S GIO DC V O TO TIN GIANG

THI CHNH THC

K THI CHN HC SINH GII CP TNH Nm hc 2012-2013

Mn: TING ANH

Bng: A

Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi th nht: 23/10/2012 ( thi c15... trang, gm11...bi/cu)
(Th sinh nghe 02 on bng mi on 02 ln. Bt u v kt thc phn nghe u c nhc. Bng c ghi s ln, gim th m cho my chy t u ti cui khng cn tr bng. Gia cc on c khong im lng th sinh lm bi) PART I : LISTENING COMPREHENSION : ( 2 pts. ) Question 1 : Listen to the recording two times and make your best choice for questions from 61 to 70 61. What does the man want to do? A. Visit Indonesia B. Pay his taxes C. Sell computers abroad D. Start a consulting business 62. What does the woman agree to do? A. Go to an earlier show B. See a boxing match C. Call George D. Go by cab 63. What is wrong with the fax machine? A. The print is too light B. The paper inside is jammed C. The supply tray is askew D. The printer is broken 64. What is the problem? A. The man doesnt want to transfer to the other office B. The inventory has not been kept up-to-date C. There are no chairs in stock D. The man cant access the inventory records 65. What kind of rooms are being referred to? A. Offices B. Bathrooms C. Dining rooms D. Bedrooms 66. What is Sonya responsible for? A. Selecting a suitable projector B. Product presentation C. Calling those attending the meeting D. Training the sales staff 67. What is the man asking Maria to do? A. Work faster B. Purchase some office equipment C. Get travel brochures about Hong Kong D. Take down some numbers 68. When will the speakers meet again? A. Monday B. Tuesday C. Thursday D. Friday 69. Where are the speakers? A. At a church ceremony B. In a clothing store C. In an office D. At a dinner 70. What is Ms Carreras job? A. Copy machine mechanic B. Course lecturer C. Printer D. Advertiser

