Anthozoa

Stony corals, Scleractinia

Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Cnidaria Class:Anthozoa
Ehrenberg, 1831

Anthozoa is a class within the phylum Cnidaria that contains the sea anemones and corals. Unlike other cnidarians, anthozoans do not have a medusa stage in their development. Instead, they release sperm and eggs that form a planula, which attaches to some substrate on which the cnidarian grows. Some anthozoans can also be reproduce asexually through budding. All cnidarian species can feed by catching prey with nematocysts, sea anemones capable of catching fish and corals catching plankton. Some of the species also harbour a type of algae, dinoflagellates called zooxanthellae, in a symbiotic relationship; the reef building corals known as hermatypic corals rely on this symbiotic relationship particularly. The zooxanthellae benefit by using nitrogenous waste and carbon dioxide produced by the host, and the cnidarian gains photosynthetic capability and increased calcium carbonate production in hermatypic corals.[1] Anemonies and certain species of coral live in isolation, however most corals form colonies of genetically identical polyps; these polyps closely resemble anemonies in structure, although are generally considerably smaller. Most kinds of stony coral live in all parts of the underwater world.

Subclass Alcyonaria (= Octocorallia) (8-way symmetry)

Alcyonaria (also known as Octocorallia, as they have 8-fold symmetry) is a subclass of the class Anthozoa within the phylum Cnidaria. It includes the sea fans and sea pens, and the soft corals of the order Alcyonacea. The subclass is divided into a number of orders; those which are extinct are marked with .

Gambar : Alcyonaria

Iciligorgia schrammi
Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Cnidaria Class:Anthozoa Subclass:Alcyonaria

a) Alcyonacea (soft corals) Gambar : Alcyonacea (soft corals)

Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Cnidaria Class:Anthozoa Subclass:Alcyonaria Order:Alcyonacea

Cladiella sp. b) Gorgonacea (sea fans, sea feathers) Gambar : Gorgonacea (sea fans, sea feathers)
Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Cnidaria Class:Anthozoa Subclass:Alcyonaria Order:Gorgonacea

Iciligorgia schrammi

c) Helioporacea (= Coenothecalia) (Indo-Pacific blue coral)

d) Pennatulacea (sea pens, sea pansies) Gambar : Pennatulacea (sea pens, sea pansies)
Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Cnidaria Class:Anthozoa Subclass:Alcyonaria Order:Pennatulacea
Verrill, 1865

"Pennatulida" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904 Families :

Suborder Sessiliflorae
o Anthoptilidae o Chunellidae o Echinoptilidae o Funiculinidae

o Kophobelemnidae o Protoptilidae o Renillidae o Scleroptilidae o Stachyptilidae o Umbellulidae o Veretillidae o

Suborder Subselliflorae o Pennatulidae o Pteroeididae o Virgulariidae e) Stolonifera (organ-pipe coral, tree fern coral) f) Telestacea (soft corals)

Subclass Zoantharia (= Hexacorallia (6-way symmetry)

a) Ceriantharia (tube-dwelling anemones) Gambar : Ceriantharia (tube-dwelling anemones)
Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Cnidaria Class:Anthozoa Subclass:Zoantharia Order:Ceriantharia

Tube-dwelling Anemone, Cerianthus sp Families :

Suborder Botrucnidiferidae Suborder Cerianthidae b) Actiniaria (sea anemones)

Gambar : Actiniaria (sea anemones)

Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Cnidaria Class:Anthozoa Subclass:Hexacorallia Order:Actiniaria

Sea anemone at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Families :

Suborder Endocoelantheae
o Family Actinernidae o Family Halcuriidae

Suborder Nyantheae
o Infraorder Athenaria o Family Andresiidae o Family Andwakiidae o Family Edwardsiidae o Family Galatheanthemidae o Family Halcampidae o Family Halcampoididae o Family Haliactiidae o Family Haloclavidae o Family Ilyanthidae o Family Limnactiniidae o Family Octineonidae o Infraorder Boloceroidaria o Family Boloceroididae o Family Nevadneidae o Infraorder Thenaria o Family Acontiophoridae o Family Actiniidae o Family Actinodendronidae o Family Actinoscyphiidae o Family Actinostolidae o Family Aiptasiidae o Family Aiptasiomorphidae o Family Aliciidae o Family Aurelianidae o Family Bathyphelliidae o Family Condylanthidae o Family Diadumenidae o Family Discosomidae o Family Exocoelactiidae o Family Haliplanellidae o Family Hormathiidae o Family Iosactiidae o Family Isanthidae o Family Isophelliidae o Family Liponematidae o Family Metridiidae

Family Minyadidae Family Nemanthidae Family Paractidae Family Phymanthidae Family Sagartiidae Family Sagartiomorphidae Family Stichodactylidae Family Thalassianthidae o Suborder Protantheae o Family Gonactiniidae o Suborder Ptychodacteae o Family Preactiidae o Family Ptychodactiidae c) Corallimorpharia Numidiaphyllida d) Numidiaphylida e) Sclerasctinia

o o o o o o o o

f) Scleractinia (= Madreporaria) (stony corals) Gambar :

Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Cnidaria Class:Anthozoa Order:Scleractinia
Bourne, 1900

Brain Coral (Diploria labyrinthiformis) Families :

Suborder Astrocoeiina
Acroporidae Species : Acropora cervicornis Acropora cytherea Acropora echinata Acropora humilis Acropora paniculata Acropora tumida Acropora valida Acropora yongei Astrocoeniidae Pocilloporiidae

Suborder Caryophylliina
Caryophylliidae Suborder Dendrophylliina Dendrophylliidae

Suborder Faviina
Astrangiidae Faviidae Meandrinidae Mirulinidae Mussidae Oculinidae Pectiniidae Trachyphyllidae

Suborder Fungiina
Agariciidae Fungiidae Poritidae Siderastreidae Thamnasteriidae

g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n) o) p)

Kilbuchophyllida Antipatharia (black corals, thorny corals) Zoanthidea Heterocorallia Rugosa (= Tetracoralla) (horned corals) Heliolitida Tabulata (tabulate corals) Cothoniida Tabuloconida Ptychodactiaria