PINE

LATIN NAME FAMILY NAME SYNONYMS COLOUR VISCOSITY AROMA NOTE Pinus sylvestris Abietaceae Scots pine / Norway pine / Forest pine / Pinaceae pale yellow Watery Fresh / resinous Middle

COUNTRIES OF PRODUCTION

PARTS USED EXTRACTION METHOD YIELD

Needles (pine needle oil), or needles, twigs & buds (pine needle oil) Steam distillation 0.1 0.5%

BLENDS WELL WITH Cedarwood, eucalyptus, lavender, Niaouli, rosemary, sage

MAIN CHEMICAL COMPONENTS Sylvestrene, bornyl acetate, dipentene, Cardinene & phellandrene, a-pinene, b-pinene, limonene, b-caryophyllene, camphene-longifolene, g-cadinene, a-copaene, borneol, delta-3-cerene, terpinene-4-ol, epi-a-cadinol, citronella WARNINGS & CONTRA INDICATIONS Most references state that pine & pine needle oil is considered safe since it is nontoxic and non-irritant should still be used with care on the skin as can cause irritation in high dosage & may sensitise the skin as well Chemical component, delta-3-cerene, is most often singled out as the irritant Other research shows that as the oil is oxidised or ages, it becomes irritant Avoid if prone to skin allergic reactions Avoid if pregnant Use with caution or avoid if the allergic response is bad

THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES antiseptic, anti-rheumatic, balsamic, decongestant, deodorant, diuretic, disinfectant, restorative, rubifacient, stimulant, insecticide, tonic

PINE SSENTIAL OIL

THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS EMOTIONAL Uplifting Gives a clean, sharp feeling Stress Refreshes tired mind Hopelessness or low self esteem CIRCULATION Hypotension Stimulates poor circulation DIGESTIVE Gall stones Gastralgia Stimulates metabolism GENITO-URINARY Cystitis Prostate problems urinary infections Hormonal stimulant Leucorrhea May assist metritis inflammation of the uterus Said to benefit male sexual problems impotence NERVOUS SYSTEM nervous exhaustion neuralgia Mental fatigue Stress related conditions RESPIRATORY Allergies Bronchitis Asthma Catarrh Coughs, whooping cough Laryngitis Colds & flu Eases breathing & sinusitis Excellent for treatment of chest infections Powerful antiseptic bronchitis, laryngitis, flu As an expectorant helps clear sinuses & ease breathing

PINE SSENTIAL OIL

SKIN Cuts, boils, sores Fleas, scabies, lice Excessive perspiration Skin problems eczema, psoriasis Purifier of the skin especially grey, oxygen poor skin smokers STRUCTURAL Rheumatism, arthritis, gout Inflammation muscular aches & pains stimulate circulation OTHER

METHODS OF APPLICATION AEROSOL Asthma, colds, coughs Cellulite hangover smokers cough Drowsiness Sinusitis Inhalations of pine good for colds, catarrh & sore throat BATH / FOOT BATH Asthma, colds, coughs Cellulite hangover Infections Rheumatism Sinusitis take care if prone to allergic reactions MASSAGE OIL use caution in massage may cause some skin irritation Use only small quantities in low dilution Muscular aches & pains COMPRESS NOTES Limonene, dipentene & bornyl acetate are responsible for antiviral & antibacterial activity

PINE SSENTIAL OIL