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Question 2 : Listen to the recording two times, then fill in the numbered blanks from 1 to 4 with the missing information from the report. A survey released yesterday by Investors Choice magazine found that despite the (1)..... economy in decades, Europeans are extremely worried about their money, especially since their wages have not been keeping pace with (2).... . Jules Brandsen, Senior Vice President of Munich Publishing, which conducted the survey for the June issue of Investors Choice, said this: Although people are (3)...., about how the economy is doing and how they are doing personally, their optimism is guarded. Why? Rising stress, unhappiness with corporate downsizing, concerns about financial privacy, and a growing feeling that (4)... are not being put to good use. PART II : VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR ( 8 pts.) Question 3: Pick out ONE best option ( A, B, C or D ) to complete each blank : 1/. She was a young woman. She was barely 25 and in the of her life. A/. beauty B/. grown-up C/. mature D/. prime 2/. The balloon stayed for days. It didnt come down! A/. afloat B/. aloft C/. aside D/. away 3/. In 1952 Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, Elizabeth II, to the throne as Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of 7 independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon. A/. held B /. stepped C/. succeeded D/. took 4/. Her second marriage was unhappy. A/. fully B/. highly C/. likewise D/. so-called 5/. For many years Osama Bin Laden was hunted but his was still unknown. A/. whatever B/. wherever C/. whatabouts D/. whereabouts 6/. , we need more staff. A/. If that is the case B/. Unless the case is it C/. In the case as that D/. On the case as such 7/. broke out between police and demonstrators. A/. Attacks B/. Beats C/. Clashes D/. Crashes 8/. It was a(n) story. A/. hair-raising B/. warm-blooded C/. well-built D/. worked-up Question 4 : Pick out ONE option ( A, B, C or D ) which needs to be changed to make a correct sentence: 1/. As specified in Constitution, the 2012 presidential election will coincide with the A B C United States Senate elections where one-third of the Senators will face re-election (33 Class I D seats). 2/. The Silk Road or Silk Route is a modern term referring to a historical network of A B interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connects East, South, and C D Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa. 3/. Work on the Panama Canal, which began in 1881, was completed in 1914, enabling it no A B longer necessary for ships to sail the lengthy Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of C
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South America or to navigate the dangerous waters of the Strait of Magellan. D 4/. The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean. To the south, it is delimited by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid A B tropical savanna that composes the northern region of central and western Sub-Saharan Africa. C Some of the sand dunes can reach 180 metres (590 ft) highly. D 5/. The Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great A B Britain, regarded themselves as independent states, and any longer a part of the British C D Empire. 6/. The etiquette of business is the set of written and unwritten rules of conduct that make A social interactions run more smoothly. Office etiquette in particular applies to coworker B interaction, excluding interactions with internal contacts such as customers and suppliers.. C D 7/. The Spratly Islands are a group of more than 750 reefs, islets, atolls, cays and islands. The A B archipelago lies out of the coasts of the Philippines and Malaysia (Sabah), about one third of C the way from there to southern Vietnam. D 8/. Very simple weapon use has been observed among chimpanzees, leading to speculation that A B early hominids began their first use of weapons as early five million years ago. C D Question 5 : Complete these sentences, using the suitable form of the words in brackets : 1/. The school has a valuable new in Mr Smith. ( ACQUIRE ) 2/. Solving this problem calls for firm action by the union . . . ( LEAD ) 3/. Scientists had maintained that the crop failure was not .. . ( EXPLAIN) 4/. Lowering interest rates could have .. consequences for the economy. (DISASTER) 5/. His complete lack of interest in money .. the family. ( WILD) 6/. ., she comes from New York. (ORIGINATE) 7/. The prime minister was .. by terrorists. ( ASSASSIN ) 8/. They sell a wide range of household .. like washing machines, dishwashers and so on. ( APPLY ) Question 6 : Complete these sentences with proper prepositions or adverbs: 1/. Look! The farmers are pulling .. the weeds in a field. 2/. Helen is a lawyer. She specializes ... company law. 3/. Diane got on her bike and rode ... . 4/. Calm .... . Theres no point in getting angry. 5/. There was a fight in the street and three men ended .... in hospital. 6/. When the children had finished playing with the toys, they put them ... . 7/. The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage ... the other car.
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8/. Clares salary has just gone up from $2000 a month to $2200. So it has increased . .. $200. PART III : READING COMPREHENSION ( 6pts. ) Question 7: Match each of these short passages ( 1- 6 ) with its best headlines ( A H ): Note that there are 2 headlines left out. ( 1.5 pts ) THE 6 SHORT PASSAGES: 1/. Imagine that the behavior is the use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate others. The behavior can be habitual and involve an imbalance of social or physical power. It can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault or coercion and may be directed repeatedly towards particular victims, perhaps on grounds of race, religion, gender, sexuality, or ability. Especially a type of it occurs in connection with education. It can be physical, verbal, or emotional. In schools, this occurs in all areas. It can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, though it more often occurs in PE, recess, hallways, bathrooms, on school buses and waiting for buses, classes that require group work and/or after school activities. This behavior in school sometimes consists of a group of students taking advantage of or isolating one student in particular and gaining the loyalty of bystanders who, in some cases, want to avoid becoming the next victim. The ones who commit this crime taunt and tease their target before physically hurting the target. Targets of this behavior in school are often pupils who are considered strange or different by their peers to begin with, making the situation harder for them to deal with. 2/. It is the physical or emotional mistreatment or neglect of a child or children. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Department for Children And Families (DCF) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. It can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are major categories of it: neglect, physical one, and psychological or emotional one. Different jurisdictions have developed their own definitions of what constitutes this behavior for the purposes of removing a child from his/her family and/or prosecuting a criminal charge. According to a journal, this behavior occurs when there is "any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual exploitation, an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm". 3/. It refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit it. These laws do not consider it as all work by children; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, and others. 4. In recent years, the average age for first arrest has dropped significantly, and younger boys and girls are committing crimes. Between 60-80 percent of adolescents, and pre-adolescents engage in some form of youth offense. These can range from status offenses (such as underage
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smoking), to property crimes and violent crimes. The percent of teens who offend is so high that it would seem to be a cause for worry. However, youth offending can be considered normative adolescent behavior. This is because most teens tend to offend by committing nonviolent crimes, only once or a few times, and only during adolescence. It is when adolescents offend repeatedly or violently that their offending is likely to continue beyond adolescence, and become increasingly violent. It is also likely that if this is the case, they began offending and displaying antisocial behavior even before reaching adolescence. 5. This condition is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. The diagnostic criteria require that symptoms become apparent before a child is three years old. This condition affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood. It is one of three recognized disorders in the ASDs, the other two being Asperger syndrome, which lacks delays in cognitive development and language, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (commonly abbreviated as PDD-NOS), which is diagnosed when the full set of criteria for this condition or Asperger syndrome are not met. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life. The signs usually develop gradually, but some children affected by the condition first develop more normally and then regress. Early behavioral or cognitive intervention can help these children gain self-care, social, and communication skills. Although there is no known cure, there have been reported cases of children who recovered. Not many children with the condition live independently after reaching adulthood, though some become successful. 6. This condition impacts school-aged children and results in restlessness, acting impulsively, and lack of focus which impairs their ability to learn properly. It is the most commonly studied and diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children, affecting about 3 to 5 percent of children globally and diagnosed in about 2 to 16 percent of school-aged children. It is a chronic disorder with 30 to 50 percent of those individuals diagnosed in childhood continuing to have symptoms into adulthood. Adolescents and adults with this condition tend to develop coping mechanisms to compensate for some or all of their impairments. This condition is diagnosed two to four times more frequently in boys than in girls, though studies suggest this discrepancy may be partially due to subjective bias of referring teachers. This and its diagnosis and treatment have been considered controversial since the 1970s. The controversies have involved clinicians, teachers, policymakers, parents and the media. Topics include this condition's causes, and the use of stimulant medications in its treatment. Most healthcare providers accept that this condition is a genuine disorder with debate in the scientific community centering mainly around how it is diagnosed and treated. The American Medical Association concluded in 1998 that the diagnostic criteria for this condition are based on extensive research and, if applied appropriately, lead to the diagnosis with high reliability. BEST HEADLINES : A. B. C. D. E. Autism Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Child labor Child Abuse Terrorism

