DIVISION= STRAIGHT LINE UNDER ASSIGNMENT BASE

GAME TYPES EASY SEQUENCING CIRCLE ORDERING STRAIGHT LINE BALANCED MEDIUM SELECTION=STRAIGHT LINE OVER ASSIGNMENT BASE MULTI LINE BALANCED STRAIGHT LINE UNDER ORDERED BASE IE. MANNY STRAIGHT LINE OVER ORDERED BASE HARD MULTI LINE OVER MULTI LINE UNDER DIVISON=STRAIGHT LINE UNDER ASSIGNMENT BASE =STRAIGHT LINE OVER ASSIGNEMTN BASE

MAPS 1-ORDERING GAMES

STRAIGHT LINE ORDERING-ASSIGN VARS TO A LINE. ORDER IS IMPORTANT. BASE IS NORMALLY DAYS OR NUMBERS=ORDER SO SEQUENCING RULES ARE ADDED. IE. ASSIGN 5 PPL TO WORK ON MON TO FRIDAY. SOMETIMES BASE HAS NO ORDER.=ASSIGNMENT GAME. THEREFORE NO SEQUENCING.THUS HARDER IE. ASSIGN DIFFRENT COLORS TO 5 PEOPLE. 1-STRAIGHT LINE BALANCED ORDERED BASE 7-1 8-3 12-1 13-2 14-2 15-1 17-1 19-1 11-2 18-2 23-1 24-2 26-2 27-1

27-4 28-1 30-4 32-3 34-3 25-4 2-STRAIGHT LINE BALANCED ASSIGNMENT BASE

3-STRAIGHT LINE OVER ORDERED BASE 34-2 30-2 21-2 STRAGHT LINE OVER ASSIGNMENT BASE-division

3-STRAIGHT LINE UNDER ORDERED BASE 15-3 31-3 34-1 4-STRAIGHT LINE 3-1 10-2 5-CIRCLE ORDERING 1-1 UNDER ASSIGNMENT BASE=DIVISION

6-PURE SEQUENCING 29-3 29-4 33-1 38-1 1-3 2-1 3-2 4-1 6-2 10-1 Ace 11-1 MULTI-LINE GAMES- ASSIGN VARS TO FIRST LINE. ORDER IS IMPORTANT. ASSIGN VARS TO SECOND LINE. ORDER IS IMPORTANT. CAN ORDER BASE AND VERTICAL LINE. VARS ON FIRST LINE IS NORMALLY DIFFERENT THAN VARS ON SECOND LINE.SECOND LINE MAY BE 1 SPACE OR FULL LINE. BASE MAY HAVE ORDER IE. ASSIGN PPL TO RACE POSITIONS 1-5, AND ASSIGN COLOR OF THEIR BIBS TO TO RACE POSITIONS.

OR BASE HAS NO ORDER IE. ASSIGN 3 PPL TO 5 CITIES. ASSIGN YEAR OF VISIT TO FIVE CITIES 6-MULTI LINE BALANCED ORDERED BASE 5-4 7-4 14-4 37-4 20-4 22-2 24-3 26-1 30-3 36-2 36-4 37-2 38-2 38-4

MULTI LINE BALANCED ASSIGNMENT BASE

7-MULTI LINE OVER ORDERED BASE (WHERE OVER REFERS TO AT LEAST ONE LINE OR MAIN LINE) 8-1 5-1 2-2 4-3 13-3 35-4 20-1 21-3 21-4 22-3 28-3 31-1 35-3 36-3 37-3 23-4 22-4 MULT LINE OVER 17-3 ASSIGNMENT BASE

8-MULTI-LINE UNDER ORDERED BASE 1-2 1-4 7-2

16-3 19-2 33-4 32-4

9-MULTI-LINE UNDER ASSIGNMENT BASE 28-4 37-1

2-NON-ORDERING GAMES (GROUPING).

STEPS TO MAKE INFERENCE 1-LINK VARS IN DIFFERENT RULES 2-NOT BOTH CAN BE IN GROUP. IE. A OR B OR NONE 3-LIMIT ON A VAR. IE. A IN GROUP 1 OR GROUP 2 4-LIMIT ON A SPACE. IE. 2 OF L,M,R MUST BE IN 5-SMALL GROUPS. IF ONE NOT IN, OTHERS PICKED 6-2 GROUPS. IF ONE NOT HERE, ITS THERE 7-PLUG BACK IN DOUBLE NOT ARROW INFERENCE 8-INFO SAYS OTHERS MUST BE PICKED. IE. A/B C D 1-IN OUT. ASSIGN ALL VARS FROM ONE LARGE GROUP TO 2 GROUPS. ORDER IS NOT IMPORTANT. UNKNOWN GROUP SIZE. IE. PICK BIRDS IN A FOREST -for max questions, look at out column and look for conflicts such as both cannot be out together. solve those conflicts. interested in arrows out form that var -for min questions , can look at max for other side -if interested in inferences for 1 var. ie. k is in. look for arrows away, and in out column, look for arrows toward to take conntra. Grouping: In-and-Out 34-4 ace 83 7-3* 31-2 33-2 36-1 34-4 23-2

2-SELECTION OF 1 GROUP-ASSIGN VARS TO

GROUP. ORDER IS NOT IMPORTANT.

