Dr. Hitesh Kapoor Assistant Professor, Management, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh. Email: hitesh_kapoor78@yahoo.co.

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Ms. Aman Dheer Research Scholar Baddi University. Email: aman_0207@yahoo.co.in

Impact of E Business on Green Supply Chain Management in India

Abstract Environmental change, new informational technologies and E Business solutions have transformed Supply Chain operations from mass production to mass customization and most likely will make the business environment more volatile in next decade considering global economic and political factors. In most new initiatives adopted by organizations, IT has played a pivotal role. Likewise, for the success of green initiatives, it can play a large role in ensuring the chances of success and reaping the expected benefits. When green initiatives are properly managed, they enable organizations to be responsible corporate people and also deliver higher profitability and competitive advantage. It is evident that the impact of e business technologies on Supply chain operations have resulted in reduced bullwhip effect, lowers inventory order levels, reduced logistic costs and streamlined business processes. Introduction Interest in protecting the environment and in purchasing Green products is becoming more and more popular now days around the world. In addition to organizations adopting this green revolution in their day to day operations and adoption of green supply chains, governments too continue to pass more comprehensive laws designed to protect the environment. Manufacturers are realizing how important it is to provide Green products made using Green practices. Green Supply Chain is the process of using environmentally friendly inputs and transforming these inputs into outputs that can be reclaimed and re-used at the end of their lifecycle thus, creating a sustainable supply chain.1 Supply chain management and technology are becoming increasingly entangled in organizations, as now every the personnel prefers applying current business process improvement methodologies in order to assist in the development of more effective business and technology solutions. Supply chain greening processes are often initiated within businesses, which want to appeal to a green investment market or improve their public image. Businesses, which want to decrease costs, innovate / improve systems, or reduce litigation risk.

Green supply chains aim for greening every stage in production to confine wastes within the industrial system so as to conserve energy and prevent the dissipation of harmful materials into the environment.to achieve this, manufacturing processes include the most energy-efficient technology, use sustainable raw materials and create as little waste and pollution in the process. Distribution changes are made by choosing carriers which source locally or have a low 'fleet average' of carbon emissions per kilometer. Efforts are made to downsize packaging, use renewable packaging materials and standardize packaging. Replenishment of inventory, pre and post procedures are also now being made green by use of e technologies and less of paper work. These can reduce the ecological impact of industrial activity without sacrificing on quality, cost, reliability, performance or energy utilization efficiency; meeting environmental regulations to not only minimize ecological damage but also to ensure overall economic profit.

Adaption of new technologies for Companies

History proves that innovation and adoption of new technologies had led to productivity advances that have generated stronger economic growth and higher living standards. It is evident from historical data that long run economic impact from newer technology and management practices brought on by systems produce more accurate information timely and at cheaper costs. Now a days, companies prefer for green supply chains across industries, rising fuel prices and regulatory needs are compelling companies across the board to adopt innovative solutions. While Computer Graphics and those related with designing companies need to optimize their network, packaging and warehousing, and manage sustainable procurement. Also, Local Strategic Partnerships prioritize greening measures such as energy efficiency, emission measurements, modal shifts, green sourcing, strategic placements of distribution centers, warehouses and others. 2 Despite an increased interest in the adoption of sustainable technologies, the how to green a supply chain still remains a vague thought for many. With many factors to consider and little practical information available, some either do not get the right returns or some do not even try.

Barriers of E Business for GSCM

Despite of companies across India, are adopting of new technologies, they face following barriers in path of success like: lack of competitor dynamics, lack of commitment towards supplier, lack of awareness with respect to beat practices, lack of key techniques to optimize GSCM with management practices, lack of appropriate measure for life cycle costs and lack of appropriate implementation cost with environment management.