F. School Bullying
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G. Juvenile Delinquency H. School Violence

Question 8 : Fill in each of the numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the meaning of the passage : ( 2 pts ) The future is the indefinite time period after the present. Its arrival is considered inevitable due to the existence of time and the laws of physics. Due to the nature of reality and the unavoidability of the (1-) , everything that currently exists and will exist can be categorized as either permanent, meaning that it will exist for the whole of the future or temporary, meaning that it won't and thus will come to an end. The future and the concept of eternity have been major subjects of philosophy, religion, and science and defining them noncontroversially has consistently eluded the greatest of minds. It is the opposite of the past. In the Occidental view, which uses a linear conception of time, the future is the portion of the projected time line that is anticipated to occur. In physics, time is considered to be the fourth dimension of the universe. In the philosophy of time, presentism is the belief that only the present exists and the future and the past are unreal. Religions consider the future when they address issues such as karma, life after death, and eschatologies that study what the end of time and the end of the world will be. Religious figures such as prophets and diviners have claimed to see into the future. Future studies, or futurology, is the science, art and practice of postulating possible futures. Modern practitioners stress the importance of alternative and plural futures, rather than one monolithic future, and the limitations of prediction and probability, versus the creation of possible and preferable futures. In art and culture, the future was explored in several art movements and genres. The futurism art movement at the beginning of the 20th century, (2-) every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, poetry, theatre, music, architecture and even gastronomy. Futurists had passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. Instead, they espoused a love of speed, technology, and violence. Futuristic music involved homage to, inclusion of, or imitation of machines. Futurism expanded to encompass other artistic domains and ultimately included industrial design, textiles, and architecture.

