Water Saving in BEL Egypt - Final Report

Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report
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WASABEL Egypt - MPMIE
MPMIE Team
Name Job Title Company Email
Ingy Hussein El Mekkawy Junior Finance Specialist Virgin Mega Store Ingymekkawy.91@gmail.com Amr Mohammad Abdou Matar Product Manager IT Blocks amrm.matar@hotmail.com Mahmoud Mohamed Gomaa Sales and Service Officer Retail Banking HSBC gomaa.10@hotmail.com
Acknowledgement
First of all, sincere gratitude is hereby extended to the following who never ceased in helping until the Business Plan was structured: Dr. Asmaa Al-Sharif for her unwavering guidance, assistance and follow-up throughout the project. Dr. Amr Osman for his shared project management and strategic planning expertise and experience that indeed contributed positively in the analysis and interpretation of data. Dr. Hany Nasr El-Din for his guidance and advice whenever needed in all financial aspects.
Second, we would like to express our gratitude to the UFE (French University in Egypt) that gave us the opportunity to work on such important environmental initiative. Third we would like to express our appreciativeness to Nantes University, Dr. Emmanuel Chn, and Dr. Asmaa Al-Sharif for the great effort and time they sacrificed to contribute in the implementation of the MPMIE; which gave us a great opportunity of learning. Fourth, we would also take this opportunity to express our honor to BEL EGYPT and our deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Yassine Bakari for sharing precious time and positive insights and for his valuable information and guidance. Fifth, we are also obliged to the WASABEL Egypt staff members, for the valuable information provided by them in their respective fields. Last but not least, we owe our deepest recognition to our families and friends who supported us throughout the project by encouraging us and always keeping our morals high. Above all; our utmost appreciation to the Almighty Allah for the divine intervention in this academic endeavor.
The Authors
Disclaimer
We certify that this report is our own work and that any mistake or error in the data collected, analyzed and information provided is to be considered an omission and not intentionally for the purpose of misrepresentation or deception.
Signed: _______________________ Date: ____________________
Signed: _______________________ Date: ____________________
Signed: _______________________ Date: ____________________
Notes
Notes
Notes
Summary
Oceans, seas, rivers, ponds, lakes and streams - they all have different names, but they all contain water: The only source of life!
The WASABEL Egypt Project is a Water Saving project in BEL Egypt aiming to reduce the environmental footprint of BEL by reducing the amount of water used in the manufacturing process of cheese in the BEL Egypt factory. The project sees the challenge of conserving water within its global context. BEL's systematic approach allows identifying the reductions that can be made by modifying the company's industrial processes and/or reclaiming certain types of waste water.
WASABEL had its pilot site in Damascus, Syria since 2009, used to validate BEL's methodology before disseminating it throughout other sites in the Maghreb/Middle East regions, where challenging situations already exist. The WASABEL Project has been transferred and launched in Egypt since May 2011 due to the political instability in Syria with a main objective of lowering the water consumption volumes in the factory. This first phase of the project was purely of a technical nature. The project has been re-launched in a second phase in April 2012 in order to accompany a project management aspect to WASABEL.
The WASABEL project, being carried on from a phase to another and from a country to another, the exchange of best practices within the Group and a better knowledge of BEL's sustainable development approach will encourage others to learn to manage water better, a precious resource that is so important to each and every one of us. So throughout the following report, the WASABEL Business Plan has been divided into 4 main parts.
At a first place, we introduced the Cheese Industry in general, the Group Profile as a whole, the origin of the project's idea descending from the Group's CSR program, the WASABEL background and how was the project assigned to us, the methodology adopted by our team through the whole project; ending this part with all the tools and concepts we applied on our case project.
Table of Contents
A. Introduction B. About the Cheese Industry C. Origin of the Idea D. Project Background E. Methodology F. Concepts and Tools G. Strategizing Project Idea i. ii. iii. iv. v. Strategic Foundation Stakeholders PESTEL Analysis SWOT Analysis Constraints Analysis 10 14 16 18 19 22 23 23 25 30 37 49 52 91 106 117 118 120 173
H. Marketing Plan I. Operational Plan J. Financial Analysis K. Conclusion L. Retrospective Analysis M. Appendices N. Bibliography
A. Introduction
"Water; a raw material to consume in moderation!"
Nol PALLEZ, the environmental manager at BEL Group. Water is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at standard ambient temperature and pressure, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state (water vapor or steam). Water also exists in a liquid crystal state near hydrophilic surfaces. Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface, and is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's water is found in oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies, and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and liquid water particles suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of the Earth's water is fresh water, and 98.8% of that water is in ice and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all fresh water is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's fresh water (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. After defining water, it's deemed necessary to define Water Stress. Water scarcity, water stress, water deficits, water shortage and water crisis they all have different names but they all symbolize a concept that is relatively new. The concept of water stress is the difficulty of obtaining sources of fresh water for use, because of depleting resources. A water crisis is a situation where the available potable, unpolluted water within a region is less than that region's demand. In the World Economic Forum in Davos Switzerland, more than 1000 experts have defined and identified the major global risks that are and will affect nations now and in the Future.
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Those risks were categorized into Economic, Technological, Societal, Geopolitical, and Political Risks. Below are the graphs showing the 5 Top major risks discussed in Davos Forum 2012:
Figure (1): Top Five Global Risks by Likelihood and Impact
Figure (2): Top 5 Global Risks in Terms of Likelihood, 2007 2013
Figure (3): Top 5 Global Risks in Terms of Impact, 2007 2013
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According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Water plays a pivotal role for sustainable development, including poverty reduction. Given the importance of water to poverty alleviation, human and ecosystem health, the management of water resources becomes of central importance. Currently, over 1 billion people lack access to water and over 2.4 billion lack access to basic sanitation. This water crisis is largely our own making. It has resulted not from the natural limitations of the water supply or lack of financing and appropriate technologies, even though these are important factors, but rather from profound failures in water governance. The International Water Management Institute divides the countries in regards to the water availability into four categories of water availability; Availability, Vulnerability on the resource, Strep on the resource, and Shortage on the resource. The following map shows the world water availability in all countries according to the International Water Management Institute and The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). As you can see from the map, Egypt is one of the countries that are categorized under the 'Shortage on resource' Category.
Figure (4): Breakdown of the BEL Groups Industrial Sites by Water Availability (2012)* Source: Aquastat database: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/results.html
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Fifty years ago, when there were fewer than half the current numbers of people on the planet, the common perception was that water was an infinite resource. People were not as wealthy as they are today, consumed fewer calories and ate less meat, so less water was needed to produce their food. They required a third of the volume of water we presently take from rivers. Today, the competition for water resources is much more intense. This is because there are now over seven billion people on the planet; their consumption of water-thirsty meat and vegetables is rising, and there is increasing competition for water from industry, urbanization and biofuel crops. The total amount of available fresh water supply is also decreasing because of climate change, which has caused receding glaciers, reduced stream and river flow, and shrinking lakes. Many aquifers have been over-pumped and are not recharging quickly. Although the total fresh water supply is not used up, much has become polluted, salted, unsuitable or otherwise unavailable for drinking, industry and agriculture. Communities around the world are beginning to realize the economic, social, and environmental benefits of water conservation. Planners and water managers are increasingly moving away from supply-side solutions to meet water demand. Instead, they are looking toward long-term, comprehensive water management approaches that will ensure adequate quantities of water for the future. The question remains; will CSR Programs, Environmental Initiatives, and Water Saving Campaigns save our blue planet, or is it already too late?
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B. About the Cheese Industry

Before walking through the Industry of Cheese Production, knowing more about the Cheese itself would be an added value. (cf. Annex1)
Cheese is a generic term for a diverse group of milk-based food products. Cheese is produced in wide-ranging flavors, textures, and forms.
Cheese consists of proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. It is produced by coagulation of the milk protein casein. Typically, the milk is acidified and addition of the enzyme rennet causes coagulation. The solids are separated and pressed into final form. Some cheeses have molds on the rind or throughout. Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.
Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced. Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging. Herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents. The yellow to red color of many cheeses, such as Red Leicester, is normally formed from adding Annatto.
Cheese is valued for its portability, long life, and high content of fat, protein, calcium, and phosphorus. Cheese is more compact and has a longer shelf life than milk, although how long a cheese will keep may depend on the type of cheese; labels on packets of cheese often claim that a cheese should be consumed within three to five days of opening.
A specialist seller of cheese is sometimes known as a Cheesemonger. To become an expert in this field, like cooking, requires some formal education and years of tasting and hands-on experience. This position is typically responsible for all aspects of the cheese inventory; selecting the cheese menu, purchasing, receiving, storage, and ripening.
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Different Types of Cheese:

1. Moisture content (soft to hard)
Categorizing cheeses by firmness is a common but inexact practice. The lines between "soft", "semi-soft", "semi-hard", and "hard" are arbitrary, and many types of cheese are made in softer or firmer variations. The main factor that controls cheese hardness is moisture content, which depends largely on the pressure with which it is packed into molds, and on aging time.
2. Fresh, whey and stretched curd cheeses

The main factor in the categorization of these cheeses is their age. Fresh cheeses without additional preservatives can spoil in a matter of days.
3. Content (double cream, goat, ewe and water buffalo)

Some cheeses are categorized by the source of the milk used to produce them or by the added fat content of the milk from which they are produced. While most of the world's commercially available cheese is made from cows' milk, many parts of the world also produce cheese from goats and sheep. Double cream cheeses are soft cheeses of cows' milk enriched with cream so that their fat content is 60% or, in the case of triple creams, 75%.
4. Soft-ripened and blue-vein

There are at least three main categories of cheese in which the presence of mold is a significant feature: soft ripened cheeses, washed rind cheeses and blue cheeses.
5. Processed cheeses
Processed cheese is made from traditional cheese and emulsifying salts, often with the addition of milk, more salt, preservatives, and food coloring. It is inexpensive, consistent, and melts smoothly. It is sold packaged and either pre-sliced or unsliced, in a number of varieties. It is also available in aerosol cans in some countries. This is the type of La Vache Qui Rit cheese.
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C. Origin of The idea:
BEL's process for continued improvement is aimed at reducing the environmental footprint of its cheese manufacturing, transport and packaging activities. The Group considers each step in the life cycle of its products and it sets priorities for preserving the environment. The Group has carried out life cycle analyses on its core products. They have highlighted four major and very significant environmental impacts at all stages of its products life cycle. The Group has therefore decided to give priority to reducing these impacts through reductions at source.
Figure (5): The Five Stages of BELs Product life cycle that have significant environmental impact
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The BEL Group wishes to contribute to preserving the environment and natural resources throughout its value chain, from supply through to the consumption of its products, including the manufacture, transport and warehousing stages. To achieve this goal it ensures that its suppliers (including dairy producers) and subcontractors have the same ambitions. The water crisis is at the heart of our planets survival. Three targets of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for 2015 directly concern water: managing water responsibly, sharing water resources, and reducing the percentage of the population with no access to a drinking water supply by half. Water stress is already affecting some of the Groups factories, especially in North Africa and the Middle East, and according to some forecasts, almost all could be suffering from water supply problems by 2025. The quantity of water used for production product manufacture, and cleaning installations, is therefore a major concern for the Group. Although the majority of the Groups sites are located in regions where water resources are available, 12% of the Groups total water consumption occurs in regions affected by water vulnerability, stress and shortage. The WASABEL action plans are being run at a faster pace in these regions. Since 2009, the WASABEL project started in the pilot site in Damascus Syria. The project aimed to reduce the water consumption ratio in the cheese manufacturing process from 3.49 Liters / Kilogram of finish product to 2.2 L/Kg. The project was achieving its objectives successfully until the Syrian Civil War took place, then the project was transferred to the 10th of Ramadan City near Cairo in Egypt.
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D. Project Background
The French University in Egypt is a non-profit private university in Egypt Created in 2002 at the initiative of Presidents Hosni Mubarak and Jacques Chirac, the French University is the result of a long history of cooperation between the two countries. The UFE combines both knowledge and academic expertise of the two cultures.
As a pioneer action from the UFE, the Faculty of Management and Information Systems developed the Master Degree of Project Management in Innovation and Entrepreneurship MPMIE in partnership with Nantes University in France.
In the first intake of this master degree and as a part of the program; industrial and individual projects pool was developed to assign projects to students for the Project Implementation Phase of this program. The BEL Group Strategic UFE Partner was represented in the pool of projects by WASABEL Project. The project was assigned to three of MPMIE students; Engy ELMEKKAWY, Amr MATAR, and Mahmoud GOMAA.
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E. Methodology
DMAIC refers to a data-driven improvement cycle used for improving, optimizing and stabilizing business processes and designs. DMAIC is an abbreviation of the five improvement steps: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. All of the DMAIC process steps are required and always proceed in this order:
Define
The purpose of this step is to clearly articulate the business problem, goal, potential resources, project scope and high-level project timeline. This information is typically captured within project charter document. Write down what you currently know. Seek to clarify facts, set objectives and form the project team. Define the following: A problem statement The customer(s) Critical to Quality (CTQs) what are the critical process outputs? The target process subject to DMAIC and other related business processes Project targets or goal Project boundaries or scope A project charter is often created and agreed upon during the Define step.
Measure
The purpose of this step is to objectively establish current baselines as the basis for improvement. This is a data collection step, the purpose of which is to establish process performance baselines. The team decides on what should be measured and how to measure it. It is usual for teams to invest a lot of effort into assessing the suitability of the proposed measurement systems. Good data is at the heart of the DMAIC process: Identify the gap between current and required performance. Collect data to create a process performance capability baseline for the project metric, that is, the process Y(s) (there may be more than one output).
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Assess the measurement system (for example, a gauge study) for adequate accuracy and precision. Establish a high level process flow baseline. Additional detail can be filled in later.
Analyze
The purpose of this step is to identify, validate and select root cause for elimination. A large number of potential root causes (process inputs, X) of the project problem are identified via root cause analysis (for example a fishbone diagram). The top 3-4 potential root causes are selected using multi-voting or other consensus tool for further validation. A data collection plan is created and data are collected to establish the relative contribution of each root causes to the project metric, Y. This process is repeated until "valid" root causes can be identified. It is acceptable to use basic tools if these are appropriate. Of the "validated" root causes, all or some can be: List and prioritize potential causes of the problem Prioritize the root causes (key process inputs) to pursue in the Improve step Identify how the process inputs (Xs) affect the process outputs (Ys). Data is analyzed to understand the magnitude of contribution of each root cause, X, to the project metric, Y. Statistical tests using p-values accompanied by Histograms, Pareto charts, and line plots are often used to do this. Detailed process maps can be created to help pin-point where in the process the root causes reside, and what might be contributing to the occurrence.
Improve
The purpose of this step is to identify, test and implement a solution to the problem; in part or in whole. Identify creative solutions to eliminate the key root causes in order to fix and prevent process problems. Use brainstorming or techniques like Six Thinking Hats and Random Word. Some projects can utilize complex analysis tools like DOE (Design of Experiments), but try to focus on obvious solutions if these are apparent. Create innovative solutions Focus on the simplest and easiest solutions Test solutions using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle
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Based on PDSA results, attempt to anticipate any avoidable risks associated with the "improvement" using FMEA Create a detailed implementation plan Deploy improvements
Control
The purpose of this step is to sustain the gains. Monitor the improvements to ensure continued and sustainable success. Create a control plan. Update documents, business process and training records as required. For the Project Management Processes; the PMI methodology was adopted. Only the Initiation and Planning Processes Groups were used according to the requirements of the project. The Agile Project Management Methodology was also implemented.
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G. Concepts and Tools

1. Brainstorming; used for:
Washing process improvement Marketing Plan for Marketing ideas Social Awareness Plan Stakeholders Mapping Empathy Map Development
2. Mind Mapping; used for:

Project Planning Project Integration Washing Process Mapping Integrated Marketing Communication Plan
3. Six Thinking Hats; used for:

Washing Process Improvements Validation Origin of the Idea
4. Empathy Map; used for:

Stakeholders Analysis
5. Trend Board; used for:

Marketing Plan
6. SWOT Analysis; used for:

Strategic Planning and Direction
7. PESTEL Analysis; used for:

Strategic Analysis
8. Work Breakdown Structure WBS; used for:

Operational Plan
9. Financial Tools used; Net Present Value, Profitability Index, Payback Period.
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H. Strategizing the Idea

1. Strategic Foundation
Mission
Our mission is to reduce the water consumption to 1 liter of water in 1 kilogram of Chees Finish Product by reengineering the industrial processes, and raising the employees awareness towards water consumption in a way that not only maximizes the water value in the corporate mindset, but improves employees practices and operations performance as well, so that BEL EGYPT would be the benchmark among all BEL factories in the next 5 years.
Vision
Our vision is reducing the environmental footprint of all the groups activities, whether directly or indirectly related to manufacturing of BELs products.
Objectives
1) Reducing the liters of Water used in the Kilogram of finish product to 1 liter of water per 1 Kilogram of cheese. 2) Reducing the cost of finish products by reducing the water consumption in the manufacturing process. 3) Benchmarking the BEL Egypt Factory in water consumption among all BEL Factories.
Core Values
Ethics: Construct a responsible company by placing honesty, fairness and integrity at the center of our employees day-to-day actions and behavior. Showing respect for its colleagues, stakeholders and general environment, and setting a good example are other key elements constituting BELs code of ethics. The spirit of innovation: Daring to act and take risks in order to strike a fair balance between financial and Sustainable Development considerations. It is by exploring new approaches, Heightening their curiosity and unleashing their creative spirit that BEL employees will make our CSR commitments a true driver for growth. Enthusiasm: To surpass oneself when taking on the business, social and environmental challenges the Group faces. Competence: To develop and improve individual and collective performance consistent with the Groups desire to promote sustainable growth.
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Cohesion: Working together with shared CSR goals and ambitions, where each employee feels he or she is making a contribution
Key Success Factors KSFs:

1) Effective Employees Awareness Programs. 2) Empowering Employees for continuous development and innovation of daily operations involving water consumption. 3) In detailed Analysis of Manufacturing Processes. 4) Adopting Advanced technologies in Water Treatment and Water Saving. 5) Involving Water Consumption Consultants in the Project. 6) Exchange of Experience among other Benchmarked BEL Factories.
Key Performance Indicators KPIs:

1) The Amount of Water Consumption in BEL Egypt Factory. 2) The Cost of Water Consumption in BEL Egypt Factory. 3) Degree of Stakeholders Environmental Awareness.
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2. Stakeholders Analysis
i. Stakeholders Mapping
The BEL Group has identified its major stakeholders and has mapped them out according to their ranking as shown below. They are broken out in order of their importance to BEL (the concentric circles) and the type of relationship that they have with the BEL Group (business, social, financial, public and societal spheres).
Figure (6): The BEL Group Stakeholders map - BEL Group CSR Annual Report of 2012.
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The above diagram shows all BEL Group Stakeholders who are affected positively or negatively by BEL Group business values and transactions. As a project and a part of the BEL Group; WASABEL has its own list of stakeholders that are affected in both positive and negative ways by the project values and objectives. In the following table we will discuss each stakeholder, the areas of interest, and the areas of influence.
ii.
Stakeholders Register:
Stakeholder
Employees
Areas of Interest
Safety and well-being at work. Empowerment. Career development and employability. Share success Packaging information. Media communications (TV, press, radio, etc.). Websites of the Groups brands. Social networks Customer services General shareholders meeting Board of Directors vision shared about environment. Shareholder communications and notices about environmental actions impact on BELs Financial Aspect. Annual Group presentation. Press releases. Institutions Financial Analysis. BEL Environmental Plans and Projects. Representation in professional bodies.
Areas of Influence
Implementation of People First social charter. Work Environment Improvement. See the Environmental Footprint and Responsible Communication and consumption pillars for details on the actions taken.
Consumers
Shareholders
Publication of CSR reporting in accordance with Article 225 of the Grenelle II law. Presentation of the CSR program to members of the Board of Directors.
Financial Institutions and Investors Civil Society / NGOs Professional Organizations
Publication of CSR reporting in accordance with Article 225 of the Grenelle II law. Presentation of the CSR program to members of the Board of Directors. BEL Environmental Policy. Environmental Projects Contribution. Acknowledgement and Work Accreditation. Groups contribution to projects. Involvement of employees in the working groups. Partnerships and Cooperation.
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Academic World
Public Authorities
Meetings Participating at forums (schools, universities, etc.) Industrial Process Research. Environmental Research. Participating in working groups. Involved in Technology Knowledge and Experience. Complying with governmental Rules and Regulations. Environmentally Friendly Products and Policies. Press conferences Press releases Various types of communication at all levels (Group, local, brands).
Partnerships and research projects with individuals from the academic world (schools, universities, etc.) Internships and apprentice programs. Participating in public programs and campaigns (for example, in France the Group has signed voluntary nutritional improvement charters within the context of the National Health and Nutrition Program). Environmental policy. Local good citizenship and solidarity actions. Communication management by the Groups communications Department.
Local Communities Media
Source: BEL Group CSR Annual Report of 2012.
After getting to know all WASABEL Stakeholders, their areas of interests, and the areas of influences, understanding in depth the Projects Stakeholder is very important to understand the following questions: 1) How do they think? 2) What do they think about? 3) What do they hear? 4) Who do they listen to? 5) What do they say? 6) What do they do? The right and deep understanding of the Projects Stakeholders, gives the WASABEL Project Manager the knowledge and ability to meet all stakeholders expectations, understand their interests, and influence them according to the situation. Answering the above questions will require using the Empathy Map tool to analyze all about the stakeholders. With an Empathy map, you can collaborate with your stakeholders or your own internal team taking the perspective of your customers or business partners to strategically analyze the desires and needs of those important to your company, and to uncover ways to improve your product or service.
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The Empathy Map is applicable to any business, as it provides insight into key players who are necessary for your companys success. Learn how to provide a better user experience by viewing the perspective of your stakeholders and identifying how to improve what they see, hear, think, gain, and are challenged by. In the following section the Empathy Map will answer the above questions about the WASABEL Project stakeholders.
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iii.
Stakeholders Empathy Map:
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Figure (7): Stakeholders Empathy Map
3. PESTEL Analysis
i. Political Perspective
In early 2011, the world witnessed the Egyptian revolution, since then, the Egyptian regime is facing massive demonstrations which are leading to a political instability. We wondered then; what will be next for Egypt and who will take charge. The Egyptians thought transmitting the power to the Supreme Council of Army Force for a short period of time will be the correct decision to make, as the SCAF is the one who can protect the country from internal and external invasions, till transferring the authority to a civilian elected person, which will be the first time in the Egyptian History to happen. Things didnt go fine during the SCAF period, as Egyptians didnt recognize any changes in the regime, and they didnt feel that any of the revolution objectives are into serious action plan. Not only that, but also they had to agree on constitutional reforms in order to pass the current situation, which have led to another uprising conflicts among the Egyptians. During the middle of 2012 the SCAF was obliged to transfer the authority and to make the presidential elections. The elections ended up by having Dr. Mohamed Morsi in office and the Freedom and Justice Party, the political arm of the Muslim Brotherhood, in charge of Egypt. Political analysts describe the current period as being worth, the Egyptians are afraid of a civilian war that might happened if the power is not distributed among the different political factions in Egypt. The current situation doesnt put Egypt as a potential country for foreign investments or attract tourists, as Egypt is considered a high risk country from an Investment and Security perspective. But still the current regime is prospecting prosperity during the upcoming years.
Nile water situation:

The water issue and Aswan dam are considered as a national security matter from the Egyptian governments. The Nile Basin Initiative (NBL) is a partnership among the countries that share the Nile, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of
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Congo. The member countries have signed agreement that describe each country share of the Nile water. Now Egypt is threatened by Entebbe Agreement; Nowadays countries like Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda want to build new dams in order to save a bigger share of the Nile water, they are trying to push the member countries to sign a new agreement (Entebbe). This agreement will change the member countries share of water. Egypt and Sudan rejected the agreement as they will be considered as the countries from which the water share will be reduced. If the agreement is imposed on the Egypt to sign it, that could lead to a serious conflict among member countries, as the Nile is the main source of water for the Egyptians. The member countries are trying to negotiate the agreement with the different Egyptian governments, but negotiations always tend to fail at the end.
ii.
Economical Perspective:
More than two years after 2011 revolution, Egypt struggles to recover as political and social instability continue to affect the economy. Egypt's expansion has been slowing down and reached 2.2 percent in the last three months of 2012, after a growth rate of 5 percent was calculated during 2011. Political instability is threatening existing investments and tourism revenues. In fact, foreign investments havent existed during the second half of 2012. To make things even worse, the Egyptian Economy faces a serious foreign currency shortage, prompted by the fall of the Egyptian pound to record its lowest rates against the U.S. dollar. Currency devaluation leads to a shortage in fuel and food. More importantly, negotiations with the IMF over a $4.8 billion loan are still depending on the government capacity to implement the needed economic reforms. The reform would affect the consumed good, starting by the luxurious one.
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Credit Rating institutes:

A. Moody's Investors Service: The firm Downgraded Egypt's government bond ratings to Caa1 going down from B3. Moodys comments have shown the following: 1. More than two years into the Egyptian revolution, the continued unsettled political conditions have significantly weakened Egypt's economy. 2. The lack of predictability in economic and fiscal policies and outcomes, which is underscored by continued uncertainty surrounding the Egyptian government's ability to secure financial support from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). B. Stander & Poors Rating Service: They have downgraded the local and foreign currency rating to be a B-. That is because of the data already given.
Variable indices:
1. Egypts External debt has achieved the highest rate in the history of the Egyptian economy, with a debt of 35 Billion dollar. Still the current regime is seeking to approach foreign countries in order to attract loans agreements. 2. Export/Import index is shown in the rate of 43%. 3. Foreign Exchange reserve is decreasing with an aggressive curve which leads to the closure of the official forex market and the price increase of the foreign currencies in the black market.
Egypt Interest and inflation rate:

The following graph present the interest and inflation rate from 2006 till the 1st quarter of 2013
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Figure (8): Egypt Interest and Inflation Rate Graph
We can recognize the following happened during the last three years: Interest rate records a variance between 4% to 14% with an average of 9.5%. Central bank has increased the interest rate during the last quarter because of the increase in in the inflation rates. Starting the 2nd quarter of 2013 Egyptians bank has an average interest rate of 12%. The inflation rate achieved an interest of 8.25% during the 1st year of the revolution. A high jump was recorded from the start of the demonstration toward the supreme council of army force (SCAF). Another stability period has been maintained during the 1st quarter of President Morsis inauguration. The inflation rate was on the rise since November of 2012 till date, the inflation recorded a rate of 10% at the end of the 1st quarter of 2013.
iii.
Social Perspective:
People in Egypt are constrained with many religious, traditional and societal aspects that control their social daily life. To the kings and queens of ancient Egypt, the Nile was the River of Life, the source of fertility and wealth. Today the Nile remains a river of fascination, an endless source of romance, pleasure and discovery. The Nile has played, along history, a role of being a social club for all Egyptians. Many traditions were developed in Egyptian daily life. For instance in the south, the day after wedding ceremony, the bride and groom walk to the Nile, with the rest of the village in procession. The couple enters the water, where they wash their hands and feet. The crowd on the bank cheers, and tries to splash the couple. Entering the Nile water is a very important symbolic act in the marriage ceremonies. Women are still often seen washing their
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utensils on canal banks though they have water tube water network at their residence, just to have woman Village Company. Egyptians, as religious people, drive lots of their culture features from their beliefs. Islam has deepened the basic belief of water importance through the text of Quran confirming that all living organisms are originated from water. Also, Prophet Mohammad emphasized in words the importance of water in hygiene and Body Purity. The Bible referred that God instructed Prophet Moses to strike a rock, and out of this linty hardness lowed sufficient water to meet the needs of all the people and their livestock. The Bible writers later saw this rock as a symbol of Christ. In short; Water in Egypt is perceived across different social classes as Source of Hygiene, Living, and Happiness.
iv.
Technological Perspective:
Water Treatment, Reuse, Filtration, and desalinization are advanced technologies that are commonly used internationally. In Egypt; those technologies are newly uprising in the industrial sector. Due to the high cost of this technology it is not yet widely spread in in factories. The Private Sector in Egypt started to provide the market with the latest technologies of water saving and water treatment units, yet those private companies are penetrating the market slowly due to the Low ROI of the environmental investments. Other reasons that are preventing factories from adopting those technologies are: 1) High Cost Technologies. 2) Incompatibility of the Technology with the existing Factories Infrastructure. 3) Limitations in land Spaces for factories. 4) Unavailable budgets for environmental projects. 5) Absence of Corporate Social Responsibility Programs with Environmental Objectives. 6) Unenforced Government Environmental Regulations in the Industrial Sector.
v.
Environmental Perspective:
Egypt is recognized to be one of the highest polluted countries. Cairo is ranked no. 9 according to the Pollution index in 2013 setting a score of 93.36 (http://www.numbeo.com). Egyptians rely on the Nile to be the main source of water for the daily use. Nowadays the Nile water is considered as unhealthy for human use because of the high level of pollution found in it.
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The water should go through many filtration processes of water treatment before being pumped in the drinking water network. In the origin, sources of pollutants are from agricultural, industry, and household waste. There are 36 industries that discharge their wastes directly into the Nile, and 41 into irrigation canals. These types of industries are: chemical, electrical, engineering, fertilizers, food, metal, mining, oil and soap, pulp and paper, refractory, textile and wood. The northeast Nile Delta region has a high incident rate of pancreatic cancer that is believed to be from high levels of heavy metals found in the soil and water. Between Aswan High Dam and Cairo approximately 2500 villages discharge their wastes to the Nile. Expansion of water supply networks without the parallel construction of sewage systems, or the rehabilitation of existing systems has led to serious water pollution problems. Egyptian civilization utilizes water management and agriculture for more of 5000 years in the Nile. The Egyptians practiced basin irrigation; the agriculture sector is the largest consumer of water using 85% of clean available water resources. Most water pollution control projects implemented in Egypt have been made by the Civil Society and Public Communities. Within the private sector, few industrial waste water treatment projects have been set up, since environmental regulations are not enforced effectively. The new environmental law will require plant owners to filter their discharges, so the industrial waste water situation is likely to improve. Besides finding new water sources; some experts in the water management field suggested the water saving as another strategy in national water management to face the continuous growth of water consumption levels. They have suggested also the use of the non-renewable groundwater and the desalinization of seawater. Environmental Friendly Industry Awareness is not well developed in Egypt. The importance of business management goes towards achieving sales targets rather than considering the Planet. Environmental Projects Investments are yet available but with low budgets and importance.
vi.
Legal Perspective:
Concern for the environment has been growing in recent years, both in the government and among the Egyptian public, thanks to a new awareness of the importance of natural resources as well as a
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desire to protect the welfare of the Egyptian people. Environmental Law No. 4 of 1994 reflects this growing trend. The law grants incentives to those who implement environmental protection activities or projects and enforces penalties against those who violate its provisions. Egypt is a signatory to various conventions concerning environment protection, among which are the following: The Environmental Modification Convention; The African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer; The Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships; The Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution; The Brussels Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage; The Moscow Treaty for Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere.
The Environment Law of Egypt No. 4 / 1994 that is amended by Law No. 9 / 2009 have a greater role with respect to all governmental sectors as a whole. The law has been designated as the highest coordinating body in the field of the environment that will formulate the general policy and prepare the necessary plans for the protection and promotion of the environment. Also, it will follow-up the implementation of such plans with competent administrative authorities. (cf. Annex 2)
Source: Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Website http://www.eeaa.gov.eg
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4. SWOT Analysis
i. SWOT Matrix:
The SWOT Analysis is performed prior the beginning of the project in order to analyze, evaluate, and identify the current situation of the project and how will the second phase go. The elements in each section will give a detailed understanding of every perspective in the project (Economic, Political, Environmental, Societal, Technological), help the team identify strategic directions and decisions, and guarantee the participation of all point of views of the team members in what are the strengths that we should focus on, the weaknesses that we should work on improving, the opportunities that we should invest to achieve higher success rates and the threats that might affect the performance, the deliverables of the project. Below is the matrix that includes the four sections of the SWOT Analysis for WASABEL Second Phase Project.
Table (1): SWOT Analysis for prior the beginning of WASABEL Project Second Phase.
Strengths
S1 Well Defined Manufacturing Processes. S2 High Quality and Safety Measures in all manufacturing processes. S3 Qualified Technical Staff and Workers. S4 Presence of an Assigned Employee for Water Saving Practices. S5 Available Water Consumption Data. S6 Project was implemented previously in Syria. S7 The Project is a part of a Strategic Group Program. S8 Availability of a Water Consumption Consultant from France. S9 Availability of Experience about the Project from the First Phase. S10 Availability of Project Management Knowledge and Experience in the new team. S11 The Application of Lean First Phase.
Weaknesses
W1 No Team Assigned for WASABEL Before the W2 No Project Management Methodology was previously implemented. W3 No Exchanged Experience with Other Factories in the Region. W4 Project Management Team has no Technical Experience about Cheese Manufacturing Business. W5 No Team Experience about Water Consumption Practices. W6 An Environmental Project that has High Payback Period (Long ROI Period). W7 Environmental Projects are Long term projects. W8 Social Responsibility Perspective was not considered before in the Project.
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manufacturing Practices in BEL Group. S12 Available budget for the Project. S13 Increased Profitability Due to Water Cost Saving. S14 Willingness of Employees to contribute in the Project.
Opportunities
O1 Other BEL Factories have Experiences about WASABEL Project in the Region. O2 Top Management Openness to Environmental Projects. O3 International and Local Water Saving Organizations Existence. O4 Availability of Water Treatment and Water Saving Technology Providers. O5 Existence of Academic Universities in the field of Project Management.
Threats
T1 Change of Industrial Water Rate. T2 Water Stress / Water Supply Crises. T3 Political Disturbances. T4 Economic Imbalances.
Strengths:
S1 Well Defined Manufacturing Processes:
In BEL Egypt, all production and manufacturing processes are well defined, mapped and documented. In the case of our project, this helped the project management team to understand all water consuming processing in BEL Egypt quickly and effectively.
S2 Hig3h Quality and Safety Measures:

During our Study and Analysis of BEL manufacturing processes, the High Levels and Standards of Quality and Safety measures were clearly applied and followed in all the processes. Those standards and levels of Quality and Safety guarantee a reliable and concrete processes that are main elements of study, thus ensure an effective analysis and evaluation outcomes.
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S3 Qualified Technical Staff and Workers:

The Technical Staff and Workers are characterized by a High to Medium Level of Education, which assures an efficient and a common understanding among all Staff and Workers, and with the Project Management team as well. This affected all communication practices positively.
S4 Presence of an Assigned Employee for Water Saving Practices:

A Project Manager for WASABEL is assigned by the Industrial Director to plan for and execute all project activities. The WASABEL Project Manager acts as the interface with the BEL Group Water Consumption Consultant in France and also with all WASABEL Project Managers all around BEL Group. The Responsibility and commitment of the Project Manager assigned ensures the success of the project.
S5 Available Water Consumption Data:

BEL Egypt Factory water pipeline network is supported with Water Flow Meters that measure the water consumption for most of the water outlets in the Factory. This helped the Project Team to collect real time data about water consumption in different areas in the factory, which helped in defining the areas of high water consumption. Hence, the identification of the procedures and practices of water consumption saving.
S6 Project was implemented previously in Syria:

The WASABEL Project was previously implemented in Syria under the supervision of the Present Industrial Director of BEL Egypt Factory; therefore a lot of Data, Knowledge and Experience are available with the WASABEL Project Manager in Egypt. This will in return help to learn from the previous experiences and obstacles that faced the project in Syria.
S7 The Project is a part of a Strategic Group Program:

The Environmental Impact is one of five Pillars of the Corporate Social Responsibility in BEL Group, and WASABEL is one of the projects that lie under the Environmental Impact pillar. This gives the local project an international focus and importance, which will give all staff and workers more confidence and responsibility for the project.
S8 Availability of a Water Consumption Consultant from France:

The BEL Group assigned a Water Consumption to support All WASABEL Teams in the group. The water consumption consultant is very important to assist in assessing alternatives and areas of
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improvements and to identify the best options and application for water saving, which gives the WASABEL Team a technical support in the area of water consumption saving.
S9 Availability of Experience about the Project from the First Phase:

The WASABEL project was first launched in 2010; the project achieved success in the first phase and was capable of decreasing the water consumption ratio from 3.34 to 2.24 in two years. The efficient practices and management of the first phase will give the second phase team the knowledge and confidence to achieve higher success rates in the second phase.
S10 Availability of Project Management Knowledge and Experience in the second phase:
One of the key success factors that will help achieve higher success rates in the second phase is the availability of a project management knowledge and Experience by the UFE Team. This will help provide suitable and professional tools and techniques to plan, implement and control the project more effectively.
S11 The Application of Lean manufacturing Practices in BEL Group:

BEL Egypt Factory is already ongoing an implementation of a lean Management Program called BOOST which focuses on quality and eliminating waste in manufacturing practices. This Program is integrated with our Project of Saving Water (WASABEL).
S12 Available budget for the Project:

The WASABEL Project has an assigned budget of 800000 EUR that is initially assigned for the project. The budget is ready and can be used immediately.
S13 Increased Profitability Due to Water Cost Saving:

The water is considered as a main component in the cheese production in both ingredients and industrial processes. The Product Profitability will increase due to the saving in cost for the saved water volumes.
S14 Willingness of Employees to contribute in the Project:

The Willingness of Employees to contribute in the project will help while emphasizing the social and environmental perspectives of the project. It will also help changing and improving employees practices in water consumption.
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Weaknesses
W1 No Team Assigned for WASABEL before the First Phase:
The WASABEL Project was implemented by the Project Manager according to assigned tasks to related staff. There was no a team of the project with cross functional experience and integrated point of views. The implementation of a project with a single team player made the project miss a lot of perspectives such as financial, societal and economical perspectives.
W2 No Project Management Methodology was previously implemented:

The first phase of the project didnt adopt any project management methodologies that are known with its efficiency and productivity. This caused the project to miss a lot of important success factors such as Scope Management, Quality Management, Risk Management, and Procurement Management.
W3 No Exchanged Experience with Other Factories in the Region:

The WASABEL project is launched in many BEL factories in the region and no visits from BEL Egypt Factory was done to other factories to exchange experience about WASABEL and water saving practices that are implemented in the other factories. This would have been a key success factor to achieve higher rates from the ones already achieved.
W4 Project Management Team has no Technical Experience about Cheese Manufacturing Business:
The Project Management Team UFE Team is composed of three team members that are from Financial, IT and Business Administration backgrounds. They all lack the technical experience of Cheese Manufacturing. Therefore, the deep understanding and studying of the cheese manufacturing process was mandatory at the beginning of the project.
W5 No Team Experience about Water Consumption Practices:

None of the team members have any experience or even basic knowledge about water consumption saving practices. The BEL Group assigned a consultant to help the team, but the consultant wasnt full time available to coach and assist the team. The consultant was available through annual visits and virtual meetings only.
W6 An Environmental Project that has Long Payback Period (Long ROI Period):
One of the success measures of any project is the Short payback period of the project, which is not the case in most of the environmental projects. The environmental projects are projects with long payback period that reduces the impact of the industry on the planet from environmental perspectives in the first place, later comes the societal and economic impacts.
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W7 Environmental Projects are Long term projects:

Long term projects are projects that tend to fail due to team performance idleness, over budgeting, inefficient resources control, and improper milestone assignment. Lon term projects need to be divided into phases, with clear and defined objectives for each phase.
W8 Social Responsibility Perspective was not considered before in the first phase:
The Social Responsibility, awareness, and Interaction of the BEL Employees with the project were not considered in the first phase of the project. The consideration of this perspective has a huge effect on the project due to the human interaction with the manufacturing processes.
Opportunities
O1 Other BEL Factories Experiences about WASABEL Project in the Region:
The Experience of other factories in the BEL Group will be very helpful for Egypts factory. The sharing of the project data and information will help not to reinvent the wheel in reengineering the manufacturing processes and the human practices to save water.
O2 Top Management Openness to Environmental Projects:

The BEL Group Top Management is open to the Environmental Projects importance which will be very supportive for the local factories to implement the projects goals and objectives. The Project Manager of WASABEL has the full support and privileges
O3 International and Local Water Saving Organizations Existence:

BEL Egypt Factory can perform partnerships and experience exchange with International and Local organizations to benefit from the Water Saving Best Practices that should be followed in the industrial sector, data collections and statistics about water resources and usages in countries, or involving the Civil Society Organizations to share knowledge and Consultancy services about Water Saving Field.
O4 Availability of Water Treatment and Water Saving Technology Providers:

The Private Sector in Egypt hosts a lot of Water Treatment and Water Saving Technology Providers that can assist in the achievement of WASABEL Objectives. The water reuse, treatment, and filtration are all practices that reduce the amount of water used per kilogram of product.
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O5 Existence of Academic Universities in the field of Project Management:

There are many academic schools and universities in Egypt that is specialized in the field of Project management such as the UFE. The partnership and cooperation with those academic universities such as in our case can benefit the project.
Threats
T1 Change of Industrial Water Rate:
Due to the water supply crises the government may adopt some strict practices to enforce the industrial sector to reduce the water consumption volumes such as increasing the Industrial Water Rates. Although the WASABEL Project is an Environmental Project, but the financial aspects including the payback period, Net Present Value (NPV), and the profitability index will be affected negatively.
T2 Water Stress / Water Supply Crisis:

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) classified Egypt as a country with shortage in the resources of water. The FAO numbers show that Egypt is one of the countries that has below 1000 m3/hab/Year. The World Economic Forum (WEF) also showed that the Water Supply Crisis is one of the Major Global Risks that are facing the World especially the developmental countries including Egypt. In the WASABEL project, all water resources are based on the Industrial City Water, and to face this crisis the BEL Factory in Egypt will have to find other resources of water that are integrated with the existing Water Pipeline Network in the Factory infrastructure such as Well Water.
T3 Political Disturbances:
The Rising Arab Spring Tide that is affecting all the Middle East and especially Egypt in the 25th of January 2011 are affecting the political stability and balance. The Political instability that is taking place in Egypt due to the parliament elections and the change in the Governmental Regime are main factors in causing economic, financial, security and societal imbalances in the Egyptian Society. The Daily and Continuous protesting of workers in the governmental and industrial sectors are also main key factors of affecting the life of every Egyptian. The Political Disturbances are ongoing and Egypt is still facing more in the upcoming few years due to the political conflicts among the Islamists and the Liberalists.
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T4 Economic Imbalances:
The Political Disturbances Egypt is facing since the 25th of 2011 until now affected the Industrial Domain in all sectors. The Termination of Companies Activities, Lowering of Wages, Employees Capacity Reduction, and Lowering Industrial Production Volumes due to shortage in Fuel Supply are practices that were followed during the last two years in the industrial domain in Egypt. The increase of taxes and customs on both Imports and Exports might be other factors that affect the Economic Perspective of the Project. All the above factors might force the BEL Group to reduce the project budget as a cost saving policy. After listing and describing all the elements in the SWOT Matrix, further interaction and correlation will be implemented on the elements to find out strategies to deal with Weaknesses and Threats. Those strategies are called SWOT Driven Strategies.
ii. SWOT Driven Strategies:

1) S-T STRATEGIES: In this type, the strategy is to try eliminating or reducing the External Threats using the identified Strengths. This strategy is not applicable on the SWOT Analysis elements identified above.
2) S-O STRATEGIES This strategy helps in getting use of the strengths identified to get advantage of the external opportunities in the SWOT Analysis. The following table shows the utilization of 6 of the Projects strengths to get use of external existing opportunities.
Strengths
S1 Well Defined Manufacturing Processes.
Opportunities
O3 International and Local Water Saving Organizations Existence.
Description
Introducing the manufacturing processes to researchers, academics, consultants in Civil
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O4 Availability of Water Treatment and Water Saving Technology Providers. O5 Existence of Academic Universities in the field of Project Management. S4 Assigned Employee for Water Saving Practices WASABEL Manager. O1 Other BEL Factories have Experiences about WASABEL Project in the Region.
Society organizations, and the Private Sector expertise may help BEL Egypt to develop or reengineer the manufacturing processes for better water consumption volumes. The WASABEL Manager can share and exchange information with different Group Factories. The soul responsibility of the experience exchange is an excellent opportunity to have a wide perspective about the project then communicate this experience to the WASABEL Team.
S5 Available Water Consumption Data.
O4 Availability of Water Treatment and Water Saving Technology Providers. O5 Existence of Academic Universities in the field of Project Management.
Introducing the Water Consumption Data to analysts, academics, and the Private Sector consultants will help BEL Egypt Factory have professional point of views and opinions about the data collected.
S9 Availability of Experience about the Project from the First Phase.
O5 Existence of Academic Universities in the field of Project Management.
Sharing the previous experience with academics and university project managers can help BEL increase the learning curve of the project, which will support achieving the objectives in the second phase.
S12 Available budget for the
O4 Availability of Water
The budget availability gives
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Project.
Treatment and Water Saving Technology Providers.
the Project Manager an advantage to introduce technologies of water treatment and water saving to BEL Factory. The Private sector can play an important role in this part.
S13 Increased Profitability Due to Water Cost Saving.
The Increased profitability due to water cost saving can be redirected to the research sector in the academic universities. The main objective of the research work is to find better solutions for saving water.
3) W-O STRATEGIES
This strategy helps in getting advantage of the identified opportunities to eliminate or overcome weaknesses. In the below table weaknesses and opportunities are correlated to emphasize the concept of this strategy. This strategy helped eliminating 5 of 8 weaknesses in the SWOT Analysis
Weaknesses
W2 No Project Management Methodology was previously implemented.
Opportunities
Description
By doing partnerships with academic universities that are specialized in the field of project management, BEL Egypt can introduce Project Management Consultants or Team to the Project.
W3 No Exchanged Experience with Other Factories in the Region.
O1 Other BEL Factories have Experiences about WASABEL Project in the Region.
Arranging for Experience Exchange visits or Cyclic Meetings for WASABEL Project Managers in the region will help in the knowledge
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transfer of the WASABEL Project among its managers. W5 No Team Experience about Water Consumption Practices. O3 International and Local Water Saving Organizations Existence. BEL Egypt can benefit from the experience the Civil Society has about Water Saving by inviting Water Consumption Consultants from Local or International Organizations to share knowledge and experience about Water Saving Practices. W6 An Environmental Project that has High Payback Period (Long ROI Period). O2 Top Management Openness to Environmental Projects. The Top Management in BEL Group understands the Project Type and Objectives and will put that in consideration in performance evaluation and reports. W7 Environmental Projects are Long term projects. O2 Top Management Openness to Environmental Projects. The Top Management in BEL Group understands the Project Type and Objectives and will put that in consideration in performance evaluation and reports.
4) W-T STRATEGIES: This strategy helps in eliminating or diminishing the effect of weaknesses and threats on the project by developing mitigation actions. This strategy helped in diminishing the effect of 2 weaknesses and 2 threats that was previously listed in the SWOT Analysis.
Element
W1 No Team Assigned for WASABEL Before the First Phase.
Description
Assigning cross-functional team will enhance the performance of the project due to different experiences in all project aspects.
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W4 Project Management Team has no Technical Experience about Cheese Manufacturing Business. T1 Change of Industrial Water Rate.
Developing an intense Technical induction program about cheese manufacturing processes to be introduced and communicated to the Project Management team. Forecasting and Predicting the Water Rates increase to support the financial analysis with mitigation plans.
T2 Water Stress / Water Supply Crisis.
Evaluating and Finding Alternatives of City Water such as using Well Water as was the case in Syria.
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5. Constraints Analysis:
Constraints Analysis aims to identify all assumptions and constraints that may affect the project and whether those assumptions and constraints may be converted into project risks or not. The outcome of this analysis will help the team know what obstacles the project may face in the future and how to find ideas and solutions to overcome those obstacles. Could it Prove False? (Y / N) Would it affect the project? (Y / N) Convert to Risk? (Y / N)
No.
Assumption / Constraint
Qualified Technical Staff capable of innovative processes reengineering.
Project Budget is 100000 EUR.
Advanced Water Treatment Technologies for effective and yet small sized units should be applied. High technology of Water Flow meters for accurate and real time measurement of Water Flows should be applied. Installation of Advanced Cheese Cooking Machines with CIP Cleaning Technologies.
Project Second Phase should be completed before the end of 2014.
Project Done in Cooperation with UFE Team.
Reducing Water Ratio to 2.2Liters/1Kg.
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Reduction in Cheese Production Cost.
Further analysis for each constraint will be discussed in details as following: 1) Qualified Technical Staff capable of innovative processes reengineering; the process reengineering by finding alternative solutions that save water is a very important factor in achieving the WASABEL Project Objectives. Finding the Qualified staff for this mission is not an easy thing to do; this constraint has low probability of failure which turns to be a Low Risk. As a preventive action for this risk, an external consultant can be invited to the factory to suggest and recommend alternative solutions for existing manufacturing processes. 2) Project Budget is 100000 EUR; Expensive Water Technologies used and increasing prices of tools and equipment may cause shortage in project budget, and this consequently may affect the progression of the project. This is considered as High Risk. As a preventive action for this risk, a fast decision of tools and equipment procurement should be done and a long term financial payment plans should be negotiated with technology providers.
3) Advanced Water Treatment Technologies for effective and yet small sized units should be applied; the use of this advanced technologies will increase the success rates of the WASABEL Project. This technology is yet rare and expensive in Egypt. This is considered as Low Risk. 4) High technology of Water Flow meters for accurate and real time measurement of Water Flows should be applied; using this high technology will for sure increase the measurement accuracy and so will increase the data analysis and interpretation efficiency. The project will perform better but will not stop if this technology is not provided. This is not considered as risk.
5) Installation of Advanced Cheese Cooking Machines with CIP Cleaning Technologies; using Advanced Cheese Creaming Cookers with CIP Technology will decrease the amounts of water used in washing the already existing manual washing creaming units. This is considered as Medium Risk.
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6) Project Second Phase should be completed before the end of 2014; the project objectives should be met by the end of 2014, not meeting the time frame wont affect the success of the project. This is considered as Low Risk.
7) Project done in cooperation with UFE Team; this is done as an academic university partnership program. The project can continue by the same performance of the first phase without the Project Management knowledge. This is not considered as Risk.
8) Reducing Water Ratio to 2.2Liters/1Kg; this is one of the main two objectives of the WASABEL Egypt project, not meeting this objective means the failure of the project. This is considered as High Risk. As a preventive action for this risk, all water consuming processes should be measured effectively then prioritized process improvement action plan is developed using Pareto Analysis.
9) Reduction in Cheese Production Cost; this is an indirect objective of the project. The water is considered as a main ingredient and it should be consumed wisely. Saving water means saving money. This is considered as a Low Risk.
The detailed description of Constraints gives a deeper understanding about all WASABEL perspectives that might affect the performance or the success of the project.
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I. Marketing Plan
A trend board is a type of bonding that can consist of images, text and objects according to the choice of its creator. Also called "mood boards", trend boards can be used by anyone to develop his concepts and to communicate with other team members. They are used to enlarge the field of thinking that a team builds while thinking, brainstorming or planning by collecting on a board everything related whether directly or indirectly to the subject idea. Below is a trend board that we created while brainstorming for the WASABEL marketing plan.
Figure (9): WASABEL Trend Board
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1) Competitive Analysis
The Competition in the Triangle processed cheese market includes a lot of manufacturers such as: 1) President 2) Milkana 3) Anchor 4) Labanita 5) Faragello 6) Taema 7) ElHalooba 8) Dairy 9) Panda 10) Wagbety The above are of both Direct and Indirect Types. Some are registered trademarks that are owned by local cheeses manufacturers and others are local cheese manufacturer. In some cases, More than a trademark is owned by the same Company targeting different market segments. President and Taema are both owned by Best Cheese Company that is targeting different customer segments with those two products to gain higher market share as a Company. Anchor is a registered mark that is owned by Arab Dairy Products Co. which is a local cheese manufacturer targeting the upper medium market. The brand is originally owned by Fonterra Company in New Zealand. Other companies are local companies that are targeting weaker financial power market segments (Class C and D) such as Dairy, Wagbety, ElHalooba, Faragello, and Labanita. In the Competitive Analysis the companies that were chosen to be studied are those companies that are targeting the Class A Market Segment. The criteria of choice was mainly defined according the product price and distribution areas. The Competitive Analysis among La Vacche Qui Rit, President, Milkana, and Anchor:
FACTOR LA VACHE QUI RIT La vache qui rit Packs sizes: 1) 8 Triangles 2) 16 Triangles 3) 24 Triangles 4) 32 Triangles 5) 48 Triangles PRESIDENT President Triangles packs: 1) 8 Triangles 2) 16 Triangles 3) 24 Triangles 4) 32 Triangles 5) 48 Triangles MILKANA Milkana Triangles packs: 1) 8 Triangles 2) 16 Triangles 3) 24 Triangles 4) 32 triangles 5) 48 Triangles ANCHOR Anchor Triangles packs: 1) 8 Triangles
Products
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8T = 5.25 EGP 16T = 10.20 EGP 24T = 14.45 EGP 32T = 19.45 EGP 48T = 27.45 EGP Taste: High Packaging: Medium Promotion: High Display: High Distribution: High BEL Egypt Doesnt support a clear way of communication to receive customer complaints or suggestions. The customer service contact can be done through the International BEL Gourp website. La Vache Qui Rit is produced in Egypt since 1998 until 2013 with increasing production rates and has the highest exports in Egypt for 2010, 2011 and 2012. 8T = 4.75 EGP 16T = 9.5 EGP 24T = 12.45 EGP 32T = 17.75 EGP 48T = 26 EGP Taste: High Packaging: Medium Promotion: High Display: High Distribution: High President provides the Egyptian Consumers with a Short number (19377) With a Word underlining the number Your opinion matters. 8T = 4.0 EGP 8T = 3.4 EGP
Price
Quality
Customer Service
Taste: Low Packaging: High Promotion: High Display: Medium Distribution: Low Milkana doesnt provide any way of contact on the package to receive customers opinions or complaints.
Taste: Medium Packaging: High Promotion: Medium Display: Medium Distribution: Low Anchor provides the Egyptian Consumers with a Short Number (16909) for customer service to receive opinions and complaints.
Stability
The group's organization is built around our two companies; Best Cheese Company for Dairy Products and Al Nour for Dairy Industries, together they represent the largest production capacity in Egypt and Middle East. In 2005, joint venture with Lactalis International France was created.
Expertise
Excellent Expertise in Cheese Manufacturing French Reputable International Group with Wide Range of Products All over the World. The Company Exists in Egypt since 1998. Bel owns more than 20 factories all over the world and is present in more than 150 countries with different brands. BEL Egypt is located in 10th of Ramadan City near Cairo Egypt. The appearance of La vache qui rit depends on the Cow Smiling Face that is well known all over the world. The packaging is of medium Quality and the information included in the packaging is insufficient regarding ingredients and Company Contacts. The design
Excellent Expertise in Cheese Manufacturing A Part of the French International Group LACTALIS which is the Provider of the Brand Lactel too. President has a wider variety of products in the Egyptian Market.
Milkana was introduced to the Egyptian market in 1995 and is owned by Mashreq Des Produits Laitiers (MDPL). The Factory was owned by Rashid M. Rashid Corporation until the transfer to MDPL took place. In the beginning of 2010, Milkana has relaunched its processed cheese product in the Middle East market with a new look, a new taste and a new positioning. Excellent Expertise in Cheese Manufacturing Mashreq Des Produits Laitiers (MDPL) is a subsidiary of Groupe Soparind Bongrain; an international cheese expert with over 40 subsidiaries worldwide. Bongrain SA is ranked 1st worldwide in branded specialty cheese, and is 2nd in both cheese and dairy products in France. The factory is located in New Borg El Arab City in Alexandria, Egypt. Same as President, focusing on Nutrition Elements and facts. The package has adequate information about ingredients, contacts, and company information. The package is characterized with the light blue and green colors emphasizing the Heart Like Character
Anchor is owned by Arab Dairy Products Co. started in cheese production in since 1990. Anchor was launched in Egypt since 2009.
Excellent Expertise in Cheese Manufacturing The company was established in June of 1985 and has its registered head office located in Cairo, Egypt. The company owns three registered red brand names: Panda, Dairy, and La Classe.
Company Reputation
Location
The factory is located in El Obour City near Cairo Egypt. President appearance is characterized by the blue color of package with the Red President Logo emphasized on the top of the design. The package focuses on the nutrition facts of the President cheese and large font word that says With Multivitamins. The package has many
Appearance
The Company has 3 factories located in 10th of Ramadan and El Obour City. Simple, Plain design that emphasizes the fact of that milk is the main component of the cheese triangle. The nutrition facts are highly emphasized too. The package includes the information of having an Anchor Institute for Research which reflects the care
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focuses on the Cow Face more than any other information. The design is very characteristic to an extent to be noticed where ever the cheese is located. Local Distribution Sales Export Sales La Vache Qui Rit has an excellent image in the market regarding Quality, Nutrition, and Taste. The image reflects a large corporate with the highest market share. details about ingredients, which is a part of the that Anchor shows to contacts, nutrition facts Milkana Logo. The the development of its which leads the package includes a price product. The package is consumer to find discount. also characterized by whatever information the presence of the needed to be found on licensee Logo the package sides. Fonterra. Local Distribution Sales Local Distribution Sales Local Distribution Sales Export Sales Export Sales Export Sales President cheese has a Poor Image due to Poor The Product is not very Strong Image in the Media Representation well known although Egyptian market. With and Communication the Strong Image of the the wide range of Messages. The Product International Licensee. products, and the has a very low market pronunciation of the share. name gives an original about the product being French which gives confidence in product Quality and Reliability. No Information available No Information available No Information about CSR Programs in about CSR Programs in available about CSR the Company that owns the Company that owns Programs in the the President Registered the President Registered Company that owns the Mark. Mark. President Registered Mark.
Sales Method
Image
CSR
Adopts a clear Corporate Social Responsibility Program that is communicated to BEL Groups Customers through BEL Group Website and Annual Reports. The CSR Program includes Nutrition and Responsible Products, Responsible Communication and Consumption, Environmental Footprint, Partnerships and Society, and Employer Commitment.
2) Media Plan
As we said before, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an integral part of the BEL Groups development policy. That's why communicating this huge positive impact on the world to the public is a crucial activity. In fact, by letting people know what BEL is doing in the area of CSR, they are providing the audience with information they want about the companys values, and about the products or services the Group brings to the market. In addition, it's like setting a positive example for other businesses to follow. That's why while doing a media plan for the WASABEL Project; we tried as much as we can to detail and highlight each and every role that BEL is playing in preserving the environment. That's
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because it is clear that regular, effective communications can have a direct and positive impact on the bottom-line, particularly by opening up new business opportunities. Other beneficial results from communicating such a project's vision, goals and results brings to the group higher levels of customer satisfaction and loyalty; improved company, brand and product reputation; more motivated and productive employees; better relations with the local community and public authorities; and increased cost savings.
Part 1: WASABEL Goals:

DIRECT GOALS:
1) Reducing the liters of Water used in the Kilogram of finish product to 1 liter of water per 1 Kilogram of cheese. 2) Reducing the cost of finish products by reducing the water consumption in the manufacturing process. 3) Benchmarking the BEL Egypt Factory in water consumption among all BEL Factories.
INDIRECT GOALS:
1) Anchoring in BEL teams' mindset the culture of preserving the environment. 2) Raising the environmental awareness in the target audience mindset. 3) Raising the Responsibility of BEL's Stakeholders towards Environment.
Part 2: WASABEL AUDIENCE

A good rule of thumb is that the project's customers, employees, local community (the wider public) and the local press will be interested to know about initiatives the company takes that show commitment to CSR. Depending on the initiative BEL is talking about, not only BEL EGYPT but the group as a whole should consider informing specific target groups. In most cases CSR initiatives fall into four major categories: marketplace, workplace, community or environment.
Marketplace Audience
Raising environmental awareness among the marketplace audience of BEL means to identify the right marketplace target in order to diffuse to them the right message. WASABEL's Marketplace audience will mainly include La vache qui rit's final consumers such as families, entities such as hypermarkets and supermarkets (e.g. Metro Market, Ragab Sons, Oscar) and industries such as
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Htellerie & Restauration (e.g. Hilton Hotel and Sonesta Hotel), distribution companies such as Alamin and Hi Pack, competitors such as President, Panda, Taema, Labanita, etc.
Workplace Audience
Raising environmental awareness among the workplace audience of BEL means to target the Factory' employees at a first place. If BEL wants its marketplace audience and consumers to get the right message about "WATER SAVING" and environment, the company should start by anchoring this culture in its employees' mindset. Being personally convinced of an idea makes it a lot easier for someone to convince others with the same idea. Other workplace audiences are suppliers, local community, public authorities, trade unions, etc.
Community Audience
Raising environmental awareness about the environment, BEL should consider communicating community audiences such its employees, public authorities, environmental agencies, environmental NGOs, relevant local or international organizations and institutions. Diffusing the "WATER SAVING" message to these audiences will help accelerating and enhancing the impact of the project on the target audience.
Environment Audience
Preserving the environment being its first and main objective BEL should communicate about its initiatives to environment audiences that might be interested of such projects such as business partners, relevant non-profit organizations, public authorities such as the ministry of environment, annual conferences, events and summits related to the environment such as The Liver And Environment Conference, The Annual Produced Water Management Summit, The Wastewater Egypt Conference, The Environmental Physics Conference The NanoAqua Forum, and others.
Part 3: WASABEL Messages

Just as there are a thousand ways of delivering products and services to customers, there are many ways of delivering business-related messages. The choice of the best route depends on the people we want to reach, our own capabilities and resources and, very often, the subject we want to talk about. Effective communication consists of transmitting information to a target group such as customers, consumers or suppliers that is relevant to both the companys and the target groups goals. That's why while selecting our messages; we tried to stay within the frame of environmental awareness, environmental and water facts and some info about BEL's environmental initiatives in
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order to maintain the message consistency and therefore to enhance the message's impact on our target market. Below are some selected samples of the different types of messages we created:
"Water Saving" slogans and quotes:

Water is the driving force in nature. Water is life's mater and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water. You are 60% water. Save 60% of YOURSELF. We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. Save Water!! Walk in the desert, you will realize the cost of Water. Waste water today Live in desert tomorrow Conserve Water, Conserve Life Save waterit doesnt grow on trees Think outside the sink! Don't waste it, just taste it! Put a stop to the drop Life depends on water, the reservoir depends on you Save water for your daughter! Dont let your children blame you one day for leaving them without water.
Water Facts: Did you know?

780 million people lack access to clean water. That's more than 2 and 1/2 the United States population. More than 3.4 million people die each year from water, sanitation, and hygiene-related causes. Nearly all deaths, 99 percent, occur in the developing world. Lack of access to clean water and sanitation kills children at a rate equivalent of a jumbo jet crashing every four hours. Of the 60 million people added to the world's towns and cities every year, most move to informal settlements with no sanitation facilities. 780 million people lack access to an improved water source; approximately one in nine people. "[The water and sanitation] crisis claims more lives through disease than any war claims through guns."
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An American taking a five-minute shower uses more water than the average person in a developing country slum uses for an entire day. More people have a mobile phone than a toilet.
Figure (10): Map that show the number of people living in Africa without water access.
WASABEL Information:
BEL is the first processed cheese producer that takes an environmental initiative in terms of Water Saving By 2014, the WASABEL project would have save more than 50% of the amount of water used today. The WASABEL project "Water Saving in BEL Egypt" is not the only environmental initiative that BEL took. The ESABEL project which stands for "Energy Saving in BEL Egypt" is being implemented in parallel.
In short, whatever are the messages diffused are, effective communication requires whatever it takes to make sure that the target audience gets "the right message".
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Part 4: WASABEL Media List

In order to be effective in our outreach we have to specify the exact media outlets. Below is a list of all the outlets through which we will diffuse our messages:
Media Mean
TV Channels
Exact Outlet
ON TV, AL KAHIRA WAL NAS, AL HAYAT, DREAM TV, MBC MASR, CBC, AL-Nahar, AlNas Channel, Masr 25 AL AHRAM, AL AKHBAR, AL GOMHOUREYA,
Newspapers
AL MASRY AL YOUM, AL YOUM AL SABEI Facebook, Twitter, Google +, LinkedIn, Youtube,
Social Media
Flickr, tumblr., pinterest, Blogger, StumbleUpon, Myspace. Carrefour, Hyper1, Spinneys, Metro Market, Oscar,
Hypermarkets and Supermarkets
Ragab Sons, Al-Mahmal, Al-Sooudi Market, Kheir Zaman, AL-Mahalawy Sons, Zad, Royal House Cairo: Heliopolis (Al-Nozha st., Osman Ibn Affan st., Al-Orouba st., Al-Hegaz st., Al-Thawra st., Nabil Al Wakad st.) Nasr City (Al-Tayaran st., Abbas El Akad st., Makram Obeid st., Al-Nasr st.,) AL-Rahab City, Al-Tagamoe El Khames, Madinaty, Maadi (Road 9 st., Road 12 st., Al-Kornish st.) Zamalek, Garden City, Mohandessin, 6th of October (Al-Sheikh Zayed), Al-Katameya,
Districts and Main Streets (Based on our target audience: Class A & B)
Alexandria, Al-Masourah, Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada, Marsa Alam, Marsa Matrouh, etc
International, Regional and National Events
Sports Events such as the Egyptian League
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Environmental Events: The Earth Day, The Liver And Environment Conference, The Annual Produced Water Management Summit, The Wastewater Egypt Conference, The Environmental Physics Conference The NanoAqua Forum, The Dii Desert Energy Conference, The Global Fisheries Aquaculture Research Conference Industry Sector Events such as The International Dairy Forum, SAHARA International Agricultural Exhibition, Cairo Agricultural Conference Charitable Events such as Orphans' Day, The Annual Meeting of the Middle-Eastern Association for Cancer Research
Part 5: WASABEL Media Tools

A few examples of commonly used CSR communications tools that we are intending on using whilst implementation include product labels, packaging, press/media relations, newsletters, issuerelated events, reports, posters, flyers, leaflets, brochures, websites, advertisements, information packs, or simply word-of-mouth. Some of the notions we used while doing our media plan is the advertising and promotion pyramid that positions advertising and promotion tools based on two dimensions: The degree of coverage or reach of the target audience. Cost efficiency. One useful way to compute cost efficiency is based on COST PER THOUSAND (CPM, M is the Roman numeral for 1000) CPM= ($cost of the advertising and promotion tool/ Number of people the tool reaches)* 1000
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Figure (11): The Advertisement and Promotion Pyramid
Media Advertising
Being the main means of mass communication we thought of using this form of communication using mass-media channels such as print, radio, television, billboards, etc... Diffusing a TV publicity that emphasizes the Group's mission of sharing smiles with families through reconciling the pleasure of dairy goodness and nutrition while at the same time putting the environment at the heart of its activity will be an excellent way of communicating The WASABEL project to the target audience. This tool has the advantage of a wide coverage audience and a lower cost. The first draft of the publicity is scheduled to be finished mid-June 2013. Below are the samples of some billboards that we created for our marketing campaign:
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Public Relation/ Publicity

We chose to include Public Relation (PR) activities in our Media Plan to enlarge the volume of our audience and enhance the impact of the message we want to deliver. These activities might include sponsoring events such as environmental events (e.g. The Annual Produced Water Management Summit, The Wastewater Egypt Conference, etc) or supporting charitable causes such as BEL Foundation created in 2008 and which acts on behalf of children and their well-being around the world (cf. Annex 3) and may also sponsor events and support causes on a national or a regional level such as The Annual Meeting of the Middle-Eastern Association for Cancer Research for example.
Direct mail
This tool is placed higher in the pyramid than the two first tools and has a less wide coverage but can be used in WASABEL as an internal advertising tool for the near surrounding of the project (zone1: Immediate Zone; zone 2: Internal Zone).
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Figure (12): The Changing Organizational Context - Source: Adapted from Bronfenbrenner (1979)
Trade shows, Seminars, and Training

This tool reaches yet a narrower group of customers at a proportionately higher cost than tools lower in the pyramid but can be quite useful when used in parallel to other tools like for example
using these seminars and forums as an opportunity to distribute brochures, flyers or mini-catalogs to communicate to the customers the WASABEL project and the objectives of BEL from taking such environmental initiatives. We can mention the annual exhibitions for dairy products (e.g. The International Dairy Forum, The Milking Cows Conference, and so forth) as examples of seminars and conferences that BEL should consider while communicating about WASABEL. The presence of BEL Egypt in such big and major events is an excellent opportunity to have a wider and more influential access to the public.
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Catalogs, Literature and Manuals

Companies must have brochures, or other collateral material of some sort to provide customers with additional information. Information such as environmental and water facts, water saving tips, informative messages about BEL Egypt's environmental initiatives in general and about water saving in specific, the WASABEL project and its long term objectives, the group's CSR vision, etc are essential information that should be addressed to the audience. These tools are of a great help whilst applying other tools such as seminars, forums, and conferences; when sponsoring events such sports and health events, environmental events or charitable causes; when applying personal selling or event when using Online Advertisement tools such as social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Google+, etc)
Telemarketing
Telemarketing is a method of direct marketing in which a salesperson solicits prospective customers to buy products or services, either over the phone or through a subsequent face to face or Web conferencing appointment scheduled during the call. As in creativity "NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE" we thought of using this tool but in a different way.
We thought of using both types of Telemarketing: Outbound Calls and Inbound Calls. Outbound calls are usually made by a companys personnel to existing customer accounts or on a cold-call basis. In our case, those calls will take a form of an automated recorded message combined with La vache qui rit musical signature background. The message will include a brief environmental tip and a message about BEL's dream throughout its environmental initiatives. The selection of customers to which these outbound calls will be sent is done based on studies about consumers' behaviors towards La vache qui rit's consumption and towards other products at the end of their life cycle. Inbound calls are made by customers or prospects calling into the companys call center, typically via a toll-free number. In our case, the same automated recorded message will be diffused to customers when they dial the customer service line, the factory's landline or the Head Office
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landline. The message will be played whilst the caller is waiting to be answered or while he is put in hold.
Personal selling
Personal selling is where businesses use people (the sales force) to sell the product after meeting face -toface with the customer. As agreed on above, we had to harness each and every tool to our own disposal so we can get the maximum benefit out of them. So we thought of using this tool but in a different way. By personal selling we mean the presence of one or more sales representative(s) in our main and major Points of Sales-POS (Hypermarkets, Supermarkets, etc) on regular scheduled period basis. Those Sales representatives will have their own rented stands or booths in the selected POS in order to have easier access to customers. The Sales Associates' main responsibilities will include: distributing brochures, flyers and other printed material that communicate the Environmental initiatives of BEL. They will also distribute samples and present offers when implanting such campaigns and not to forget their availability in order to assist the POS' clients in case of any questions about the brand.
Internet Advertising & Promotion

The internet can be used to complement many traditional advertising and promotion tools such as: Banners ads, sponsored web pages, search engine optimization, paid search, paid inclusion, contextual ads, targeted permission-based email advertising, and personalized customer contact are all cost efficient tools that the Internet offers. So it is important to define the role of each of these tools in the overall communications mix so as to create an effective integrated marketing communications campaign with a consistent message.
Social Media:
Social Media is the most important online communication tool nowadays. The term refers to the means
of interactions among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks.
Below is an article about the importance of Social Media that shows how powerful this
tool is.
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Source: http://www.blogherald.com/2011/10/31/the-power-of-social-media-marketing-on-business%E2%80%93-theunbeatable-trend/
That's why in terms of Online Marketing, we concentrated our efforts on the social networks as a tool of Advertisement. Below is a screenshot of our WASABEL Facebook page created for the project.
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Figure (13): WASABEL Project Facebook page
Web Banners:
A web banner or banner ad is a form of advertising on the World Wide Web delivered by an ad server. It is a popular form of online advertising, easy to ignore but usually when sexy and appealing is checked. It is Cheap in delivering impression with enough creativity and repetition.
Facebook and Google Ads web banners are very effective, they offer a CPC concept that is very cost effective and offers a pay per demand method of payment.
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Live banners:
Live banners Use video and sound such as talk, flash, or play music. Rich media ads work because they allow the advertiser to introduce drama, humor or other emotions into their message. One Banner scenario can be published over multiple portal networks in the same period of publish. The aim of this is to create an add bomb at once on different websites to spread among wide range of online visitors. Some of the portals that the live banner can be published on are: 1) Masrawy 2) Fatakat 3) Filgoal 4) Filbalad 5) Fatakat 6) Contactscars 7) Yellowpages Egypt 8) 140Online
Pop-up ads (interstitial ad):

Popup ads are Separate windows that open up when users click through to another site. Popup ads will be used in the most famous and known Egyptian portals with high traffic such as: 1) Masrawy 2) Filgoal 3) Filbalad 4) Fatakat 5) E3050 6) ContactCars
In short, whatever are the means of advertisement and promotions effective communication requires whatever it takes to make sure that the target audience really gets the message.
As we said before, WASABEL is communicating its message to a culture where media is engraved since ages; noting that the Egyptian society is more or less attracted by some media outlets more than others. So that's why whilst dividing the media budget between the different used tools, we
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took this into consideration. The marketing budget as whole, including of course the media budget will be deal t with apart from the project's budget, (as a marketing department expenses)
Media tool
Share percentage
25%
Comment
This tool has high penetration to the audience especially with a mediaphilic audience. This tool has the highest prices among all tools. Comes in the second place regarding the cost. A lot of Food, Dairy and Environmental Exhibitions are held in Egypt. BDELs presence is very important. Comes in the second place regarding the penetration, and is very effective though. People prefer contributing and interacting over the social media networks than with websites and ads. This is very important for BELs image and contribution in the community. This the tool in which BELs policies will be communicated in details to customers in Trade Shows and Exhibitions. For Customer Service, Surveys, Questionnaires. Important for the Online Presence. Low price ranges related to the media advertisements. Same as Web Banners. This will take place during trade shows, exhibitions, and promotional booths in Supermarkets. It necessary for human interaction which is the most effective among all tools. Same As Web Banners
1. Media advertisement
2. Trade shows, seminars, and training
15%
3. Social Networks
10%
4. Public Relations/ Publicity
10%
5. Catalogs, literature, and manuals
10%
6. Telemarketing
7%
7. Web Banners
5%
8. Pop-Up Ads
5%
9. Personal Selling
5%
10. Live Banners
5%
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11. Direct Mail
1%
This tool will be used internally to the employees of BEL Egypt to reflect the BELs policies and raise the employees commitment.
Part 6: Timeline/Work Plan:

As with any project, the creation of a timeline is a critical part of the process that helps to track what needs to be done, whether it's done or not and if yes, what the outcome was. The below timeline highlights the main steps of our media plan, their due dates and status.
Date
01/2013 02/2013
activity
Finalize media plan skeleton Finalize media list, tools and design samples
Status/comments
Done Done
03/2013 04/2013
Approve design samples Communicating design samples to BEL EGYPT
Done On hold (due to miscommunication problems with the WASABEL Team at BEL facetory)
04/2013
Feedback of BEL Egypt's team should be collected, evaluated, and analyzed.
On hold
05/2013
Media actions begin and documentation release
Not started
08/2013 09/2013
Collect feedback data (Phase 1) Analyze Media Action Plan Implementation on different Audiences and re-define a new Media Plan based on the results
Not started Not started
At the end, "letting people know what you stand for will not only open the door to potential business benefits for your company; it might even encourage others to get involved."
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3) Integrated Marketing Communication Plan

1. Executive summary:
The WASABEL Project is a Water Saving Project in BEL Egypt which had its pilot site when it started in BEL plant in Damascus, Syria 2007. The project sees the challenge of conserving water within its global context. At all of BEL's sites the systematic approach of the group allows it to identify the reductions that can be made by modifying their industrial processes and/or reclaiming certain types of wastewater. Due to political events and turbulence in Syria since 2011 the pilot site has been transferred to Cairo, Egypt to be re-launched and therefore to validate the WASABEL methodology before disseminating it throughout other sites in the Maghreb/Middle East regions, where challenging situations already exist.
So WASABEL Egypt is a project assigned to us by BEL Egypt via L'UFE "Universit Franaise d'gypte" to work on the project from a management perspective while a technical team from BEL is working with us on the technical side of the project.
WASABEL Egypt although being defined by BEL as a purely environmental project we had to analyze it with more depth. The budget assigned to WASABEL Egypt is of 100K for the time being and until further declarations from BEL Group.
2. Background:
At a global scale, with five universal core brands, including The Laughing Cow, Kiri, Leerdammer, Boursin and Mini Babybel, and over 25 local brands, the Bel Group brings smiles to nearly 400 million consumers annually in 120 countries around the globe. These smiles, derived from the pleasure of eating food made with dairy goodness, and BEL's commitment to encouraging good eating habits and good-naturedness, form the common thread between the Group and its brands.
At a national scale, BEL Egypt owns 2 production units in its plant in Cairo, Egypt which produces 100 tons per day which makes a total production of around 30 000 tons per year. The company also possesses 20% as a market share of the total cheese production market. Below is the SWOT analysis of the national market of BEL Egypt:
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Strengths
Company reputation Large consumers base High level of consumers' loyalty Wide distribution networks (cf. push and pull strategy) The project is a part of a strategic group program "environment footprint pillar" Success of the Group's mission of reconciling the pleasure of eating and the nutrition-quality of the dairy products Marketing an idea related to a daily consumed product
Weaknesses
Low environmental awareness of audiences Poor market perception of the environmental impact of the manufacturing process of the food in comparison to other industries such as automobiles and petrochemicals The change of the marketing message about the environmental impact from the packaging of the product to the product itself
Opportunities
The availability of wide range of advertisement and media tools in the market The presence of a mediaphylic culture in the Egyptian market (phylic: a person/group of persons who show love or desire for something; in this case for media) Absence of previous environmental impact marketing messages in the market messages
Threats
Competition counterattack to marketing
Not being the pioneer in introducing the environmental footprint reduction in the market Political disturbances and instability may affect the project's budget and delivery time
S1. Whether on an international or national level, BEL TATAMATA3 be a very good reputation.
The group is active on 5 continents, with a group presence and 28 production sites. The Group's products (30 of which 5 are core products) are distributed in 120 countries worldwide. BEL also employs 1600 employees from 49 different countries. N3 worldwide in branded cheese, leader in 25 countries and a top-3 contender in 45 countries. 4 brands figure among the world's 12 leading cheese brands.
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S2. As mentioned above on the international level, the Group's 30 products of which 5 are core
products are distributed in 120 countries worldwide. On the national level BEL is producing around 30 000 tons per year of which approximately 15 000 tons are distributed all over the country and the other half of the production volume is exported to KSA.
S3. This level of loyalty to the brand is the result of long years of commitment and brand building. S4. As mentioned above on the international level, the Group's 30 products of which 5 are core
products are distributed in 120 countries worldwide. On the national level BEL is producing around 30 000 tons per year of which approximately 15 000 tons are distributed all over the country and the other half of the production volume is exported to KSA. With its wide distribution channels; the main hypermarkets and supermarkets of Egypt such as Metro Market, Oscar, Ragab sons, wellrepudiated hotels such Hilton and Sonesta and large distribution companies such as Alamein and Hi Pack are BEL's regular customers.
As for distribution and promotion strategies BEL is adopting both Push & Pull Strategies. The choice of using both strategies is mainly due to the Egyptian mindset and perception of dairy products. The "Push Strategy" aims at pushing the product towards the customer so when he takes the purchasing decision, he wouldn't find other options available in front of him. Such strategy depends essentially on the sales force, the distribution nets and the merchandising techniques in order to force the product upon the potential customer.
This approach is usually adopted when customers are becoming less faithful to the brand and \ or while purchasing they dont understand the product's attributes which leads to proceed by impulsive purchases rather than planned ones. That's why BEL is adopting the push strategy in the Egyptian dairy market as it is commonly acknowledged between most social classes that such products are a sort of luxurious products and do not fulfill basic needs. The Pull Strategy" on the other hand, aims at pulling the customer towards the product by forcing him to buy it by planned purchases. Such strategy depends generally on communication and publicity in particular in order to develop in the final consumer and the purchases decision maker a special preference for the brand. That's why since BEL Egypt is targeting a culture imprinted by
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"mediaphile" (which is the love of media by nature); the company is also using a Market Pull Strategy.
S5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an integral part of the BEL Groups development
policy. WASABEL is a part from "The Environmental Footprint" one of the 5 pillars that constitute BEL's CSR program.
Figure (14): BEL Group 5 CSR Pillars
S6. With five universal core brands, including The Laughing Cow, Kiri, Leerdammer,
Boursin and Mini Babybel, and over 25 local brands, the Bel Group brings smiles to nearly 400 million consumers annually in 120 countries around the globe. These smiles, derived from the pleasure of eating food made with dairy goodness, and Bel's commitment to encouraging good eating habits and good-naturedness, form the common thread between the Group and its brands.
S7. Marketing food in general and dairy products in specific is an important strength that we should
be aware of. Dairy products and specially milk and cheese are products consumed on daily basis, thus bought nearly on daily basis. Therefore, communicating a message to a target audience about such a frequently used product is a lot easier than communicating the same message to the same target audience about a product rarely bought, consumed or replaced.
W1. The Egyptian culture is marked by very low environmental awareness level and the mindset of
preserving the environment in general doesn't exist. This poor level of awareness that characterize the Egyptian population is originally due to many factors such as the high level of illiteracy, the high level of poverty, the low level of education, the lack of environmental regulations and restrictions, the negligence in applying sanctions to those who don't respects environmental laws and regulations and many other majors problems that lead to a nation unfamiliar with the basic environment norms.
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W2. Usually people relate environmental impact with industries such as fuel industries, automobile
industries, telecommunication industries and many others rather than relating food manufacturing process's impact on the environment.
W3. When dealing with a well-known brand like La vache qui rit, usually people relate the brand
with a specific slogan, message, or personal perception that they created with time. Changing this marketing message from a quality-nutrition aspect in our case to an environmental aspect may confuse the consumer, alienate him from the product or even erase his loyalty to the brand.
O1. The availability of a wide range of Advertisement and Promotion tools going from Media
Advertisement to the Personal Selling and Online Advertisement tools from Live Banners to Shoshkeles offers us a great opportunity to access the target audience more easily and in less time.
O2. As mentioned above the availability of a wide range of advertisement and promotion tools
makes it a lot easier to attain the target market. This wouldn't have happened unless the culture and the mindset we are marketing is already media oriented. Targeting the Egyptian culture with its love and desire for media and eagerness of knowledge of everything that is new is an excellent marketing opportunity.
O3. Being not only the leader but also taking the first step towards a better tomorrow by trying to
diminish to the least its environmental footprint makes it a lot easier to BEL in terms of communication and marketing. Being the first one to diffuse a message is less complicated than trying to position your message among competition.
T1. At the same time of being an excellent opportunity, the absence of previous environmental
impact marketing messages in the market can also be a dangerous threat. Being the first one to diffuse the "SAVING WATER" message in the processed cheese industry means that BEL won't be the last to do so. There will certainly be other competitors who will begin to take the same path.
T2. Unfortunately the threat is not only the existence of other processed cheese producers
followers in the field of environmental projects but the fear is that a follower may with time be the leader.
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T3. The threat of political instability nowadays is menacing all national and local projects in
general. The feeling of working under the stress of an unknown tomorrow, the stress of an insecure environment is very threatening and may affect the performance and the efficiency of the employees working on the project. In case of any degradation of the political situation the factory may close for a certain period of time due to its out skirted location which will affect the delivery of the project in terms of time and therefore in terms of budget.
3. Segmentation:
The Egyptian market is divided into 5 segments based on their social and economic levels: Segments A and B are about 6 % of the population; they are the individuals who can easily afford dairy products such yogurt and creamy cheese Segment C is about 40 % of the population; they are the individuals who are not as rich as the previous segments but they can afford dairy products if they're interested. Segments D and E who consist the rest of the population; they are the individuals that consider dairy products as a luxury and so they can't afford it.
Social & Economic Classes

Class A & B Class C Class D & E
6% 40%
54%
Source: Danone Egypt Marketing Department - 2009
4. Targeting:
Mainly La vache qui rit, which is the only product that is locally produced by BEL Egypt, is mainly targeting class A & B which constitutes a very tiny portion of the market. Therefore, WASABEL's target audience is a niche market which requires concentrating all marketing efforts on this small but specific and well defined segment of the population. As a
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strategy, niche marketing is aimed at being a small fish in a big pond instead of being a small fish in a big pond.
5. Positioning:
Whether talking about BEL as a group or as a national firm, the company positioned itself in the category of luxurious dairy products; cheese of a high quality and nutritious value. This is crystal clear in the Group's mission: "SHARING SMILES WITH FAMILIES BY BRINGING THE PLEASURE OF DAIRY GOODNESS", which means that whatever message BEL wants to communicate to its audience will be delivered, perceived and evaluated only by its niche market target (class A).
6. Communication Objectives:
Communicating the environmental policy of BEL Group to the target market. Raising environmental awareness of the target market about water and energy saving. Delivering an integrated message that combines the three main axes of the product; quality, safety, and environmentally friendly. Improving people' daily water consumption practices such as car washing, hand washing, teeth brushing.
7. Determining budget:
This aspect of the project is treated as a special case seeing that the project has already an assigned estimated budget at the current time of 100k until further declarations. Therefore, in this area our input was very limited and all calculation made for future periods were based on predictions and estimations.
8. Creative Strategy and tactics:

Through WASABEL Egypt, the company seeks a better position in the consumers' mindset and among its competition. Being not only the leader but also taking the first step towards a better tomorrow by trying to diminish to the least its environmental footprint will definitely take BEL's position to a higher level.
Our strategy is mainly focused on communication tactics and how to make the audience get the right message. With the right marketing campaign diffusing the right message, not only is BEL going to get to its loyal and faithful audience but will also influence its potential customers that may change their mind about the way they look at the product.
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Communication Tool
Media Advertising
Tool Application
Condensed campaign using mass-media channels, TV, radio, billboards, etc communicating messages about "Water Saving" such as "You are 60% water. Save 60% of YOURSELF" Waste water today Live in desert tomorrow Put a stop to the drop Think outside the sink!
Public Relations/Publicity
Sponsoring events: Sports Events such as the Egyptian League, etc Environmental Events: The Earth Day, The Liver And Environment Conference, The Annual Produced Water Management Summit, The Wastewater Egypt Conference, The Environmental Physics Conference The NanoAqua Forum, The Dii Desert Energy Conference, The Global Fisheries Aquaculture Research Conference, etc Industry Sector Events such as The International Dairy Forum, SAHARA International Agricultural Exhibition, Cairo Agricultural Conference, etc Charitable Events such as Orphans' Day, The Annual Meeting of the MiddleEastern Association for Cancer Research, etc,
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Direct Mail
The use of this tool will be limited to the near surrounding of the project: zone 1 and zone 2 (cf. Media Plan). This advertising tool can be used while communicating the message to the project's members and employees, to BEL's family members, to the primary stakeholders of factory such as its main suppliers, its main distributors and major customers.
Trade Shows/Seminars
Renting booths/stands in the major national trade shows or seminars such as Industrial Forums and exhibitions (e.g. The International Dairy Forum, SAHARA International Agricultural Exhibition, etc)
Telemarketing
Outbound calls: The calls will be made as a sort of registered message or musical advertisement that will be sent randomly to customers. Inbound calls: when calling the Customer Service, he factory's landline or Head Office,the registered message combined with the musical signature background of La vache qui rit will be played to customers while they are on hold, or waiting to be answered.
Personal Selling
Renting booths/stands in big hypermarkets and supermarkets such as Carrefour, Hyper1, Sppineys, Metro, Kheir Zaman, etc accompanied by sales representatives who explain to customers the message in more details, distribute samples with brochures, flyers, or mini catalogues with a brief about the project idea.
Online Advertising
Condensed campaign using Online Ad tools such as Banner Ads, Live Banners, Pop-Up Ads, Shoshkeles etc communicating the same
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messages of the Media Advertisement about "Water Saving" such as Save waterit doesnt grow on trees Don't waste it, just taste it! Put a stop to the drop Life depends on water, the reservoir depends on you Save water for your daughter!
9. Evaluation:
Objective Evaluated
Communicating the environmental policy of BEL Group to the target market.
Evaluation Criteria
Level of awareness of BEL's environmental policy in the target market The Degree of change of People's Daily water consumption practices.
Evaluation Score
Excellent Very good Good Satisfactory Poor High Medium Low Excellent Very good Good Satisfactory Poor High Medium Low
Raising environmental awareness of the target market about water and energy saving.
The level of understanding of how essential is water and energy saving.
Delivering an integrated message that combines the three main axes of the product; quality, safety, and environmentally friendly.
Quality of Perceived message about the Product three axes.
Improving people's daily water consumption practices such as car washing, hand washing, teeth brushing.
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4) Marketing Plan
Product Name
La Vache Qui Rit "WASABEL Egypt" Water
Project Name:
Saving in BEL Egypt
Introduction:
No matter how good the product and the brand, the project cannot succeed without effective marketing. And this begins with careful, systematic research. It is very dangerous to assume that we already know about the intended market. We need to do market research to make sure were on track.
There are two kinds of market research: primary and secondary.
a- Secondary research means using published information such as industry profiles, trade journals, newspapers, magazines, census data, and demographic profiles. This type of information is available in public libraries, industry associations, chambers of commerce, from vendors who sell to the industry, and from government agencies. There are more online sources that could be also used. Trade associations and trade publications often have excellent industry-specific data. In our project WASABEL Egypt, we used various and credible sources of information mentioned below: Published Financial Annual Reports of BEL Group Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Annual Reports of BEL Group Credit Advice Agencies Reports about BEL Egypt Local Reports from the Egyptian Chamber of Commerce Local Reports from the Egyptian Chamber of Industry Online Economic Forums about Dairy Industry Producers
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b- Primary research means gathering our own data. While doing our project's primary research we used various tools like yellow pages, Facebook groups, online forums and FAQs to learn about consumer preferences. The most important way to gather real and trust worthy information was the numerous visits we did to BEL Egypt factory at the 10th of Ramadan, Cairo, Egypt. During those visits we had an excellent opportunity to gather precise information from the field.
By those two types of market research we collected almost all essential data in order to cover in our marketing plan the following analyses:
Situation analysis:
The product:
Description of the product: The Laughing Cow (La vache qui rit in French) is a brand of processed cheese products made by Fromageries BEL, and in particular refers to the brand's most popular product, the spreadable wedge. The cheese is a blend of cream, milk and fresh and aged cheeses, particularly comt (Cheddar RM is used in Egypt instead), which are pasteurized to stop the ripening process. Versatile and portable because of its pasteurization process, Laughing Cow can remain unrefrigerated for a limited length of time. The archetypal Laughing Cow cheese comes wrapped in the individual serving-sized foiled wedges, and they are packaged in a round, flat box. Consumers have to pull a little red thread around the box to open it, and the foil packaging also features a red tab for opening.
The Laughing Cow is available in different formats in different worldwide markets but as talking Egypt the only available format in terms of production is the triangle shaped format.
The profile of the customers, the product targets

First of all we have to divide La Vache Qui Rit customers into 2 types of customers: 1- Final Consumers/Individuals: La Vache Qui Rit is targeting all ages from 2 and up and all genders as it's targeting families as a whole. Talking about Income level, the cheese brand is targeting people with a relative high income level as it's perceived from the consumer's side as a luxurious product. Therefore, the availability of the product in the market will depend on the presence (referred to as the location) of the target audience (cf. IMC Plan: Media
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List). As for the social class of the target audience, we have mentioned before that La vache qui rit is targeting mainly Class A & B which constitutes 6% of the Egyptian population. These 2 social classes are of high level of education and occupy the highest positions in terms of Work.
2- Intermediate Customers: which are also divided into 3 types: Distribution Companies/Distributors Hypermarkets and Supermarkets such as Metro Market, Oscar, Ragab Sons, etc Htellerie & Restauration Industry such as Hilton Hotel, Sonesta Hotel, etc
Those intermediate customers of BEL Egypt are major agents, each one in its field. The branches of each of those three types are dispersed all over the country with a considerable size in the market and a big market share. The distribution companies are well-repudiated leading companies in their field. Using the latest technologies and offering to their customers the best quality, the major customers of BEL Egypt in terms of Hypermarkets and Supermarkets are the biggest supermarket chains in Egypt and the leaders in grand distribution. As for BEL's customers in the Htellerie & Restauration, Hilton and Sonesta are among the best ranking hotels and resorts all over the country.
Spending in the category of the subject product