VARS PICKED FROM A LARGER SET. IE. ASSIGN 5 PPL TO PLAY ON A TEAM FROM 10. CAN THINK OF ASSINGING PPL TO A VERTICAL LINE OR GROUP. NO ORDER TO VERTICAL LINE 9-2 11-3 20-2 5-2 5-3 24-4 30-1 32-2 33-3 35-1 36-1 26-4 -DIVISON-ASSIGN ALL VARS FROM ONE LARGE GROUP TO 2 OR MORE GROUPS. ORDER IS NOT IMPORTANT. ORDER IS NOT IMPORTANT IN BASE. ORDER IS NOT IMPORTANT VERTICALLY IE. OF 10 PEOPLE.ASSIGN 5 PEOPLE TO A FIRST TEAM. ASSIGN 5 PEOPLE TO A SECOND TEAM. THINK OF IT AS ASSIGN TO 2 GROUPS.GROUP SIZE KNOWN

10-2 12-2 13-1 15-4 16-1 19-3 19-4 2-3 3-4 6-1 14-1 14-3 18-1 24-1 29-1 21-1 22-1 25-2 26-3 27-3 38-3 27-2 23-3 25-1

MATCHING

-ASSIGN VARS IN A GROUP.NORMALLY SMALL TO 3-4 GROUPS.VARS CAN BE REUSED. IE 3 DRUGS TO 5 DISEASES. 4-2 8-3 9-1 11-1 12-3 17-2 28-2 35-2

3-HYBRID ORDERING AND NON ORDERING

HELP? 31-4 25-3

4-COUNTING GAMES
ACER 102

GENERAL TIPS -4.5 MIN FOR SETUP -WRITE LIGHTLY N QUICK -take few secs n think of setup ie ordered vars on bottom -think of distribution of vars to be ie. book question seasonings,retreat -TRY TO WRITE AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE -FIX RULES IN HEAD, AND TRY THINK OF VARS (APPEAR A LOT) -try to write a template of hypos or rules assigned ,and vars at base etc INFERENCES, RANDOMS, AND POWERFUL 2 sample hypos to get all the

-BLOCKS IN LINE GAMES -ARROWS IN GROUPING -in hypos remember to show interchangeables -label hypos with more than 2 rows especially at start -if two people cant do a task, and theres only 3 people, then the 3rd person must ddo the task -read question carefully, first 2 workers vs first set of 2 workers -READ RULES CAREFULLY DONT MISTAKE EITHER OR WITH NEITHER NOR -all 3 cant be same is not aa and not a_a OR ABC -change neither nor statements into not and not

ie. neither biking nor running = not biking and not running then if can , get rid of not = kayaking or hiking -after get answer read question stem, again and make sure answer ok -do not repeat var in rules!!!! s=split there if want write style use l=look -all list questions,check rules again! -remember with list questions u do elimination,if u get a match eliminate it -hypos for 6 to 8 slot multi line games are quick (ie 2x3 or 2 x4)

-SEE IF IN STEM, WRITE HYPOTHETICAL RIGHT AWAY AND INFERENCES. SCAN FOR RIGHT ANSWER , IF NONE THEN ELIMINATE. IF STILL NONE THEN MAKE HYPOTHETICAL. -IF GLOBAL ,LOOK TO MAIN CHART ,LOOK FOR RIGHT ANSWER. IF NONE ELIMINATE. LOOK FOR PAST HYPOS. IF NONE THEN MAKE HYPOTHETICALS STARTING WITH FIRST POSSIBLE ANSER. -look to rules to toss out 3 answers , normally just 2 are ok