Forecasting
Organized efforts to predict or forecast the future may have derived from (3-) by early humans of heavenly objects, which changed position in predictable patterns. The practice of astrology, today considered pseudoscience, evolved from the human desire to forecast the future. Much of physical science can be read as an attempt to make quantitative and objective predictions about events. Forecasting is the process of estimation in unknown situations. Due to the element of the unknown, risk and uncertainty are central to forecasting and prediction.
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Prediction is a similar, but more general term. Both can refer to estimation of time series, cross-sectional or longitudinal (4-) . . Econometric forecasting methods use the assumption that it is possible to identify the underlying factors that might influence the variable that is being forecast. If the causes are understood, projections of the influencing variables can be made and used in the forecast. Judgmental forecasting methods incorporate intuitive judgments, opinions and probability estimates, as in the case of the Delphi method, scenario building, and simulations. Forecasting is applied in many areas, including weather forecasting, earthquake prediction, transport planning, and labour market planning. Despite the development of cognitive instruments for the comprehension of future, the stochastic nature of many natural and social processes has (5-) precise forecasting of the future elusive. Modern efforts such as future studies attempt to predict social trends, while more ancient practices, such as weather forecasting, have benefited from scientific and causal modelling.

Future studies
Future studies or futurology is the science, art and practice of postulating possible, probable, and preferable futures and the worldviews and myths that underlie them. Futures studies seeks to understand what is likely to continue, what is likely to change, and what is novel. Part of the discipline thus seeks a systematic and pattern-based (6-) of past and present, and to determine the likelihood of future events and trends. A key part of this process is understanding the potential future impact of decisions made by individuals, organisations and governments. Leaders use results of such work to assist in decision-making. Futures is an interdisciplinary field, studying yesterday's and today's changes, and aggregating and analyzing both lay and professional strategies, and opinions with respect to tomorrow. It includes analyzing the sources, patterns, and causes of change and stability in the attempt to develop foresight and to map possible futures. Modern practitioners stress the importance of alternative and plural futures, rather than one monolithic future, and the limitations of prediction and probability, (7-) the creation of possible and preferable futures. Three factors usually distinguish futures studies from the research conducted by other disciplines (although all disciplines overlap, to differing degrees). First, futures studies often examines not only possible but also probable, preferable, and "wild card" futures. Second, futures studies typically attempts to gain a holistic or systemic view based on insights from a range of different disciplines. Third, futures studies challenges and unpacks the assumptions behind dominant and contending views of the future. The future thus is not empty but fraught with hidden assumptions. Futures studies does not generally include the work of economists who forecast movements of interest rates over the next business cycle, or of managers or investors with short-term time horizons. Most strategic planning, which develops operational plans for preferred futures with time horizons of one to three years, is also not considered futures. But plans and strategies with longer time horizons that specifically attempt to anticipate and be
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robust to possible future events, are (8-) of a major subdiscipline of futures studies called strategic foresight. The futures field also excludes those who make future predictions through professed supernatural means. At the same time, it does (9-) to understand the models such groups use and the interpretations they give to these models.

Psychology
While ethologists consider animal behavior to be largely based on fixed action patterns or other learned traits in an animal's past, human behavior is known to encompass an anticipation of the future. Anticipatory behavior can be the result of a psychological outlook toward the future, for examples optimism, pessimism, and hope. Optimism is an outlook on life such that one maintains a view of the (10-) . as a positive place. People would say that optimism is seeing the glass "half full" of water as opposed to half empty. It is the philosophical opposite of pessimism. Optimists generally believe that people and events are inherently good, so that most situations work out in the end for the best. Hope is a belief in a positive outcome related to events and circumstances in one's life. Hope implies a certain amount of despair, wanting, wishing, suffering or perseverance i.e., believing that a better or positive outcome is possible even when there is some (11-) to the contrary. "Hopefulness" is somewhat different from optimism in (12-) . hope is an emotional state, whereas optimism is a conclusion reached through a deliberate thought pattern that leads to a positive attitude.