Being classified as a dairy product (processed cheese); the spending in this category is considerable. As for the price of the product in general, the prices vary from an average of 3LE per pack of 8 portions to an average of price of 25 LE per pack of 48 portions. As for the price of L a vache qui rit in specific, the prices start from an average of 5 LE per pack of 8 portions to an average of 28 LE per pack of 48 portions. Therefore we can deduce that the average price of La vache qui rit is relatively high compared to other brands' prices. Tackling the production volumes, BEL Egypt, as we mentioned before, produces around 100 tons per day of which 50% is for local consumption. So an average of 50 tons sold per day with an average of price of 5LE gives an average of 2,083,300LE of sold La vache qui rit.
The number of clients in the category of the subject product

As for the number of clients of the processed cheese in general we will have a big portion of the Egyptian population taken in count. Starting from an average of 3LE per pack of 8 portions Class
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A, B, C and a portion of Class D could be taken into consideration; which makes an average of 45% of the Egyptian population ( 37,800,000 customers). As for the La vache qui rit in specific, the product, as we mentioned before, is targeting Class A & B of the Egyptian community which makes an average of 6% of the Egyptian population (5040000 customers).
The expected profit margin

Achieving a Net Profit of 13,200,000 LE in 2007 (latest available data) and maintaining a growing Gross profit from 2007 till 2011 is a sign of an outstanding expected profit margin for 2013; noting that this assumption does not take into consideration any political instability. (Accurate and updated data about Sales Turnover, Gross Profit and Net Profit is not available and was not communicated to us by BEL Egypt Team.)
The market
Actual market structure
Speaking about The Total Actual Market Structure and size; Egypt is of a total population of around 84 200 000 people in 2013 stratified into 5 social and economic classes: Class A & Class B: called the upper class, which is divided into the upper-upper class which includes the aristocratic level and "high society" families with "old money" who have been rich for generations and the lower-upper class which includes those with "new money" or money made from investments. Wherever their money comes from, both segments of the upper class are exceptionally rich. Both groups have money to spend which leaves them with the leisure of enjoying the pleasure eating. Both of those classes represent 6% of the Egyptian population. Class C: called the middle class or the "sandwich class". Those are the people who have more money than the classes below but less money than the classes above. The Class C is also divided into 2 sub-classes according to wealth, education and prestige: the Lower middle class and the upper middle class. Class D: also referred to as the "working class". The "working class" is those who are minimally educated and who engage in "manual labor" with little or no prestige. Class C & D represent together around 40% of the Egyptian population. Class E: also named the "lower class". This class is typified by poverty, homelessness, and unemployment. The majority of the people of this class hasn't even finished high school and
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suffers from lack of medical care, adequate and human housing, food clothing and safety. They are very often stigmatized as "the underclass" and represent unfortunately around 54% of the Egyptian population.
Market growth potential

As for 2011, BEL Egypt processed a market share of 20% of the total cheese production market and plans to further increase through launching new products and improving its distribution network. Going up the slope in terms of Sales Turnovers, Gross Profit and Net Profit; BEL Egypt is expected to grow its market share to 25% by the end of 2013. The expected growth in Sales Volumes by the end of 2013 is of 5000 additional tons which in other terms means going from 30,000 tons in 2012 to 35,000 tons in 2013.
Intended geographical coverage

The geographical zones that the WASABEL project intends on covering are Egypt's main governorates: Cairo, Alexandria, Al-Mansourah, Sharm EL-Sheikh, Hurghada, Marsa Alam, Marsa Matrooh, etc because those are the geographical zones that mainly include that targeted social classes by BEL Egypt.
The target segments

The Description
The main Targeted Segment of WASABEL will be the same targeted segment of La vache qui rit which includes families of Class A and B that constitutes about 6 % of the population; they are the individuals who can easily afford dairy products such yogurt and creamy cheese.
Target segment growth potential

The target market of BEL Egypt which is mainly consisted of Class A & Class B is marked by a noticeable high demand. This can be concluded from the daily production volume of the Firm's two production sites (100 tons per day of which 50% is for local consumption)
Easiness in accessing the target segment

Accessing the targeted segment of WASABEL or BEL Egypt in general is very easy. This is mainly due to the availability of more than one Point of Sale-POS- that the targeted segment usually frequent. Whether these POS exist separately or in gathering places like malls and towns, the access of the targeted segment is effortless. Also, not to forget that whatever the segment or the social class targeted is, communication with the Egyptian mediaphilic culture is a piece of cake.
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Usual sales channels used by the target segment

The usual sales channels used by WASABEL's target segment are various and numerous. Below is a list of all sales channels used by the target segment of the project.
Sales Channel
Hypermarkets and supermarkets
Examples
Carrefour, Hyper1, Spinneys, Metro Market, Oscar, Ragab Sons, Al-Mahmal, Al-Sooudi Market, Kheir Zaman, AL-Mahalawy Sons, Zad, Royal House Hilton Hotel, Sonesta Hotel, Four Seaons Hotel, Radisson Blu Resort, Movenpick Hotel, Sheraton Hotel, Fairmont Hotel, etc LaCasetta, Spectra, Friday's, Ruby Tuesday, Morei Sushi, Roastry, Planet Africa, Chilis,etc.
Htellerie & Restauration
Competition
Talking about WASABEL's competition, we will automatically have to mention La vache qui rit's main competitors. Although WASABEL is a completely new environmental initiative that didn't exist before in the field of processed cheese, it still suffers from The major competitors of La vache qui rit and therefore competitors of WASABEL are: Prsident which is La vache qui rit's main competitor and processes the biggest market share; Taema, (which is also a product produced by Prsident Factory), Panda and labanita.
Differentiation of the subject product in terms of price, quality, availability, image, etc.
Although in competition with other brands, BEL Egypt succeeded in distinguishing its product "La vache qui rit" from competition in terms of: Price: la vache qui rit is the most expensive processed cheese in the local market (5LE for a pack of 8 portions) Quality: offering to its consumers the best quality ever; combining quality, safety, security. Availability: la vache qui rit is available everywhere! It is the brand that has the widest availability among all processed cheese brands.
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Image: La vache qui rit possesses a very good image among its competition. On a ranking scale, La vache qui rit would take the best image. "The subject company occupies the first position among its competitors, as it is distinguished by its high quality, good taste and suitable prices." InfoCredit.com
Sales and marketing practices of competitors to copy or to even improve

Although it will always remain a threat to the WASABEL Egypt, being copied or even improved is not of a high probability of occurrence. The main reason for it is due the different segment target each processed cheese producer targets. In addition, the WASABEL project is a part from a bigger CSR program on the international/global level which will always remain stronger than any local/national initiative taken by one of BEL's competitors.
Relationships with partners

Whether with its suppliers, distributors or others, BEL maintains strong bonds with its partners. They constitute in general major stakeholders that influence the company in more than one aspect.
Technological environment
(This part has been tackled in detail in cf. strategizing the idea: PESTEL Analysis)
Sociopolitical environment
(This part has been tackled in detail in cf. strategizing the idea: PESTEL Analysis)
SWOT Analysis
(This part has been tackled in detail in cf. strategizing the idea: SWOT Analysis)
Conclusions out of the situation analysis Strategy

Objectives:
1) Anchoring in BEL teams' mindset the culture of preserving the environment. 2) Raising the environmental awareness in the target audience mindset. 3) Raising the Responsibility of BEL's Stakeholders towards Environment.
Segmentation and Target(s) market selection

For the WASABEL project we used a segmentation based on Social Classes. The Egyptian market is divided into 5 segments based on their social and economic levels: Segments A and B are about 6 % of the population; they are the individuals who can easily afford dairy products such yogurt and creamy cheese
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Segment C is about 40 % of the population; they are the individuals who are not as rich as the previous segments but they can afford dairy products if they're interested. Segments D and E who consist the rest of the population; they are the individuals that consider dairy products as a luxury and so they can't afford it. Being a product of high quality, communicating health, safety and security, La vache qui rit targets Segments A & B of the Egyptian society. Therefore WASABEL Egypt targets the same segment.
Positioning
(This part has been tackled in detail in cf. IMC Plan: Positioning)
Financial plan
(This part has been tackled in detail in cf. Financial Analysis)
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J. Operational Plan
1) Roles and Responsibilities:
The Project Team is divided into two groups: 1) UFE Team: Amr Matar Project Manager Mahmoud Gomaa Project Management Specialist Engy ElMekkawy Project Management Specialist
2) BEL Egypt Factory Team: Guy Jawroski Water Consumption Consultant Yassine Bakkari Industrial Director Ahmed Nabil Technical Director Hisham Younis WASABEL Project Manager Ossama AbdelRashid Utilities Supervisor Naguib Hussein Fabrication Manager Assistant Ahmed Yehia Senior Production Supervisor Packing and Packaging Mohamed Fathi Quality Control Manager Ahmed Adel HR Operation Manager
Guy Jawroski Water Consumption Consultant is the sponsor of the Project and the person who is leading the technical recommendations of water consumption techniques. The roles and responsibilities of both teams in details as in the following: Amr Matar UFE Project Manager 1) Understanding the Project Sponsor Requirements and Recommendations 2) Defining Project Scope and Objectives 3) Defining Clear and Identifiable Deliverables 4) Coordinating and Integrating Team Members Functions 5) Creating the Project Management Plan 6) Scheduling Follow Up and Project Status Meetings
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7) Monitoring Project Plan Execution 8) Managing Project Controls and Constraints Mahmoud Gomaa Project Management Specialist 1) Participating in Project Management Plan Creation. 2) Brainstorming New Ideas for Process Improvement. 3) Analysis and Research in different fields of process improvement. 4) Building and Developing Different Plans needed for the Project. 5) Logging and Archiving Meetings Agenda. 6) Process Observation Notes and Documentation. 7) Social Awareness Media Preparation and Documentation. 8) Financial Aspects Analysis. Engy ElMekkawy Project Management Specialist 1) Participating in Project Management Plan Creation. 2) Brainstorming New Ideas for Process Improvement. 3) Analysis and Research in different fields of process improvement. 4) Building and Developing Different Plans needed for the Project. 5) Logging and Archiving Meetings Agenda. 6) Process Observation Notes and Documentation. 7) Social Awareness Media Preparation and Documentation. 8) Marketing and Media Plans Development. Yassine Bakkari Industrial Director 1) Project Initiation and Scope Definition 2) Project team Selection and Recruitment 3) Monitoring Project Objectives Accomplishment Ahmed Nabil Technical Director 1) Coordinating project technical activities among team members. 2) Managing Technical Discussions and Decisions
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Hisham Younis WASABEL Project Manager 1) Understanding the Project Sponsor Requirements and Recommendations 2) Defining Project Scope and Objectives 3) Defining Clear and Identifiable Deliverables 4) Coordinating and Integrating Team Members Functions 5) Creating the Project Management Plan 6) Scheduling Follow Up and Project Status Meetings 7) Monitoring Project Plan Execution 8) Managing Project Controls and Constraints Ossama AbdelRashid Utilities Supervisor 1) Water Counters Data Collection 2) Managing Utilities Improvements Naguib Hussein Fabrication Manager Assistant 1) Managing Fabrication Process Improvements. 2) Implementing Fabrication Process Improvements. 3) Monitoring Fabrication Process Improvements Efficiency and Effectiveness. 4) Communication with Supervisors and Workers. Ahmed Yehia Senior Production Supervisor Packing and Packaging 1) Managing Fabrication Process Improvements. 2) Implementing Fabrication Process Improvements. 3) Monitoring Fabrication Process Improvements Efficiency and Effectiveness. 4) Communication with Supervisors and Workers. Mohamed Fathi Quality Control Manager 1) Assuring the compliance of improvements with Quality Control Standards. 2) Setting New Quality Control Standards for the new process improvements. 3) Monitoring and Controlling the Implementation of new improvements.
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Ahmed Adel HR Operation Manager 1) Defining and Determining Workers Culture Borders. 2) Developing Change management Plans 3) Selecting and Recruiting Workers Groups. 4) Preparing Workers Orientation Sessions Schedules. 5) Assessing and Evaluating Supervisors Performance. 6) Performing Questionnaires and Surveys.
2) Production Process:
BEL Egypt factory is located in the 10th of Ramadan City near Cairo, the Capital of Egypt. The Factory of BEL is composed of Two Areas; the first area represents the Cheese Manufacturing Factory, and the second represents the warehouse of finished products and raw materials. The Cheese manufacturing factory is divided into two production sites; Plant CA which stands for Cairo A Plant, and Plant CB which stands for Cairo B Plant. Both Plants produce 100 tons per day, 50 tons per each plant. Plant CB production is exported to KSA under the brand name of Abu ElWalad which is the same ingredients of La Vache Qui Rit Cheese. The Production Cycle is composed of the following stages: 1) Raw Material Preparation 2) Ingredients Weighing and Preparation 3) Cheese Cooking 4) Pasteurization and UHT 5) Packing and Packaging 6) Carton Production 7) Storage and Warehousing Each of the 7 stages will be discussed in details in the following section. 1) Raw Material Preparation In this stage, the process of receiving the raw materials from the warehouse, storing the raw material in the specific area, and unpacking the raw materials takes place.
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Hygienic environment is maintained in this area to prevent contamination of the raw materials by any harmful bacteria or molds.
2) Ingredients Weighing and Preparation In this stage, the ingredients are being weighed according to the required recipes for La Vache Qui Rit Processed cheese. The recipes are prepared in the form of batches in medium plastic buckets. Each plastic bucket forms a cooking batch with a certain weight. The Fat and Cheddar cheese grinding takes place in this stage using Corazza Grinders.
3) Cheese Creaming and Cooking: The cooking phase is the core of the cheese manufacturing process. This is the step where the ingredients of the La Vache Qui Rit are poured to the cooking funnel, plus the addition of the Vitamin D liquid. The cooking funnels are adjusted to a certain Temperature and Time for complete cooking of the cheese, and then the cooked portion is pumped to a huge cooked cheese tank to be prepared for the next step.
4) Pasteurization and UHT: Pasteurization is a process of heating food, which is usually a liquid, to a specific high temperature for a predefined length of time and then cooling it immediately after its removal from the heat. This process slows spoilage caused by microbial growth in the food. The UHT stands for Ultra Heat Treatment which is the sterilization of food by heating it for an extremely short period, around 12 seconds, at a temperature exceeding 135C (275F), which is the temperature required to kill spores in milk. The most common UHT product is milk, but the process is also used for fruit juices, cream, soy milk, yogurt, wine, soups, honey, and stews. UHT milk was invented in the 1960s, and became generally available for consumption in the 1970s. After pouring the cooked cheese to the large cooked cheese tanks, the cheese is pasteurized using UHT technology getting ready to be filled in Cheese Triangles.
5) Packing and Packaging: After UHT Treatment, the processed cheese is now ready to be filled in Aluminum Paper triangles. This stage takes place in a high Hygienic Area and with zero contact between the
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cheese and any Human Being or Machine Parts. The Cheese goes from the UHT Tank to the Aluminum Triangles immediately.
6) Carton Production: BEL Plant has a Carton production unit that produces the circular boxes that includes the triangles. The production of different package sizes for 8, 16, 24, 32, and 64 triangles are determined according to the market requirements. The raw carton is being reshaped into circular boxes and the front covers are being glued in the BEL Egypt Plant.
7) Storage and Warehousing: The storage of the cheese takes place immediately after the production to prevent the Maillard Browning, change in smell, and change in taste of the cheese. The cheese is being stored in refrigerators in the Warehouse Area for hardening and storage. In the stages of Ingredients weighing and preparation, Cheese Cooking, and Packing and Packaging, a washing process takes place every 45 hours. This washing process is mandatory to maintain a high level of hygiene in the different areas of production to prevent cheese contamination. The washing process is being done using two techniques: 1) CIP or Clean In Place. 2) Manual Technique The CIP is the process is used to wash the pipelines of the UHT units. This process saves a lot of water that was used before to flush water with high amounts into those pipelines to be cleaned from cheese residues. No, those pipelines use a much less amounts of water using close pipeline circuits and storing an amount of the creamy water to be used in the next washing cycle as a primary washing liquid rather than clean water. The Manual Washing process is used in the ingredients preparation area, grinding area, and external machine parts in the cooking area. This manual process is a high water consuming process, especially with the intervention of the human factor.
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3) Washing Process:
The washing process is a process that is done every 45 hours of cheese production. The washing ensures high levels of hygiene and minimal levels of contamination in all areas of cheese production, packing, and packaging. BEL Egypt Factory has 2 Production sites, some facts about the washing process shown in the following: 1) Washing process is done every 45 hours. 2) Washing process is done 6 times per week. 3) Washing process is done 24 times per month. 4) Washing process is done 288 times per year. 5) The washing Process lasts for 3 hours. The above figures indicate that the total washing process hours in BEL Egypt Factory is 864 hours approximately, which reflects a huge amount of water used in the production sites in BEL Egypt Factory. (Accurate information about water consumption was not shared with MPMIE Team) The washing process take place in three locations inside each production site (Plant CA Plant CB): A. Ingredients Weighing and Preparation: The washing in this area is done for floors, walls, stainless steel shelves, stainless steel tables, small buckets, large buckets, cheese and fat grinders, and stainless steel and plastic tools. There is defined washing process for each of the mentioned earlier in this area, but not all employees follow the correct procedure of each washing process. The variance in the way of washing according to each employee wastes a lot of water. A lot of practices that were observed during the washing process that is highly water consuming such as the following: 1) Washing small tools and screws with flushing water from hoses instead of water available in buckets. 2) Washing the internal body of the fat and cheese grinders with flushing water before even removing residues and stuck fat and cheese parts from the internal walls of the machine which consumes a large amount of water. 3) Washing hands using flushing water from hoses.
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4) Rinsing tables and shelves with flushing water then brushing them with soap then flushing them once again with flushing water. 5) Rinsing small and large plastic ingredient preparation buckets with flushing water instead of sinking them in pooled water as an initial rinse before brushing them with soap. B. Cheese Cooking Room The washing in this area involves washing of the cooking machines or the creaming cheese machines. This washing process is divided into automated and manual washing. The automated washing is done for the interior part of the machine and its pipelines, and the manual washing part is done for the external part of the machine. Washing in this area is done using pure water, Alkaline Washing, Soap Washing, then pure water washing at the end and before reoperation. C. Packing and Packaging In this area, the washing process starts with disassembling the packing and packaging machines parts, carrying them on wheeled tables to the washing room, then washing the parts by brushing them in ready pool sinks full of water. Not all workers follow the same procedure, some cleans the machine parts first before brushing them, and other wash their machine parts by flushing them with water for more than 15mins. Observations recorded workers washing couple of tiny machine parts and screws with not less than 30 liters of water. This is a high water consuming process. The hoses used for washing are not monitored with flow meters. The water taps that fill the washing sinks are not monitored with Flow meters too. Although this should be the less water consuming area, it is the highest in water consumption only because the washing process is not monitored or controlled.
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4) Employees Awareness:
Employees in BEL Egypt are divided into the following Groups: 1) Top Management 2) Technical Staff 3) Administration Staff 4) Production Workers 5) Warehouse Workers 6) Administration Workers The different groups of employees are characterized by the differences in education and social level. As a part of WASABEL Project, the employees awareness constitutes an essential pillar of the three pillars of the project; Technical Experience, Project Management, and Employees Awareness. The washing process is the process with the maximum human intervention, especially the manual washing process that takes place every 45 hours. The washing process is the main water consuming process in the cheese manufacturing processes, and to understand the The importance of the awareness comes from the fact that the human factor interventions are to the maximum, and it is considered as a main success factor of the manufacturing process. As it is well known; improving the performance of any process factors will consequently improve the performance of the overall process. Hence, the focus on understanding the environmental facts and raising the social awareness of the employees are very important to improve the Cheese manufacturing process and the water saving practices particularly. The Employees Awareness will take place over two axes as following:
1. Environmental Awareness:
This part will consider the human interactions with the environment; water, air, and land. Employees should understand the different aspect of environment saving and how are we affecting our planets. The environmental resources and how are they being consumed by the continuous haphazard consumption.
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In this axis, we will focus on Water as an important environmental element. Employees should understand in depth the water stress problem and the limitations of clean water resources. The awareness will focus on that the water resources cant be regenerated, and the only way to deal with the problem is to save it. Employees should understand the Value Chain of the Cheese Manufacturing Process and how does this affect the environment over the five stages of the value chain analysis.
The Environmental Policy of BEL Group will be communicated to all employees; the reason for doing this is to deepen the commitment of every employee towards environment. Environmentally Friendly Daily Practices should be embedded in the mindset of every employee.
2. Social Awareness:
In this awareness axis, the evaluation, analysis and improvement of the social part of employees will take place. This is the hardest thing that can ever be done in any company; changing the culture and social part of employees. Planning for this awareness should be taken in consideration seriously and extensively, by understanding the culture effectively the implementation will take place smoothly.
Change has always been a necessary aspect in industry, and the world is changing more rapidly than ever. It is likely that employees should cope with a variety of changes in the rapidly and effectively. The Success and objectives fulfillment - emotional, mental, spiritual and physical well-being - depend on how well employees adapt to change.
The Change Cycle Model (http://www.changecycle.com) states that people react, respond and adjust to change in a sequence of six predictable stages. The Change Cycle model identifies the thoughts, feelings and behaviors associated with each stage of change. The following stages help understand the change stages that every employee goes through: Stage 1 Loss to Safety In Stage 1 the employee admits that regardless of whether or not the perception of the change is good or 'bad" there will be a sense of loss of what "was."
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Stage 2 Doubt to Reality In this stage, the employee doubts the facts, doubts the doubts and struggle to find information about the change that BEL believes is valid. Resentment, skepticism and blame cloud thinking. Stage 3 Discomfort to Motivation The employee will recognize Stage 3 by the discomfort it brings. The change and all it means has now become clear and starts to settle in. Frustration and lethargy rule until possibility takes over. The Danger Zone The Danger Zone represents the pivotal place where you make the choice either to move on to Stage 4 and discover the possibilities the change has presented or to choose fear and return to Stage 1. Stage 4 Discovery to Perspective Stage 4 represents the "light at the end of the tunnel; The Perspective, anticipation, and a willingness to make decisions give a new sense of control and hope. Employee is optimistic about a good outcome because of having choices.
Stage 5 - Understanding In Stage 5, the employee understands the change and more confident, thinks pragmatically, and behaves more productive. Good thing.
Stage 6 - Integration By this time, the employee has regained the ability and willingness to be flexible, and having insight into the ramifications, consequences and rewards of the change - past, present, and future.
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The Employees Awareness sub-project should be implemented by a defined team. The team of the awareness project should consist of the following: 1) Awareness Project Team: The awareness project team should have technical staff members, production supervisors, and HR Specialist. The team should not exceed 5 members and not less than 3 members, and their responsibilities will be to set the Employees Awareness strategy, goals, and objectives. The Awareness Project Team will be reporting directly to the WASABEL Project Manager.
2) Awareness Instructors: Those instructors are favorably elected from the Supervisors and Production Workers. They will pass through an intense induction program about social and environmental awareness information and facts by the Awareness Project Team, then coached on how to teach others and communicated the information and facts effectively and smoothly, and finally assessed for being a successful instructor. Instructors should be educated and assessed regularly to guarantee the quality and efficacy of information and facts they communicate to others. Before starting the training workshops, the observation of workers should be done to evaluate the willingness and commitment of all workers to elect the most suitable workers that are: 1) Credible; 2) Qualified and Confident; 3) Charismatic; 4) Social. The Awareness Campaign and training will require the preparation of the following: 1) Pictures and Videos 2) Instructional Materials such as booklets. 3) Campaign Posters 4) Uniform Badges
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There are several practices and events that can be conducted to support the effectiveness of the awareness training workshops such as: 1) Annual Environment Day Event that includes a festival and games. 2) Environment Friend of the Month Competition. 3) Contributing with the International Environment Events (Ex.: Earth Day). 4) Distributing Posters, Booklets, T-Shirts, and other materials that communicate Environment Friendly Messages among BEL Employees. 5) Designing an Environment Friendly Theme in BEL Egypt Factory. 6) Communicating best Water Saving practices in the production and administration Areas through posters and Uniform Badges. 7) Sharing Water Consumption Figures with All employees through a large counter in the main entrance of the factory, which calculates the percentage of increase or reduction in water consumption, and how may liters where saved each month. 8) Video Recording all Water Consuming Processes with Role Model Workers to acknowledge and accredit their performance and sharing best practices among other workers as well. 9) Workers motivational Actions such as: Monthly Bonus for the Best Water Saver Fixing a Unique and Characteristic Flag on the Machine owned by the Best Water Saver. Mounting the Best Water Saver Picture on the board of successful achievements.
The Environmental and Social Awareness levels should be measured by conducting written surveys and questionnaires, and by observational notes done by the supervisors. Measuring the level of awareness and improvement should be done regularly to emphasize the importance of the awareness process from the workers side, and to have a real time measurement about the effectiveness of the awareness and coaching process.
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5) Work Breakdown Structure WBS:

The Work Breakdown Structure below shows all actions that needs to be done in the project to the level of the work package. Further breakdown can be done at the time of implementing each step.
Task Name Duration 127 days 3 days 1 day 1 day Start 21/21/21 21/21/21 21/21/21 21/21/21 Finish Predecessors 21/60/60 21/21/21 21/21/21 21/21/21 3
BEL Egypt Project Project Initiation Meeting with Industrial Manager Preparing Project Identification Document Defining Roles and Responsibilities for team 1 day 21/21/21 21/21/21 members Preparing Mission Letter Document 1 day 21/21/21 21/21/21 Kick Off Meeting with All Team Members 1 day 21/21/21 21/21/21 Washing Process Observation 6 days 21/21/21 21/21/11 First Washing Visit 1 day 21/21/21 21/21/21 Second Washing Visit 1 day 21/21/21 21/21/21 Third Washing Visit 1 day 21/21/21 21/21/21 Preparing Overall Report for Washing Observation 3 days 21/21/12 21/21/11 Visits Actual Washing Process Documentation 20 days 21/21/12 21/62/12 Video Recording 8 days 21/21/12 21/62/61 Overall Process Video Shooting 5 days 21/21/12 21/21/12 Applying Comments Subtitles on Videos 3 days 21/22/22 21/22/21 Pictures Shooting 8 days 21/21/12 21/62/61 Overall Process Photo Shooting 5 days 21/21/12 21/21/12 Applying Comments on Pictures for every step 3 days 21/22/22 21/22/21 Washing Process Map Analysis 12 days 21/62/61 21/62/12 Prepare the Initial Washing Process map 10 days 21/22/21 21/22/21 Approve Final Washing Process Map 2 days 21/22/21 21/22/12 Project Social Awareness 36 days 21/21/21 21/62/16 Building the Workers Awareness Team 2 days 21/21/21 21/21/21 Preparing the Awareness Materials 7 days 21/62/62 21/62/60 Preparing Awareness Documents 7 days 21/22/22 21/22/21 Preparing Awareness Videos 2 days 21/22/21 21/22/21 Preparing Awareness Pictures 2 days 21/22/21 21/22/21 Approving Awareness Materials 2 days 21/22/21 21/22/21 Training the Awareness Team 15 days 21/22/22 21/22/12 Preparing Instructional Posters in Different Washing 7 days 21/22/21 21/22/21 Processes Fixing Each Instructional Poster in Place 2 days 21/22/21 21/22/21 Washing Process Improvement 100 days 21/62/21 21/60/60 Problems Definition 54 days 21/62/21 21/61/61 Project Introduction Meetings with Workers 21 days 21/22/12 21/21/11 Select Brainstorming Team Members from 3 days 21/21/22 21/21/22 Workers Performing Focus Groups according to Number of 21 days 21/21/21 21/21/21 Workers selected
5 6 7 9 10 11
12 15 12 18 19 21
18 16 19 28 29 28 31
30 35 36
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Project Team Brainstorming Session Define Areas of Improvements Measuring the impact of problems on process Data Collection Counters Allocation Defining Specifications and Locations Purchasing Process Installation and Operation Water Consumption Readings Charting and Analysis Update Forms of Data Collection Assign Team Members for Data Collection Data Collection for All Counters Charting and Analysis of Data Collected Updating Charting and Analysis of Data Collected Defining Areas of Improvements Analyzing Alternatives and Solutions for problems Cause - Effect Analysis Workers Brainstorming Session 5Ys Analysis Measuring Alternatives Impact Preparing a List of Actions for Improvements Designing Implementation Plans Process Map Modification Analysis Design Initial Implementation Plan Pilot Implementation Testing Design Final Implementation Plan Approving Final Implementation Plan Developing Control and Monitoring Plans Defining Water Consumption Controls Designing Water Consumption Control Charts Developing Water Consumption Control Plan Approving Final Water Consumption Control Plan 1 day 1 day 67 days 65 days 43 days 1 day 21 days 21 days 21/22/21 21/22/21 21/22/12 21/22/12 21/62/11 21/61/11 21/62/11 21/61/11 21/62/11 21/61/12 21/22/11 21/22/11 21/22/11 21/21/12 21/21/12 21/21/12 21/61/11 21/21/12 21/21/11 21/21/21 21/21/11 21/21/11 21/21/11 21/62/61 21/21/12 21/21/12 21/21/12 21/21/12 21/22/21 21/62/11 21/22/21 21/22/22 21/22/12 21/22/11 21/22/11 21/60/60 21/21/21 21/21/21 21/22/12 21/21/21 45 45 48 49 50 51 52 52 52 56 57 58 60 61 62 63 64 66 64 68 21 38
39 43 44
22 days 21/61/11 2 days 1 day 20 days 1 day 1 day 1 day 7 days 1 day 1 day 1 day 3 days 3 days 15 days 1 day 4 days 7 days 2 days 1 day 9 days 7 days 2 days 4 days 2 days 21/21/11 21/21/11 21/21/12 21/21/11 21/21/11 21/21/11 21/61/12 21/21/12 21/21/12 21/21/12 21/21/11 21/22/22 21/62/60 21/22/21 21/22/21 21/22/21 21/22/11 21/22/11 21/62/11 21/22/11 21/21/22 21/22/11 21/22/12
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K. Financial Analysis
Our financial assessment will vary according to many factors in the Egyptian Economic and Political situation. The Egyptian political situation is instable during the current period, which will lead to an increase in the inflation rate. It is also expected that Egypt will be forced to sign future agreements like (Entebbe Agreement) which will decrease the Egyptian water share of the Nile.
To make the correct forecast we divided our study on three different situations: Most Likely: Will describe the current situation according to what is happening in Egypt till the date of the report, it will show as well the reflection of the Egyptian government decisions on the water price and how the project will be affected. Pessimistic: Will describe how the project profitability will be affected is case of an aggressive increase in water price. Optimistic: Will describe how the project profitability will be affected is case of normal inflation rate regarding to water price.
In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Inflation's effects on an economy are various and can be simultaneously positive and negative. The main idea in our project is to reduce the quantity of water consumed during production. And for an environmental project any financial gain will be considered as a secondary benefit. Our project is considered as one of the cases in which the inflation is considered positive and negative. Negative: Any increase in prices will be considered as an increase in costs, which will reflect on the end product price. Positive: The financial gain in our project will be generated from the cost of water saved, any inflation in the water price will be considered as an additional financial gain. Our three scenarios will be discussed from a CSR project point of view, which means that the pessimistic scenario will be the one generating the highest financial gain.
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Who to market the project from a financial point of view?

Not a lot of firms are convinced to implement a CSR project into their factories as they are considering the money paid as a loss. The financial assessment will show that the project will be able to return the money paid during an average period of time of four years. That could be used as a useful marketing tool as the project perspective will be considered as an investment, and the word loss will be substituted with the word cost.
The financial assessment start by describing our Costs: (All figures are calculated in EGP, All costs are calculated by Unit Price multiply by the quantity used).
The costs analysis is divided into five main parts: 1. Production machines 2. Flow meters 3. Education Materials 4. Instructional Materials 5. Team Member Wages
1. Production Machines
Technical machines will be implemented into the production process in order to reduce the water waste. Three main types will be used: 1. Cheese Creaming Machine 2. Instruments Washing Machines 3. High Pressure Water Washing Pumps Items 1. Production machines Cheese Creaming Machine Instruments Washing Machines High Pressure Water Washing Pumps 110000 10000 4000 2 2 4 Price Per Unit Quantity Total (EGP) 256000 220000 20000 16000
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Machines Prices:
2 machines of cheese creaming; 2 washing machines and; 4 high pressure washing pumps. Total cost = 256000 EGP
2. Flow meters
Flow meters are used to calculate the water flow volumes. Flow Water Volume is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow meters are placed on the pipeline in order to help calculate the quantity of water used in each production phase. Two types of flow meters will be used: A. Main Flow meters: They are used on the main machines and main pipelines. B. Secondary Flow meters: They are used on the secondary pipeline used for hoses and secondary water outlets. The estimation of the number of flow meters used was chosen according to the factory pipeline map, and after consulting the factory engineers. Prices have been fixed after a market research. Items 2. Flow meters Main Flow meters Secondary Flow meters 6700 3000 5 12 Price Per Unit Quantity Total (EGP) 69500 33500 36000
Flow meters prices: 5 Main Flow meters. 12 Secondary Flow meters. Total cost = 69500 EGP
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3. Education Materials
The education materials are the tools used to educate employees in the factory regarding water management and the new water saving techniques. Education materials used are Pictures, Videos, and Booklets.
Items 3. Education Materials Pictures Capturing and Editing Videos Capturing and Editing Booklets Writing and Editing
Price Per Unit
Quantity
Total (EGP) 8500
25 100 300
100 30 10
2500 3000 3000
Pictures and videos captured in Egypt and in other factories that implemented the project will be included in the sessions given to the employees. Total cost of Education materials are estimated by = 8500 EGP
4. Instructional Materials
Instructional Materials are wall posters, machines stickers and badges. They are used mainly to remind employees of the importance of the water and the new ways of washing and water saving.
Items 4. Instructional Materials Wall Posters Machines Stickers Water Consumption Area Codes Posters Arm and Coat Badges
Price Per Unit
Quantity
Total (EGP) 9950
75 3 30 5
50 100 30 1000
3750 300 900 5000
All prices are calculated according to market research. Instructional materials cost = 9950 EGP
5. Team Member Wages

The wages are calculated for employees during the project period only; no additional wages will be paid. All costs are calculated wages per hour.
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Three types of employees will be working on the project: 1. French Consultant: Mr. Guy Jaworski, he is the highest paid, estimated of 500 EGP Per day. 2. BEL Employee: their wages are calculated as per everyone position in the project. 3. French Students: Not Paid. Items 5. Team Member Wages Guy Jaworski Yassine Bakkari Ahmed Nabil Hisham Youniss Ossama AbdelRashid Ahmed Ali Ahmed Adel Naguib Hussain Amr Matar Ingy ElMekkawy Mahmoud Gomaa 500 300 250 300 150 150 150 150 0 0 0 50 10 20 50 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 Price Per Unit Quantity Total (EGP) 66000 25000 3000 5000 15000 4500 4500 4500 4500 0 0 0
Total wages paid = 66000 EGP
Total Cost (EGP) =
409950
Production Growth
BEL Egypt firm is working under the capacity of two factories: Factory A = Produce 50 Tone of Cheese per day Factory B = Produce 50 Tone of Cheese per day Working Days = 280 Days per year This gives a total of 28000 tons of produced cheese per year.
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The company estimate to increase the quantity of produced cheese as per the following table during the upcoming five years. Year 1 2 3 4 5 % 25 15 15 10 10
This gives us the following result in (KG) Year 1 2 3 4 5 Production (KG) 35000000 40250000 46287500 50916250 56007875
Cost saving analyses