NORMALLY AFTER ELIMINATE, 2 GOOD ANSWER LEFT, USE HYPOTHETICAL -after make starting hypos may find some necessary conditons, put those on main diagram like dorm question! -"a student"=1 house -4 var to 2 spaces can be 2-2 or 1-3 3-1 sponsor q! -slow down think more carefully. a few more seconds is fine if u get another point!dont rush your thinking -when u get right hypo in local q, make sure its compatible with the rules in the if! u always get this wrong! -double arrow is both ways! when checking full lists,and checking double arrow recall to check other way too! -in template hypo, if after need to use / a/ means in 1 of 2 / case, a must be in that spot! a super 1/ means in 1 of 2 / case, a can be in one spot depending of spot of another var. a need not be fixed in that spot. it rests on say where t is. and when t is fixed a can just go 2 one other spot

a super 2/ means in 1 of 2/ cases, a can be in 2 spots depending on another var -the superscripts numbers apply to just the one hypo drawn if the places change the numbers might change. the numbers are for the 1 hypo only! ie the 1 case of /

-the case shown is one case

TRICKY QUESTION TYPES AND ANSWERS -ANSWER IS: THERE ARE EXACTLY 3 DOGS WHICH BLANK, MEANS THERE COULD BE FIVE DOGS AND 2 DON'T BLANK -SEATTLE CALLS ARE LIVE IE IF CALL FROM SEATTLE ITS LIVE BUT COULD BE LIVE CALLS NOT FROM SEATTLE BLOCK MEANS THAT BLOCK IS THERE BUT NOT NEEDED TO BE IF AND ONLY IF. IE. ABOVE IS A BLOCK SL -IN LOCAL QUESTIONS, PAY CAREFUL ATTENTION TO THE NEW INFO IN IF! ESPECIALLY IF IT TELLS YOU distribution NUM OF VARS IN A UNDERBALANCED GAME -A cannot blank UNTIL B HAS BLANK MEANS IF A BLANKs THEN B BLANKed WHICH MEANS A CANNOT BLANK IN 1ST SPOT , AND B CANNOT BLANK IN LAST SPOT. THIS IS LIKE A SPLIT BLOCK -COMPLETE LIST FOR 1 DAY USE TACTIC IN BOOK - X means no one, - means must be someone there -when question is for max number in a spot make sure all inferences about what must be in spots made or else answer is for sure wrong! -if can assign letters , base should have order ie. mainly numbers or days of week1 -tough q

which must be true?

1-if a is on 3, then 3 is not on top 2-if e i on 2, then c is not on bottom -to test answer do not of answer. if ok, then eliminate. if not ok

then that is answer -if u have hypo that (is answer). then it onlys says it could be true and nothing else. -if you have a hypo that is not answer. then its not that the answer must be true and eliminate it. -if you have hypo with the answer not in it (may not be full not), then elinate answer.

which cant be true

-to test answer. do answer. if ok then elimaate since it could be true. if not ok that that is answer -if u have a hypo and is a (not answer) , then the ansswer is uncertain.

which could be true?

-to test answer. do answer. if ok then eliminate.

that is answer. if not ok then

which is not necessarily true? (could be false)

-to test answer, do answer. if ok then then elimate answer (answer could be true). if not ok then that is answer as it cannot be true. -false is bottom line, true is top of truth range -must be true=cannot be false=top line -must be false=cannot be true=bottom line -cannot be true=must be false=bottom line -cannot be false=must be true=top line must be true= necessarily true

q is which must be true except?

3-d could work on thurs if 3 is the wrong answer , then means it must be true that d could work on thurs.

to solve if a on 3, and 3 on top. if ok, then a not necessarily true. if no ok, then a must be true -generally to solve must be true, we need hypo. best if past work to get answer or eliminate. if finally have to test an answer, do a not

hypo of the answer. if it is wrong, then the answer must be true. if it is fine. then the answer is not necessarily true and we can toss it! -some questions give cant toss one and in sets, all you can do are a-g b-k c-p d-q you if with info and after all deductions . you answers theres no pairs or triples to get rid of is start from top 1 hypo at a time. ie. answers e-s start 1 at a time

-when you have no deductions to toss answers, look to past hypos -if wording is tough like in voting game, write hypos dont try to get it with words ie. contrapositive in words is so hard just write out symbols -max letters for var is 2, if need 3 third is subscript -answer choice which must be true one of the men orders p or v. this means one of the men must order p or v. ie pick one guy in line. he must order p or v.it mean in each and every hypo, one of the men must order p or v not there exists a man who orders p or there exists a man who orders v -partial list q 2 types which is a complete and accurate list? 1-list is a partial list of a specific hypo 2-list is all values of a var which cannot,must, or could meet some requirement in each and every hypo ie. which is a ca list of sites,each of which cant be discovered by gallager (in each and every hypo)

if q is: what is a complete and accurate list of ppl who COULD see hitch? if in one hypo a,b,c dont c hitch, then a,b,c is accurate BUT it is not complete if in another hypo a,b,c and d dont see hitch! IN EACH AND EVERY HYPO THERE IS SOME PEOPLE WHO MUST, CANT, AND COULD SEE HITCH. -part list q normally makes u look at inferences for get to right answer! -q is EACH is a c & a list of ppl who could learn a and b EXCEPT: best to toss out wrong answers which is a c & a list of ppl who could learn.