Religion
Religions consider the future when they address issues such as karma, life after death, and eschatologies that study what the end of time and the end of the world will be. In religion, major prophets are said to have the power to change the future. Common religious figures have claimed to see into the future, such as minor prophets and diviners. The (13-) . "afterlife" refers to the continuation of existence of the soul, spirit or mind of a human (or animal) after physical death, typically in a spiritual or ghostlike afterworld. Deceased persons are usually believed to go to a specific region or plane of existence in this afterworld, often depending on the (14-) of their actions during life. Some believe the afterlife includes some form of preparation for the soul to be transferred to another body (reincarnation). The major views on the afterlife derive from religion, esotericism and metaphysics. There are those who are skeptical of the existence of the afterlife, or believe that it is absolutely impossible, such as the materialist-reductionists, who believe that the topic is supernatural, therefore does not really exist or is unknowable. In metaphysical models, theists generally believe some sort of afterlife awaits people when they die. Atheists generally do not believe in a life after death. Members of some generally nontheistic religions such as Buddhism, tend to believe in an afterlife like reincarnation but without reference to God.
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Agnostics generally hold the position that like the existence of God, the existence of supernatural phenomena, such as souls or life after death, is unverifiable and therefore unknowable. Many religions, whether they believe in the souls existence in another world like Christianity, Islam and many pagan belief systems, or in reincarnation like many forms of Hinduism and Buddhism, believe that ones status in the afterlife is a reward or punishment for their (15-) during life, with the exception of Calvinistic variants of Protestant Christianity, which believes one's status in the afterlife is a gift from God and cannot be earned during life. (16-) , is a part of theology and philosophy concerned with the final events in the history of the world, or the ultimate destiny of humanity, commonly referred to as the end of the world. While in mysticism the phrase refers metaphorically to the end of ordinary reality and reunion with the Divine, in many traditional religions it is taught as an actual future event prophesied in sacred texts or folklore. More broadly, eschatology may encompass related concepts such as the Messiah or Messianic Age, the end time, and the end of days.

Science fiction
Science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein defines science fiction as: More generally, science fiction is a broad genre of fiction that often involves speculations based on current or future science or technology. Science fiction is found in books, art, television, films, games, theater, and other media. Science fiction differs from fantasy in that, within the context of the story, its imaginary elements are largely possible within scientifically established or scientifically postulated laws of (17-) (though some elements in a story might still be pure imaginative speculation). Settings may include the future, or alternative time lines, and stories may depict new or speculative scientific principles, such as time travel, or new technology, such as nanotechnology, faster-than-light travel or robots. Exploring the consequences of such differences is the traditional (18-) of science fiction, making it a "literature of ideas". Some science fiction authors construct a postulated history of the future called a "future history" which serves as a common background for their fiction. Sometimes the author publishes a timeline of events in their history, (19-) other times the reader can reconstruct the order of the stories from information provided therein. Some works were published which constituted "future history" in a more literal sense - i.e., stories or whole books purporting to be excerpts of a history book from the future and which are written in the form of a history book - i.e., having no personal protagonists but rather describing the development of nations and societies over decades and centuries. Examples (20-) H.G. Wells' The Shape of Things to Come (1933), which was written in the form of a history book published in the year 2106 and - in the manner of a real history book - containing numerous footnotes and references to the works of (mostly fictitious) prominent historians of the 20th and 21st centuries.
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Question 9 : Read the passage carefully, then choose the best answer to each question ( 1-10) :
( 2.5 pts )

