured by stature while standing. The data
are based on the WHO’s new child growth standards released in 2006.
(World Health Organization’s Global Database on Child Growth and
Malnutrition)
Maternal mortality ratio, national estimate, is the number of women who

die from pregnancy-related causes during pregnancy and childbirth, per
100,000 live births. (UNICEF, State of the World’s Children, Childinfo, and
Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International)

Migrant remittance inflows are the sum of workers’ remittances, compen-
sation of employees, and migrants’ transfers, as recorded in the Interna-
tional Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments. (World Bank and International
Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook 2008)
Mobile phone subscribers are the number of people with a subscription to

a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provides
access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid
subscriptions are included. (International Telecommunication Union, World
Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank
estimates)
Net official development assistance (ODA) is consists of disbursements

of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and
grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance
Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to
promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories
in the DAC list of ODA recipients. It includes loans with a grant element
of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent).
(Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial
Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and Inter-
national Development Statistics database. Data are available online at:
www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.)
Net official development assistance (ODA) as a share of central govern-

ment expenditure is calculated by dividing nominal total net ODA by cen-
tral government expenditure. (Development Assistance Committee of the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical
Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-
operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data
are available online at: www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline. IMF central
government expense estimates are used for the denominator.)
Net official development assistance (ODA) aid as a share of gross domes-

tic product (GDP) is calculated by dividing nominal total net ODA by nomi-
nal GDP. For a given level of aid flows, devaluation of a recipient’s currency
may inflate the ratios shown. Thus, trends for a given country and com-
parisons across countries that have implemented different exchange rate
policies should be interpreted carefully. (Development Assistance Com-
mittee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,
Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Devel-
opment Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics
database. Data are available online at: www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.
World Bank GDP estimates are used for the denominator.)

Glossary
Net official development assistance (ODA) from Development Assistance
Committee (DAC) donors is net ODA from the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development DAC donors, which include Australia, Aus-
tria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ire-
land, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and
the United States. (Development Assistance Committee of the Organisa-
tion for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribu-
tion of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation
Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are avail-
able online at: www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.)
Net official development assistance (ODA) from multilateral donors is

net ODA from multilateral sources, African Development Bank (AfDB), Afri-
can Development Fund (AFDF), Arab Bank for Economic Development in
Africa (BADEA), Arab Fund, Asian Development Bank (AsDB), Caribbean
Development Bank (CarDB), European Bank for Reconstruction and Devel-
opment (EBRD), European Union (EU) Institutions, GAVI Alliance (formerly
the “Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation”), Global Environ-
ment Facility GEF), Global Fund, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
Special Fund, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development
Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International
Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Concessional Trust Funds, Islamic Development Bank, Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Montreal Protocol, Nordic Development
Fund, The OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), Organization
for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), United Nations Children’s
Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Peace Building Fund
(UNPBF), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Relief
and Works Agency (UNRWA), United Nations Transitional Authority (UNTA),
World Food Programme (WFP), and World Health Organization (WHO).

Net official development assistance (ODA) from non–Development
Assistance Committee (DAC) bilateral donors is net ODA from OECD’s
non-DAC donors, which include the Chinese Taipei, Cyprus, Czech Repub-
lic, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Kuwait, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithu-
ania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the Slovak Republic,
Slovenia, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and other donors
(includes data reported from Algeria, Iraq, Libya, and Qatar, 1970–94).
Net official development assistance (ODA) per capita is calculated

by dividing nominal total net ODA by midyear population. It offers some
indication of the importance of aid flows in sustaining per capita income
and consumption levels, although exchange rate fluctuations, the actual
rise of aid flows, and other factors vary across countries and over time.
www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline. World Bank population estimates are
used for the denominator.)
Number of startup procedures to register a business is the number of

pro cedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain
necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifica-
tions, and notifications to start operations. [World Bank, Doing Business
Nurses and midwives are professional nurses, auxiliary nurses, enrolled

nurses, and other nurses, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses,
and professional midwives, auxiliary midwives, and enrolled midwives.
(World Health Organization, Global Atlas of the Health Workforce. For
updates and metadata, see http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/)
PDI-1 Operational national development strategies are the degree to

the extent to which a country has an operational development strategy to
guide the aid coordination effort and the country’s overall development.
The score is based on the World Bank’s 2005 Comprehensive Develop-
ment Framework Progress Report. An operational strategy calls for a coher-
ent long-term strategy derived from it; specific targets serving a holistic,
balanced, and well-sequenced development strategy; and capacity and
resources for its implementation. (Overview of the Results 2007 Survey on
Monitoring the Paris Declaration and World Bank data)