TRICKY SETUPS

-sometimes distribution of vars themselves on base change, ie. room with doubles,triples,singles etc could be 1 d, or 2d or3d it changes! = THE VARS ON BASE are not fixed! thus need to think of its dist.

LOGIC CONDITIONALS -either a or b must be selected but not both is a or b but not a and b it is a or b strict (and not none and not both) it isnt a double arrow b since that includes none! -if either j or m is selected the other must also be selected is j<-->m which is both or none -not (a or b)= not a and not b = they are both not there -not (a and b)= not a or not b = a is not there or b is not there or both (are not there) = a or b or none -not (>=1 person swam)= 0 people swam ie. if 2 boys and more than 1 girl are going--> 2 teachers are going -contrapositive is if its not that 2 teachers are going --> its not that (2 boys and more than 1 girl are going) =2 boys are not going or its not that more than 1 girl is going -if local q write new rules esp if 2 -when check rules dont forget to check not laws and yes laws on main diagram -watch rules any sport played by jake is played by bob is not a double arrow! -must be true easy since make one hypo and must be true -add new info easy -could be true except = cant be true -partial complete accurate list use tactic think of way to do as few partials as u can ie. is look for similars in answers if half have similars, make hypo with that with idea that u can reduce answer choices to half. maybe 1 of answer (ie possible pairs) or 3 of answer (possible 4s) and new info or just 3 of set in answer ie. t24g4 --if question is :if a given which is a pair must also be given use tactic find way to elinate 2 or 3 answers with 1 hypo, may be tricky like using " not variable of interest" hypo -use as much info in the common answers to make hypo. ie if 3 answers have 3 vars in common use all of that in hypo -pair use tactic -full list use rules -goal is to write the fewest hypos to solve - a--> not b means a or b or none

- not a---> b

means

a or

or

both

-if a hypo is fine circle it! even in the middle of a question -if q is what is a complete and accurate list of docters at A, it means what can be a complete hypo (solution) to the rules. -there are often many hypos that fit the rules, it is asking which what is complete. wong ones might be missing something or have 1 item wrong! -check rules twice ok 2 spend time here, if you write them wrongg the whole game is messed! -watch out for this q, what must be true? a-she can visit canada. ie. she could visit canada

-if q and r must be true. the correct answer may list r must be true ( we cant expect it to list both q and r must be true)

STRAIGHT LINE GAMES

-always think -always think -distribution -NOT BLOCK IS

about which vars go to base about balanced,over,under is distribution of vars to go to spots A NOT DOUBLE ARROW IN GROUP GAMES

1-SEQUENTIAL -get rid of not ie. not faster=slower or same as ie not slower is faster or same as -change to faster to draw symbol -for which can be 3rd. ,count min ahead is 2 or less. if min ahead is 3 then cant be 3rd -circle block is both ways!

2-ORDERING -overbalanced 1-1 is hardest -underbalanced 1-1 simple line is easier

-1-1 is easiest

3 ASSIGNMENT -first think about balanced,over,under. over is hardest,under is 2nd, balanced is easiest -if no order to base and can choose setup as under 1-1 ie. 5 grades into 7 people or a multi line ie 7 people into 5 grades, chose the multi line?

MULTI LINE GAMES

GROUPING GAMES -write rules with arrows for easier inferences,avoid blocks used in line games -order doesnt matter ie group 1 , group2 are just groups -a --> not b and not c break up into a->notb and a->notc then each is a double not arrow -look for double not arrows in a group . this means just one of the 2 can be in a group at a time.this cuts number of choices -mark as interchangeables -if halfway through hypo and get answer finish it so it can be used later . write neat -2 of 3 or 3 of 5 for further inferences. after finish conditionals, if no more inferences for what must be in or out. look at 2 of for more inferences! 1-selection or pick 1 group -write hypos like a line to use later. just like inn 1-1 games -game is actually selection 2 subgroups from mastergroup(in and outs)

2-divison (divide into 2 groups or more) =game is picking 3 or more subgroups from a master group

-assignm3ent(to a multi line (ie each var on base is a group)) -some assignment games may assign just one letter but you are

interested in number of those letters. ie. you must assign c c c c c c to 3 groups. questions may deal with distribution of c's.

------------------------------------------------------------------READING COMPREHENSION -REMIND VIEWSTAMP -STRESS NOUNS IN READING -UNDERLINE UNKNOWN TERMS INTRODUCED -UNDERSTAND EVERY SENTENCE -NUMBER PREMISES FOR ARGUMENTS