Education in the United States is mainly provided by the public sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: local, state, and federal, in that order. Child education is compulsory. There are also a large number and wide variety of higher education institutions throughout the country that one can choose to attend, both publicly and privately administered. Public education is universally available. School curricula, funding, teaching, employment, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards with jurisdiction over school districts with many directives from state legislatures. School districts are usually separate from other local jurisdictions, with independent officials and budgets. Educational standards and standardized testing decisions are usually made by state governments. The ages for compulsory education vary by state. It begins from ages five to eight and ends from ages fourteen to eighteen. Compulsory education requirements can generally be satisfied by educating children in public schools, state-certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most public and private schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle school (sometimes called junior high school), and high school (sometimes referred to as secondary education). In almost all schools at these levels, children are divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten (followed by first grade) for the youngest children in elementary school, up to twelfth grade, the final year of high school. The exact age range of students in these grade levels varies slightly from area to area. Post-secondary education, better known as "college" in the United States, is generally governed separately from the elementary and high school system, and is described in a separate section below. History Formal education in the United States dates from 1635, when the Boston Latin School was founded in colonial New England. Grammar schools were established in the larger cities of each colony throughout the rest of the 18th century, as well as several religious colleges. Formal education for women started with the American Revolution, and for black children with the American Civil War. However, Homeschooling remained predominant, especially in the south, until the mid 19th century (the 1840 census revealed that about 55 percent of children attended some form of primary school). Free public schools for all started being established after the revolution, and expanded in the 19th century, as the results of efforts of men like Horace Mann and Booker T. Washington. By 1870, all states had free elementary schools, albeit only in urban centers. As the 20th century drew nearer, states started passing laws to make schooling compulsory, and by 1910, 72 percent of children attended school. Private schools continued to spread during this time, as well as colleges andin the rural centersland grant colleges. The year of 1910 also saw the first true high schools.

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During the rest of the 20th century, educational efforts centered on reducing the inequality of the schooling system. The landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education made the desegregation of elementary and high schools a national priority, while the Pell Grant program helped poor minorities gain access to college. Special education was made into federal law in 1975. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 made standardized testing a requirement, and in 1983, a commission was established to evaluate their results and propose a course of action. The resulting No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was controversial and its goals proved to be unrealistic. A commission established in 2006 evaluated higher education, but its recommendations have yet to be fully implemented. Statistics In the year 2000, there were 76.6 million students enrolled in schools from kindergarten through graduate schools. Of these, 72 percent aged 12 to 17 were judged academically "on track" for their age (enrolled in school at or above grade level). Of those enrolled in compulsory education, 5.2 million (10.4 percent) were attending private schools. Among the country's adult population, over 85 percent have completed high school and 27 percent have received a bachelor's degree or higher. The average salary for college or university graduates is greater than $51,000, exceeding the national average of those without a high school diploma by more than $23,000, according to a 2005 study by the U.S. Census Bureau. The 2010 unemployment rate for high school graduates was 10.8%; the rate for college graduates was 4.9%. The country has a reading literacy rate at 99% of the population over age 15, while ranking below average in science and mathematics understanding compared to other developed countries. In 2008, there was a 77% graduation rate from high school, below that of most developed countries. The poor performance has pushed public and private efforts such as the No Child Left Behind Act. In addition, the ratio of college-educated adults entering the workforce to general population (33%) is slightly below the mean of other developed countries (35%) and rate of participation of the labor force in continuing education is high. A 2000s study by Jon Miller of Michigan State University concluded that "A slightly higher proportion of American adults qualify as scientifically literate than European or Japanese adults". School grades Most children enter the public education system around ages five or six. The American school year traditionally begins at the end of August or the day after Labor Day in September, after the traditional summer recess. Children are assigned into yelovdvdmwar groups known as grades, beginning with preschool, followed by kindergarten and culminating in twelfth grade. Children customarily advance together from one grade to the next as a single cohort or "class" upon reaching the end of each school year in late May or early June. The American educational system comprises 12 grades of study over 12 calendar years of primary and secondary education before graduating, and often becoming eligible for admission to higher education. After pre-kindergarten and kindergarten, there are five years in primary school (normally known as elementary school). After completing five grades, the student will enter junior high or middle school and then high school to get the high school diploma.
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The U.S. uses ordinal numbers (e.g., first grade) for identifying grades. Typical ages and grade groupings in public and private schools may be found through the U.S. Department of Education. Many different variations exist across the country. Students completing high school may choose to attend a college or university. Undergraduate degrees may be either associate's degrees or bachelor's degrees (baccalaureate) Community college typically offer two-year associate's degrees, although some community colleges offer a limited number of bachelor's degrees. Some community college students choose to transfer to a four-year institution to pursue a bachelor's degree. Community colleges are generally publicly funded and offer career certifications and part-time programs. Four-year institutions may be public or private colleges or universities. Most public institutions are state universities, which are sponsored by state governments and typically receive funding through some combination of taxpayer funds, tuition, private donations, federal grants, and proceeds from endowments. State universities are organized in a wide variety of ways, and many are part of a state university system. However, not all public institutions are state universities. The five service academies, one for each branch of the armed forces, are completely funded by the federal government; the academies train students (cadets or midshipmen) to be commissioned officers in exchange for a mandatory term of military service. Additionally, some local governments (counties and cities) have four-year institutions of their own - one example is the City University of New York. Private institutions are privately funded and there is wide variety in size, focus, and operation. Some private institutions are large research universities, while others are small liberal arts colleges that concentrate on undergraduate education. Some private universities are nonsectarian while others are religiously affiliated. While most private institutions are nonprofit, a number are for profit. Curriculum varies widely depending on the institution. Typically, an undergraduate student will be able to select an academic major or concentration, which comprises the main or special subjects, and students may change their major one or more times. Some students, typically those with a bachelor's degree, may chose to continue on to graduate or professional school. Graduate degrees may be either master's degrees (e.g., M.S., M.B.A., M.S.W.) or doctorates (e.g., Ph.D., J.D., M.D.). Academia-focused graduate school typically includes some combination of coursework and research (often requiring a thesis or dissertation), while professional school (e.g., medical, law, business) grants a first professional degree and aims to prepare students to enter a learned profession. Elementary and secondary education Schooling is compulsory for all children in the United States, but the age range for which school attendance is required varies from state to state. Most children begin elementary education with kindergarten (usually five to six years old) and finish secondary education with twelfth grade (usually eighteen years old). In some cases, pupils may be promoted beyond the next regular grade. Some states allow students to leave school between 1417 with parental permission, before finishing high school; other states require students to stay in school until age 18