Impact of E Business Technologies on GSCM operations in India

In order to analyze the impact of e-business technologies on green supply chain operations, the supply chain can be divided into following distinct components: Public Relation Channel, Service Channel, the business channel, the transportation/distribution channel, the payments channel. All these channels have been transformed and have become more tightly interconnected by e business technologies that bring more accurate information to decision-makers in real time. Information can be stripped from products/services and analyzed separately to make better decisions regarding production, distribution, marketing, sales, etc. The Public Relation Channel of green supply chain operation concerns with which market equation to follow that evaluates public attitudes, identifies areas within the organization that public at large may be interested in and provide a program to evaluate and understand public acceptance. The Service Channel of green supply chain operations developing informational dissemination systems and effective delivery systems. The business channel of green supply chain operations concerns what goods or services a business should focus on producing and at what levels. This involves knowing customer base and satisfying their needs and desires. Producing this information entails consumer and market research, and is often very data intensive to most accurately understand changing preferences, tastes, styles, etc. The transportation/distribution channel of green supply chain operations concerns with finding out the best way for physical movement of products to customers and also storage of products in transit or after production. This involves understanding the entire supply chain, from the raw materials to the end consumer, and then taking advantage of the most efficient and effective logistics and inventory systems. The payments channel of green supply chains concerns with finding the best way to move money in exchange for delivered goods and services and also for developing EPS systems for enabling companies to do business online. ERP systems that communicate and share information in real time can lead to competitive advantages.

Initiatives towards E - Business and GSCM

Inventory: Green Supply Chain Management provides good inventory management so that holding cost of inventory is reduced and inventory be maintained so as to meet demand and keep the production operations flowing as smoothly and efficiently as possible.

Logistics: Improved green supply chain operations should also result in lower relative logistics costs. Procurement: Green Supply Chain operations initiates to keep the costs lower and increase in electronic connections between companies. Automatic order placement, billing, and payment can all be triggered and performed by a computer without requiring human intervention and/or a trail of paperwork. And such electronic transactions can now be accomplished faster and cheaper, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the green supply chain. Production and Sales Volatility: Green Supply Chain operations helps in real-time monitoring of sales, shipments, quality and output, along with more reliable performance measures of lead times, forecast errors, etc., we expect less volatility in output when utilizing e-business systems. Green Supply Chain Network: The supply chain network implies, location of plants, distribution centers, warehouses and customization centers. As a thumb rule about 70% of the cost of a supply chain is fixed at the network design stage itself. Network design and optimization should be done whenever there is a change in the supply chain acquisition of a company, setting up a new plant, changes in distribution structure.

Companies in India initiating toward GSCM

Nestl employs an ongoing, company-wide sustainability program that has generated significant environmental and financial benefits. The company has applied the strategy to its use of product packaging by initiating an integrated approach that favours source reduction, re-use, recycling, and energy recovery. In particular, the companys packaging material savings between 1991 and 2006 led to $510 million in savings, worldwide, according to Nestls corporate website.3 M/s Gogrej & Boyence Mfg. Co. ltd have tried to address various points related to GSCM and are first platinum rated Green Building. The company is voluntary signatory of MSG initiatives.4 Hindustan Construction Company has developed an innovative technology for lining of temporary river diversion channels. This technology saves on cost as well as time. From project management point of view, substantial saving in time will help early project completion and allow additional flexibility in project schedules. Considering the advantages GSCM can offer to the global construction industry, it can be treated as a remarkable achievement in the field of civil engineering.5 Cognizant has worked with leading logistics players in providing transportation planning solutions to optimize operations, identify non-value added manual processes,

implement. Dashboards for metrics, and utilize the proven principles of Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing to identify hidden variance and complexity within the supply chain.6

Driving forces in todays economy for GSCM

A lot of companies have recently moved to Baddi and Uttarnchal to take advantage of the tax holidays that companies got by setting up factories there. This change in the location of factories should have prompted companies to relook the complete supply chain- relocating Distribution Centers, direct dispatch to some depots and eliminating depots. The development of green supply chain models, the consequences for supplier and partner selection and improved concepts in, for instance, reverse logistics should be part of an integrated approach to green supply chain management. Several recent studies reveal however, that most strategies are not real long-term strategies, but isolated single solutions.

References
1. Creating a Green Supply Chain Mr. Amarnath Shete Wipro Consulting. 2. http://www.tcs.com/thought_leadership/Pages/Enabling-Green-SupplyChains.aspx 3. Green Supply Chain Management, Marketing Tool or Revolution? - Published on the occasion of the inaugural speech related to the lectureship Logistics & Sustainability 4. Godrej archives and Website www.godrej.com 5. GEO-TEXTILE SAND CONTAINER MATTRESSES (GSCM) LINING FOR TEMPORARY RIVER DIVERSION CHANNELS By Rajendra Deshpande, Hindustan Construction Co. Ltd, Mumbai, India. 6. Creating a Green Supply Chain Cognizant White paper