Glossary
PDI-12 Existence of a mutual accountability indicates whether there is
a mechanism for mutual review of progress on aid effectiveness commit-
ments. This is an important innovation of the Paris Declaration because it
develops the idea that aid is more effective when both donors and partner
governments are accountable to their constituents for the use of resources
to achieve development results and when they are accountable to each
other. The specific focus is mutual accountability for the implementation
of the partnership commitments included in the Paris Declaration and any
local agreements on enhancing aid effectiveness. (Overview of the Results
2007 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration and World Bank data)
Physicians are the number of physicians, including generalists and specialists,

per 1,000 people. (World Health Organization, Global Atlas of the Health Work-
force. For updates and metadata, see http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/)
Political stability measures the perceptions of the likelihood that the gov-
ernment will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent
means, including domestic violence or terrorism. (World Bank Institute’s
Worldwide Governance Indicators database)
Population is total population based on the de facto definition of popula-

tion, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship,
except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who
are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.
The values shown are midyear estimates. [(1) United Nations Population
Division, World Population Prospects; (2) United Nations Statistical Divi-
sion, Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years); (3) census
reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices;
(4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics; (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Commu-
nity: Statistics and Demography Programme; and (6) U.S. Census Bureau:
International Database]
Population ages 0–24 is the percentage of the total population that is in

the age group 0–24. (World Bank)
Population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of mid-
year population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage. Population
is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all resi-
dents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not
permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered
part of the population of the country of origin. [(1) United Nations Popu-
lation Division, World Population Prospects; (2) United Nations Statistical
Division, Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years); (3) census
reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices;
(4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics; (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Commu-
nity: Statistics and Demography Programme; and (6) U.S. Census Bureau:
International Database)]

Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line is the percentage of the
population living below the national poverty line. National estimates are
based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household sur-
veys. (Global Poverty Working Group. Data are based on World Bank’s
country poverty assessments and country Poverty Reduction Strategies.)
Primary school completion rate is the percentage of students complet-

ing the last year of primary school. It is calculated as the total number of
students in the last grade of primary school minus the number of repeaters
in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official gradua-
tion age. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
Private sector fixed capital formation covers gross outlays by the pri-
vate sector (including private nonprofit agencies) on additions to its fixed
domestic assets. Gross fixed capital formation consists of gross domestic
fixed capital formation plus net changes in the level of inventories, divided
by gross domestic product (GDP), which is obtained by converting national
currency GDP series in current prices to U.S. dollars at official annual
exchange rates. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development national accounts data files)
Protecting investors, disclosure index measures the degree to which

investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and financial infor-
mation. Higher values indicate more disclosure. [World Bank, Doing Busi-
ness project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/)]
Public spending on education consists of current and capital public expen-

diture on education and includes government spending on educational
institutions (both public and private), education administration, as well as
subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates
entities). (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school is the ratio of the
female gross enrollment rate to the male gross enrollment rate in primary
and secondary schools. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cul-
tural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a

measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several
foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs. (Interna-
tional Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics)
Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as mea-
sured by the gross domestic product (GDP) deflator. (International Mon-
etary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files using World Bank
data on the GDP deflator)

Glossary
Regulatory quality measures the ability of the government to formulate
and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote
private sector development. (World Bank Institute’s Worldwide Governance
Indicators database)
Revised Combined polity score is computed by subtracting the institu-

tionalized autocracy score from the institutionalized democracy score. The
institutionalized democracy score is based on the presence of institutions
and procedures through which citizens can express effective preferences
about alternative policies and leaders, the existence of institutionalized
constraints on the exercise of power by the executive, and the guarantee
of civil liberties to all citizens in their daily lives and in acts of political
participation. The institutionalized autocracy score is based on a lack of
regularized political competition and concern for political freedoms, the
sharp restriction or suppression of competitive political participation, and
limited institutional constraints for the executive. The combined polity
scale ranges from –10 (strongly autocratic) to +10 (strongly democratic).
(Center for Systemic Peace’s Polity IV Project, Political Regime Characteris-
tics and Transitions)
Rule of law measures the extent to which agents have confidence in

and abide by the rules of society, in particular the quality of contract
enforcement, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime
and violence. (World Bank Institute’s Worldwide Governance Indicators
database)
Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national

statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total popula-
tion and urban population. (The data on urban population shares used to
estimate rural population come from the United Nations, World Urbaniza-
tion Prospects. Total population figures are World Bank estimates.)
Services plus discrepancy value added is the gross output of all other
branches of economic activity, including wholesale and retail trade
(including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial,
professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and
real estate services (International Standard Industrial Classification revi-
sion 3 divisions 50–99) less the value of their intermediate inputs. Also
included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any sta-
tistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepan-
cies arising from rescaling. It is calculated without making deductions for
depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural
resources. For countries that report national accounts data at producer
prices (Angola, Benin, Cape Verde, Comoros, the Republic of Congo, Côte
d’Ivoire, Gabon, Liberia, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles,
and Togo), gross value added at market prices is used as the denominator.
For countries that report national accounts data at basic prices (all other
countries), gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.