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Most parents send their children to either a public or private institution. According to government data, one-tenth of students are enrolled in private schools. Approximately 85% of students enter the public schools, largely because they are tax-subsidized (tax burdens by school districts vary from area to area). There are more than 14,000 school districts in the country. More than $500 billion is spent each year on public primary and secondary education. Most states require that their school districts within the state teach for 180 days a year. Parents may also choose to educate their own children at home; 1.7% of children are educated in this manner. Nearly 6.2 million students between the ages of 16 and 24 in 2007 dropped out of high school, including nearly three of 10 Hispanics. The issue of high-school drop-outs is considered important to address as the incarceration rate for African-American male high school dropouts is about 50 (fifty) times the national average. In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that forced busing of students may be ordered to achieve racial desegregation. This ruling resulted in a white flight from the inner cities which largely diluted the intent of the order. This flight had other, non-educational ramifications as well. Integration took place in most schools though de facto segregation often determined the composition of the student body. By the 1990s, most areas of the country have been released from mandatory busing. In 2010, there were 3,823,142 teachers in public, charter, private, and Catholic elementary and secondary schools. They taught a total of 55,203,000 students, who attended one of 132,656 schools. States do not require proper reporting from their school districts to allow analysis of efficiency of return on investment. The Center for American Progress, called a "left-leaning think tank", commends Florida and Texas as the only two states that provides annual school-level productivity evaluations which report to the public how well school funds are being spent at the local level. This allows for comparison of school districts within a state. In 2010, American students rank 17th in the world. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development says that this is due to focusing on the low end of performers. All of the recent gains have been made, deliberately, at the low end of the socioeconomic scale and among the lowest achievers. The country has been outrun, the study says, by other nations because the US has not done enough to encourage the highest achievers. About half the states encourage schools to recite the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag. Teachers worked from about 35 to 46 hours a week in a survey taken in 1993. In 2011, American teachers worked 1,097 hours in the classroom, the most for any industrialized nation measured by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. They spend 1,913 hours a year on their work, just shy of the national average of 1,932 hours for all workers.

