SREE CHAITANYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES

THIMMAPOOR, KARIMNAGAR, AP-505 527 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the major project report entitled SPACE TIME BLOCK CODED SPATIAL MODULATION is being submitted by

S.SHARADA

(09TR1A0483),

M.SANJEEVKUMAR

(09TR1A0454),

M.SUKRUTHA (09TR1A0455), N.ANIL (09TR1A0466) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering, to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, is a bonfide work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision. The result embodied in this report has not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of any degree or diploma.

Project Guide

Head of the Department

Mr.K.MAHESH Assistant Professor, Department of ECE,

Mr.D.BHANU PRAKASH Associate Professor, Department of ECE,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The satisfaction that accomplishes the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without the mention of the people who make it possible and whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with success. It is my privilege and pleasure to express my profound sense of respect, gratitude and indebtedness to my supervisor Mr.K.MAHESH, Assistant Professor Department of ECE,SREE CHAITANYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES, for his constant guidance, inspiration, and constant encouragement throughout this mini project work. I wish to express my deep gratitude to Mr.D.BHANU PRAKASH, Associate Professor and HOD, Department of ECE, SREE CHAITANYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES, karimnagar for his cooperation and encouragement, in addition to providing necessary facilities throughout the Major project work. I sincerely extend my thanks to Mr.Dr.A.PRASADA RAJU, Principal, SREE CHAITANYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Karimnagar, for providing all the facilities required for completion of this Seminar. I would like to thank all the staff and all my friends for their good wishes, their helping hand and constructive criticism, which led the successful completion of this mini project. Finally, I thank all those who directly and indirectly helped me in this regard. I apologize for not listing everyone here.

S.SHARADA M.SANJEEV KUMAR M.SUKRUTHA N.ANIL

(09TR1A0483) (09TR1A0454) (09TR1A0455) (09TR1A0466)

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this dissertation entitled, SPACE TIME BLOCK CODED SPATIAL MODULATION, submitted towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering, SREE CHAITANYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGICAL

SCIENCES, Karimnagar, is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the supervision of Mr.K.MAHESH, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, SREE CHAITANYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Karimnagar.

To the best of my knowledge and belief, this Project bears no resemblance with any report submitted to SREE CHAITANYA INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES or any other University for the award of any degree or diploma.

Date: Place: KARIMNAGAR S.SHARADA M.SANJEEV KUMAR M.SUKRUTHA N.ANIL (09TR1A0483) (09TR1A0454) (09TR1A0455) (09TR1A0466)

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ABSTRACT
A novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme, called space-time block coded spatial modulation (STBC-SM), is proposed. It combines spatial modulation (SM) and space-time block coding (STBC) to take advantage of the benefits of both while avoiding their drawbacks. In the STBCSM scheme, the transmitted information symbols are expanded not only to the space and time domains but also to the spatial (antenna) domain which corresponds to the on/off status of the transmit antennas available at the space domain, and therefore both core STBC and antenna indices carry information. A general technique is presented for the design of the STBC-SM scheme for any number of transmits antennas. Besides the high spectral efficiency advantage provided by the antenna domain, the proposed scheme is also optimized by deriving its diversity and coding gains to exploit the diversity advantage of STBC. A low-complexity maximum likelihood (ML) decoder is given for the new scheme which profits from the orthogonality of the core STBC. The performance advantages of the STBC-SM over simple SM and over V-BLAST are shown by simulation results for various spectral efficiencies and are supported by the derivation of a closed form expression for the union bound on the bit error probability.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1INTRODUCTION1 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT 1.3 LITERATURE SURVEY 1.4 EXISTING SYSTEM 1.5 OUTLINE OF THE ORGANIZED THESIS CHAPTER2 MULTIPLE-ANTENNAWIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1.1 MULTI - ANTENNA TRANSMISSION METHODS 2.2 MODELLING THE WIRELESS MIMO SYSTEM 2.2.1 SYSTEM (AND CHANNEL) MODEL 2.2.2 CHANNEL MODEL 2.2.2.1 SPATIALLY UNCORRELATED CHANNEL 2.2.2.2 SPATIALLY CORRELATED CHANNEL 2.2.2.3 NOISE TERM AND SNR-DEFINITION CHAPTER 3 SPACE-TIME BLOCK CODED SPATIAL MODULATION (STBC-SM) 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO SM MODULATION 3.1.1 STBC-SM SYSTEM DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION 3.1.2 OPTIMAL ML DECODER FOR THE STBC-SM SYSTEM 3.2 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE STBC-SM SYSTEM v 30 33 14 14 21 5 5 8 10 10 11 11 12 13 1 2 3 3 1

CHAPTER4 MODULATION TECHNIQUES 4.1 QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (QAM) 4.2 QUADRATURE PHASE SHIFT KEYING (QPSK) CHAPTER5 RESULT ANALYSIS 5.1 SIMULATION RESULTS AND COMPARISONS CHAPTER6 CONCLUSION REFERENCES APPENDIX 42 43 44 39 39 36 36 37

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 MIMO model with nt transmit antennas and nr receive antennas Figure 3.1 space time block coded spatial modulation process Figure 3.1.1 STBC SM transmitter block Figure 3.1.2 STBC-SM block diagram at receiver side Figure 3.1.3 Variation of min () given in for BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM (2 (), 4 (), 16 () and 64 () Figure 4.1 QAM System Figure 4.2.1 Generation of QPSK Figure 5.1 BER performance of Almoutis STBC schemes Figure 5.2 BER performance of STBC-SM schemes for BPSK and QPSK Figur 5.3 BER performance of STBC-SM schemes for PSK 26 36 38 40 40 41 10 18 23 24

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 STBC-SM mapping rule 20 28 37

Table 3.1.1 STBC-SM system for different number of transmit antennas Table 4.2.1 QPSK phase shift for different symbols

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
V-BLAST SNR MIMO STBC SM CCI ML : : : : : : : Vertical bell labs layered space time Signal to noise ratio Multiple input multiple output Space time block coded Spatial modulation Co channel interference Maximum Likelihood

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