Value added at basic prices exclude net taxes on products while producer
prices include net taxes on products paid by producers but exclude sales
or value added taxes. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development national accounts data files)
Student-teacher ratio, primary school, is the number of pupils enrolled in

primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regard-
less of their teaching assignment). (United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Tax rates as major constraint are the percentage of firms that ranked tax
rates as a major constraint to current operations. [World Bank, Enterprise
Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/)]
Telephone subscribers are subscribers to a fixed-line telephone service,

which connects a customer’s equipment to the public switched telephone
network, or to a public mobile telephone service, which uses cellular tech-
nology. (International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/
ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates)
Terms of trade index measures the relative movement of export and import
prices. This series is calculated as the ratio of a country’s export unit val-
ues or prices to its import unit values or prices shows changes over a base
year (2000) in the level of export unit values as a percentage of import
unit values. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Time required to deal with construction permits is the average wait,

in days, experienced to obtain construction-related permit from the
day the establishment applied for it to the day it was granted. [Data
are from the World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doing
business.org/).]
Time to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the fil-
ing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropriate
cases, payment. [World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doing
business.org/)]
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes is the number of hours it takes to pre-
pare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate
income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including pay-
roll taxes and social security contributions. [World Bank, Doing Business
Time to register property is the number of calendar days needed for busi-
nesses to secure rights to property. [World Bank, Doing Business project
(http://www.doingbusiness.org/)]

Glossary
Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to com-
plete each procedure to legally operate a business. If a procedure can
be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of
cost, is chosen. [World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doing
business.org/)]
Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in foreign cur-

rency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly
guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of International
Monetary Fund credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all
debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears
on long-term debt. (World Bank’s Global Development Finance database)
Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contribu-
tions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions
and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as
personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as
value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.
[World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/)]
Tractors per 100 sq. km of arable land are the number of wheel and crawler
tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the
calendar year or during the first quarter of the following year. Arable land
includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as land under
temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary mead-
ows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and
land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is
excluded. (Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site)
Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die
before reaching age 5, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates,
expressed as a rate per 1,000. (Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro
International, Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys by UNICEF, Reproductive
Health Surveys by U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and Family Health Sur-
veys by Pan Arab Project for Family Health)
Voice and accountability measure the extent to which a country’s citizens

are able to participate in selecting their government and to enjoy freedom
of expression, freedom of association, and a free media. (World Bank Insti-
tute’s Worldwide Governance Indicators database)

Workers’ remittances received are current transfers by migrants who are
employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another
economy in which they are considered residents. Some developing coun-
tries classify workers’ remittances as a factor income receipt (and thus as
a component of GNI). The World Bank adheres to international guidelines in
defining GNI, and its classification of workers’ remittances may therefore
differ from national practices. This item shows receipts by the reporting
country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. (International Monetary Fund, Bal-
ance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files)
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15–24 who can, with
understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their
everyday life. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organi-
zation Institute for Statistics)

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THE LITTLE DATA BOOK

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Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the

Rights and Permissions

Design and layout by EEI Communications, Columbia, MD.

Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, UK.

Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 iii

EEI Communications provided design, editing, and layout.

iv The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 v

< is less than.

$ means current U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.

Data presentation conventions

A billion is 1,000 million.

Growth rates are in real terms, unless otherwise specified.

Data consistency, reliability, and comparability

Data coverage may be incomplete because of circumstances affecting the

vi The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 vii

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 1

GDP ($ billions) 62.0 54.8 162.0 586.8

2 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 3

GDP ($ billions) 10.3 9.1 82.5 1,117.5

4 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 5

GDP ($ billions) 1.8 2.3 6.6 1,117.5

6 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 7

GDP ($ billions) 3.8 5.6 14.9 1,117.5

8 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 9

GDP ($ billions) 3.1 2.6 8.8 1,117.5

10 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 11

GDP ($ billions) 1.1 0.8 2.0 1,117.5

12 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 13

GDP ($ billions) 11.2 10.1 22.5 1,117.5

14 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 15

GDP ($ billions) 0.3 0.5 1.7 1,117.5

16 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 17

GDP ($ billions) 1.5 1.0 2.0 1,117.5

18 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 19

GDP ($ billions) 1.7 1.4 8.5 1,117.5

20 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 21

GDP ($ billions) 0.3 0.2 0.5 1,117.5

22 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 23

GDP ($ billions) 9.3 4.3 13.1 1,117.5

24 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 25

GDP ($ billions) 2.8 3.2 12.0 1,117.5

26 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 27

GDP ($ billions) 10.8 10.4 22.9 1,117.5

28 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13

The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13 29

GDP ($ billions) 0.5 0.6 .. 1,117.5

30 The Little Data Book on Africa 2012/13