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Transporting students to and from school is a major concern for most school districts. School buses provide the largest mass transit program in the country; 8.8 billion trips per year. Nonschool transit buses give 5.2 billion trips annually. 440,000 yellow school buses carry over 24 million students to and from school. School start times are computed with busing in mind. There are often three start times; for elementary, for middle/junior high, and for high school. One school district computed its cost per bus (without the driver) at $20,575 annually. It assumed a model where the average driver drove 80 miles per day. A driver was presumed to cost $.62 per mile (1.6 km). Elementary schools started at 7:30, middle schools/junior high school started at 8:15 and senior high schools at 9:00. While elementary school started earlier, they also get out earlier, at 2:25; middle schools at 3:10 and senior high schools at 3:55. All school districts establish their own times and means of transportation within guidelines set forth by their own state. 1/. Education in the United States .. . A/. is provided by the private sector for the most part B/. requires children to go to school by law C/. has school districts run on their own fund but by administrators from another state D/. usually standardizes everything including training and testing federally 2/. The ages for school .. A/. are homogeneous for all states B/. range from five to eight years old C/. can be met by educating children in an approved home program D/. can be based on to tell which grade the students are in 3/. Education in the United States .. . A/. was formally found in 1965 B/. was established in the larger cities of each colony throughout the rest of the 18th century C/. was started for women before the American Revolution D/. was began for black children along with the Civil War 4/. In terms of history, before the 20th century, .. A/. urban centers of all the states had free elementary schools B/. states had already finished passing laws to make schooling compulsory C/. 72 percent of the American children attended school D/. the people witnessed the first true high school 5/. desegregation in the desegregation of elementary and high school a national priority can be best replace with .. . A/. end the policy of segregation B/. discrimination on the grounds of sex, race, religion, etc. C/. isolation D/. insulation 6/. About statistics, .. . A/. 76,6 million students enrolled in kindergarten B/. 10,4 % of the 5.2 million population were attending private school C/. 99% of the population over age 15 are able to read while the rate for science and math literacy is lower D/. A study by Jon Miller indicates a pessimistic signal for the American adults in science literacy of the year 2000 7/. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A/. The grades begin with preschool, followed by kindergarten, then five years in primary, entering junior high, next middle school, and culminating in twelfth grade of high school. B/. College can be a two year or four year long period. C/. Students at state universities dont pay tuition.
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D/. Requiring a thesis or dissertation is the work of professional school. 8/. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A/. Elementary education includes kindergarten. B/. Some special pupils can be moved to a higher grade beyond his next regular one. C/. Some states allow students to leave school earlier in case their parents agree and once they have finished high school. D/. The majority of students enter the public schools mainly due to the easing of tax burdens. 9/. incarceration in as the incarceration rate for African-American male high school dropouts is closest in meaning to . A/. imprisonment B/. opposition C/. impatience D/. desegregation 10/. The last part States do not require reporting .set forth by their own state. is mainly about .. . A/. Analyses of efficiency of return on investment B/. The USA has been outrun by other nations. C/. A survey taken in 1993 on teachers work D/. The transportation of students back and forth school is a major concern. PART IV : WRITING ( 4 pts. ) Question 10 : Rewrite these sentences, beginning with the words or phrases given in such a way that they remain exactly the same meaning as the original ones : ( 2 pts ) 1/. What must be done about this problem? What is . . 2/. He expects to have finished by June. He expects that ..... .. . 3/. How deep is the Suez canal? What ? 4/. I happened to be standing next to him when he collapsed. It happened ..... . 5/. He might have gone. It is .... . 6/. I advise cancelling the meeting, he said. He advised that . 7/. The fruits are stolen from the neighbor. Which of these fruits do you know? . Which . 8/. Is it right that everyone has read the notice? Everyone . ? Question 11 : ( 2 pts ) Write about an important turning point in your life up to now or in the time to come. How do you think it affected or would affect your life? ( in about 200-250 words )

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