Before the Project; The firm is consuming 2.2 Liter of water for each KG of produced cheese. According the production growth, the quantity of water consumed will be. Year 1 2 3 4 5 Quantity Water Before 77000000 88550000 101832500 112015750 123217325
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After the Project; According to research made and previous studies on such project in other countries the quantity of water needed will decrease from 2.2 to 1Liter per 1Kg of produced cheese. So this gives the following results. Year 1 2 3 4 5 Quantity Water After 35000000 40250000 46287500 50916250 56007875
Variance
Difference between Before and after Year 1 2 3 4 5 Variance 42000000 48300000 55545000 61099500 67209450
Inflation
As mentioned we have got three scenarios for the inflation, the water inflation rate is estimated by 9% during the last three years according to trading economics. All the estimations made for the three scenarios are for the 1st year only and then the other four years return to the initial rate. Most Likely: Egyptian Economics estimate that Egypt will have an increase in the water price in any of the cases, even if they werent any external factors. As the Egyptian population is increasing with high rates and the government arent providing new sources of potable water, and then they have to increase the water price in order to limit the excess of use. The inflation was estimated by 20%.
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Optimistic: The unseen scenario that predicts that the inflation rate will be maintained the same as the last years, and the government will be able to provide water sources to cover the population need, and no external variable will affect the water price. The inflation rate will be 9%.
Pessimistic: The pessimistic scenario imagine that the Egyptian government will have to sign Entebbe agreement and so the Egyptian share of the Nile water will decrease, and then the government will have to increase to the highest rate of inflation, estimated by 30%. The pessimistic scenario doesnt only expect the water price to increase, but also expect the inexistence of the sufficient supply for the Egyptians needs.
Cost Saved
During 2012 the price of one cubic meter of water provided to factories is EGP 1.75 Water Price 2012 (L)= 0.00175
Most Likely
Year 1 2 3 4 5 Variance 42000000 48300000 55545000 61099500 67209450 Inflation % 20 9 9 9 9 Price (EGP) 0.00210 0.00229 0.00250 0.00272 0.00296 Cost Saved 88200 110559 138585 166164 199230
Total Cost Saved (EGP)
702738
Optimistic
638321
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Pessimistic
761299
Net Present Value

NPV is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment or project. NPV analysis is sensitive to the reliability of future cash inflows that an investment or project will yield. NPV compares the value of an Egyptian Pound today to the value of that same Egyptian Pound in the future, taking inflation and returns into account. If the NPV of a prospective project is positive, it should be accepted. However, if NPV is negative, the project should probably be rejected because cash flows will also be negative. The interest rate is calculated on the rate of 12%
Most Likely
Net Present Value (NPV) Year 1 2 3 4 5 Interest Rate % Cost Saved 88200.0 110558.7 138585.3 166163.8 199230.4 12 NPV 78750.0 88136.7 98642.3 105600.1 113048.7 Accumulated 78750 166887 265529 371129 484178
NPV
74227.81
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Optimistic
Net Present Value (NPV) Year 1 2 3 4 5 NPV Interest Rate % Cost Saved 80115.0 100424.2 125881.7 150932.1 180967.6 12 NPV 71531.3 80057.5 89600.1 95920.1 102685.9 29844.84 Accumulated 71531 151589 241189 337109 439795
Pessimistic
Net Present Value (NPV) Year 1 2 3 4 5 NPV Interest Rate % Cost Saved 95550.0 119771.9 150134.1 180010.8 215832.9 12 NPV 85312.5 95481.4 106862.5 114400.1 122469.4 114575.96 Accumulated 85313 180794 287656 402057 524526
Profitability Index
PI is an index that attempts to identify the relationship between the costs and benefits of a proposed project through the use of a ratio calculated. A ratio of 1.0 is logically the lowest acceptable measure on the index, any value lower than 1.0 would indicate that the project's PV is less than the initial investment. As values on the profitability index increase, so does the financial attractiveness of the proposed project.
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Most Likely
Profitability Index = 1.18
Optimistic
Pessimistic
As already mentioned we can recognize that the PI index in the pessimistic is higher than the optimistic, that is because it is a cost saving project not an investment that provides gain.
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

The discount rate often used in capital budgeting that makes the net present value of all cash flows from a particular project equal to zero. Generally speaking, the higher a project's internal rate of return, the more desirable it is to undertake the project. As such, IRR can be used to rank several prospective projects a firm is considering. Assuming all other factors are equal among the various projects, the project with the highest IRR would probably be considered the best and undertaken first.
Most Likely
IRR 15%
Optimistic
IRR 7%
Pessimistic
IRR 22%
Payback Period
It is the length of time required to recover the cost of investment. The payback period of a given investment or project is an important determinant of whether to undertake the position or project, as longer payback periods are typically not desirable for investment positions. The three Scenarios payback period are around 4 years and one month.
Source of Definitions: Investopedia
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L. Conclusion
From water abundance to water stress and management; from using water as an infinite resource to using it with precaution; our planet that for so many years was abused is now teaching us a lesson. Throughout the WASABEL Egypt Project, we've learned a lot. Being offered the opportunity to work on an environmental project in a working environment such as BEL's was of a great benefit to us. Being given the opportunity to work in the ambiance of such a large group with a unified vision and mission all over its subsidiaries was of a great added value to us. We've learned the importance of combining the technical aspects of a project with its project management aspect. We've also learned a lot about the processed cheese industry, about such industries' quality standards, and safety norms. We also believe that our different perspective of the project helped the BEL Egypt team to look at the WASABEL project from another angle and made them aware of, perhaps very basic solutions, they were not able to notice because of what is known today as the curse of knowledge(1). At the end, we think that going through this experience with BEL Egypt can be described as a winwin relationship though the numerous obstacles that we faced, the many conflicts we've been through and the many failures we thought were the end!! But who said that success was easy. "Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm." Winston Churchill
(1)
The curse of knowledge is a cognitive bias according to which better-informed people find it extremely difficult to think about problems from the perspective of lesser-informed people. The term was coined by Robin Hogarth.
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M. Retrospective Analysis
Throughout the project we The UFE Team faced a lot of obstacle, troubles and conflicts. As a sense of responsibility towards other teams who might go through the same experience, we would like introduce those obstacles, troubles and conflicts with suggested resolutions.
A. Team Related Obstacles, troubles, or conflicts:

1) The number of Team members from the UFE side was insufficient in relation to the size of the project. Suggested Resolution; Projects should be appropriately estimated before assigning team members the projects.
2) The UFE team communication and follow up was to the minimum due to time stress and squeezed schedule for all team members. Suggested Resolution; Regular Follow up hours should be assigned before classes to ensure the team follow up is being done.
3) No Assigned Roles and Responsibility was done in the planning phase that led to Responsibilities Contrarieties. Suggested Resolution; Roles and Responsibilities should be assigned and listed initially in the kick off meeting, then detailed later on in the planning phase.
4) Miscommunication with the BEL Group team regarding scope and objectives of the project. Suggested Resolution; A Detailed Scope Statement should be prepared and communicated to the UFE team prior any communication with the company or partner. 5) The existence of two Project Managers for the project One from UFE Team Side and the Other from BEL Egypt Side in the case of Industrial partnership projects. Suggested Resolution; The Project Manager should be unified and assigned clearly from the beginning by the Academic University.
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6) No Previous experience of some of the team members about the Industry of the project. Suggested Resolution; Team members should be elected carefully or induction programs should be introduced at the beginning of the project.
B. Project Related obstacles, troubles, or conflicts:

1) The project objectives was not defined and listed clearly by the UFE Side. Suggested Resolution; Project Objectives and Deliverables should be defined, listed and discussed clearly with the UFE Side prior any communication with the industrial partner. 2) The Project Actual Project objectives didnt include any of the Master Program Objectives which caused a conflict to the UFE Team members. Suggested Resolution; The Projects should be selected in a way that ensures the achievement of the Master Degree objectives and Deliverables.
3) Project Requirements and Deliverables (Documents, Plans, Reports, Data, Information, etc.) were not stated at the beginning of the project. Suggested Resolution; All requirements ad deliverables should be stated and communicated clearly to all team members prior the project start.
4) The Project size was not suitable to the time assigned to deliver the project. Suggested Resolution; Projects should be appropriately estimated and selected.
5) Difficulty in Data Exchange with the Industrial Partner. Suggested Resolution; Partnership regulations should be agreed upon between the Academic University and the Industrial Partner prior the start of the project to grant the sharing of information effectively.
C. Industry Related:
1) No economical or financial data available about the industry in Egypt. Suggested Resolution; The Academic University should assist the team of the project by references or sources of finding information.
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Did you know Appendix 2: The Environmental Law Appendix 3: BEL Foundation
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Appendix 1 Did you know that:

point: is a French expression meaning in perfect ripening conditions. Affinage: is a French word denoting aging or ripening of cheeses. Annatto: is a natural yellow to reddish-orange food colorant widely used in cheeses. Derived
from seeds of the Annatto tree.
AOC: "Appellation d'Origine Contrle" or "Nomenclature of Controlled Origin" is a guarantee to

the consumer of the geographical region the cheese is made in, the milk it is made of, the tradition of the cheese making and ripening. It applies to agricultural products such as cheese, butter and wines. They are accorded by INAO, the National Institute of Origin Nomenclature; there are 43 AOC cheese in France.
Artisan cheese: is Cheese handcrafted in small batches. PDO: "Protected Denomination of Origin", is the analog of the AOC (which is at the French
national level) at the European level, to avoid imitation products. Started in 1992, it now counts 156 cheeses (among which 43 are AOC French cheeses).
Bloomy rind: is white, thin, light growth of the mold Penicillium Candidum in soft
cheeses like Brie, Camembert, Triple Crme and Coulommiers.
Blue veining: is blue-green marbling occurring in cheeses inoculated with bacteria

Penicillium Roqueforti or Penicillium Gorgonzola. Seen in blue cheeses such as Roquefort, Gorgonzola or Stilton.
Brine: is a mix of salt and water used to cool, conserve or add salt to cheese. Casein: is the main protein in milk, the other being whey protein. These are considered the main
building blocks for cheese.
Caseophile: is someone who loves cheese. Creamery:

Usually refers to a small dairy production facility.
Curdling: is the separation of milk into liquid and solid components. Curds: is the result of the coagulation of milk, usually in semi-solid very wet portions. Fleurines: are currents of air circulating in caves where cheeses like Roquefort are aged. Rennet:is a n enzyme used to coagulate cheese.
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Washed rind cheeses: Cheeses washed, bathed or sprayed with brine or alcohol to promote
ripening.
Waxed cheeses: are cheeses covered in paraffin to protect the cheese during aging. Examples
are Gouda and Edam.
Whey: is a liquid expelled during cheese pressing. Whey cheeses: are cheeses made from the liquid extracted from the curds. They are usually very
soft with very little aging, like ricotta.
Pasta Filata cheeses: are cheeses in which the curds are stretched and rolled in order to make
the shape of the cheese (e.g., Mozzarella).
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Appendix 2
Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs
LAW NUMBER 4 of 1994*
PROMULGATING
THE ENVIRONMENT LAW
Amended By Law No. 9 for 2009
123
LAW NUMBER 4 of 1994
PROMULGATING
THE ENVIRONMENT LAW
EGYPT
124
LAW NUMBER 4 OF 1994 PROMULGATING THE ENVIRONMENT LAW1
In the name of the People The President of the Republic The People's Assembly has ratified the following law which we have sanctioned and promulgated:
ARTICLE (1)
WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE RULES AND PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN SPECIAL LAWS, THE PROVISIONS OF THE ATTACHED LAW SHALL APPLY IN RESPECT OF THE ENVIRONMENT.
ESTABLISHMENTS EXISTING AT THE TIME OF THE ENACTMENT OF THIS LAW ARE HELD TO ADJUST THEIR STATUS IN LINE WITH ITS PROVISIONS WITHIN THREE YEARS FROM THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF ITS EXECUTIVE REGULATIONS, WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF LAW 48/1982 CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE RIVER NILE AND WATERWAYS FROM POLLUTION.
THE CABINET MAY, ON THE BASIS OF A PROPOSAL BY THE MINISTER IN CHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS, EXTEND THIS GRACE PERIOD FOR NO MORE THAN TWO YEARS, IF NECESSARY AND IF THE CABINET IS SATISFIED THAT SERIOUS PROCEDURES HAVE BEEN TAKEN TO PUT PROVISIONS OF THE ATTACHED LAW INTO FORCE .
1 The official Journal-issue No. 5 on 3/2/1994
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ARTICLE (2)
THE PRIME MINISTER SHALL, ON THE BASIS OF A PROPOSAL BY THE MINISTER IN CHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AFTER CONSULTING THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE 2 ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AGENCY( ),ISSUE THE EXECUTIVE REGULATIONS OF THE ATTACHED LAW WITHIN SIX MONTHS FROM THE DATE ON WHICH IT COMES INTO FORCE.
THE MINISTERS SHALL, EACH IN HIS RESPECTIVE AREA OF COMPETENCE, ISSUE THE RATES AND PERCENTAGES REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT THE PROVISIONS OF PART II OF THE ATTACHED LAW, WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE (5), WITHIN THE PERIOD MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPH.
2 Shall be abbreviated as EEAA.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report ARTICLE (3) LAW 72 OF 1968 CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION OF SEA WATER BY OIL IS HEREBY REPEALED, AS ARE ALL OTHER PROVISIONS RUNNING COUNTER TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE ATTACHED LAW. ARTICLE (4) THIS LAW SHALL BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE AND SHALL COME INTO FORCE ON THE DAY FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ITS PUBLICATION.
THIS LAW SHALL BE STAMPED WITH THE SEAL OF STATE AND ENFORCED AS A LAW OF THE STATE. ISSUED AT THE PRESIDENCY OF THE REPUBLIC ON 15 SHAABAN HEJIRA YEAR 1414 (CORRESPONDING TO 27 JANUARY, 1994).
Signed by
"HOSNY MOBARAK
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LAW NUMBER 4 of 1994
PROMULGATING THE ENVIRONMENT LAW Amended By Law No. 9 for 2009
EGYPT
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Table of Contents
PRELIMINARY PART CHAPTER ONE: CHAPTER TWO: CHAPTER THREE: CHAPTER FOUR: General Provisions (ARTICLE1) Environmental Affairs Agency (ARTICLES 2 to 13 Bis) Environmental Protection Fund (ARTICLES 14 to 16) Incentives (ARTICLES 17to 18) 17 2 9 15
PART ONE:
PROTECTION OF LAND ENVIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION Development and Environment (ARTICLES 19 to 28) Hazardous Material and Waste (ARTICLES 29 to 33) 21 17
CHAPTER ONE: CHAPTER TWO:
PART TWO:
PROTECTION OF AIR ENVIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION (ARTICLES 34 to 47 Bis-1) PROTECTION OF WATER ENVIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (ARTICLES 48 to 68) Oil Pollution (ARTICLES 48 to 59) Pollution By Harmful Substances (ARTICLES 60 to 65) Pollution from Sewage and Garbage (ARTICLES 66 to 68) POLLUTION FROM LAND BASED SOURCES
(ARTICLES 69 to 75)
22
PART THREE:
CHAPTER ONE: SECTION ONE: SECTION TWO: SECTION THREE: CHAPTER TWO:
27 27 31 32
32
CHAPTER THREE:
INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATES (ARTICLES 76 to 77)
34
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CHAPTER FOUR:
ADMINISTRATIVE AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES

(ARTICLES 78 to 83 Bis)
35
PART FOUR: PENALTIES (ARTICLES 84 to 101) FINAL PROVISIONS

(ARTICLES 102 to 104)
37 43
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PRELIMINARY PART
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1: In the application of the provisions of this Law, the following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them: 1. Environment: The biosphere which encompasses living organisms together with the substances it contains and the air, water and soil that surround it, as well as the establishments set up by man. 2. Air: The mixture of gases constituting air in its known percentages and natural properties, and in the provisions of this Law, it is the ambient air, air within the work places, and air in closed or semiclosed public places. 3. The Convention: The International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships (1973-1978), and international conventions, to which the Arab Republic of Egypt adheres, in the area of the protection of the marine environment from pollution and compensation for pollution accidents. 4. Public Place: A place equipped to receive people or a specific category of people for any purpose. 5. Closed Public Place: A public place which is in the form of an integrated building that receives no incoming air except from designated inlets. Vehicles for public transport are considered closed public places. 6. Semi-closed Public Place: A public place which is in the form of a non-integrated building with direct access to the ambient air and which cannot be completely closed. 7. Environmental Pollution3: Any change in environmental properties that leads directly or indirectly to undermining man's health, negatively impacting his ability to lead a normal life, or harming natural habitats, living organisms or biological diversity.
3 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report 8. Environmental Degradation: Effect on the environment that reduces its value, or changes its nature, depletes its resources or harms living organisms or monuments. 9. Environmental Protection: Protecting and promoting the components of the environment and preventing or reducing their degradation or pollution. These components encompass air, seas, internal waters, including the river Nile, lakes and subterranean water, land, natural protectorates, and other natural resources. 10. Air Pollution4: Any change in the properties and specifications of the natural air that results in hazards to human health or to the environment, whether resulting from natural factors or human activities, including noise and offensive odors. 11. Rapid Transport Vehicles: Motor cars, tractors, motorcycles and other machines designed for use on public roads. 12. Water Pollution: The introduction of any substance or energy into the water environment, whether intentionally or unintentionally, directly or indirectly, which causes damage to living or non-living resources, poses a threat to human health or hinders water activities, fishing and tourist activities or impairs the quality of sea water so as to render it unfit for use, diminish the enjoyment thereof or alter its properties. 13. Polluting Substances and Factors: Any solid, liquid or gaseous substances, noise, radiation, heat, or vibrations arising from acts of man that lead directly or indirectly to environmental pollution or degradation. 14. Water Polluting Substances: Any substance whose discharge into the water environment, intentionally or unintentionally, leads to a change in its properties, or contributes to such change directly or indirectly to an extent that can harm man, natural resources, sea water or marine tourist areas, or which interferes with other legitimate uses of the sea. These substances include:
AB-
Oil or oily mixtures. Harmful and dangerous wastes as determined in the international conventions to which the Arab Republic of Egypt adheres. Any other substance (solid, liquid or gaseous) as determined in the executive regulations of this law. Untreated industrial waste or effluents from industrial establishments.
C-
D-
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report EF15. Oil: Crude oil and its products in all forms, including any kind of liquid hydrocarbons, lubricating oil, fuel oil, refined oil, furnace oil, tar and other petroleum derivatives or waste. 16. Oily Mixtures: Any mixture containing oil in a ratio of more than 15: 1,000,000. 17. Unclean Balancing Water (Unclean Ballast Water): Water in ship-borne tanks if its oil content is greater than 15:1,000,000. 18. Hazardous Substances: Substances having dangerous properties which are hazardous to human health or which adversely affect the environment, such as contagious, toxic, explosive or flammable substances or those with ionizing radiation. 19. Hazardous Waste: Waste of activities and processes or its ashes which retain the properties of hazardous substances and have no subsequent original or alternative uses, like clinical waste from medical treatments or the waste resulting from the manufacture of any pharmaceutical products, drugs, organic solvents, printing fluid, dyes and painting materials. 20. Substance Handling: Anything that leads to the displacement of substances for the purpose of assembling, transporting, storing, treating, or using them. 21. Waste Management: Collecting, transporting, recycling and disposing of waste. 22. Waste Disposal: Processes which do not extract or recycle waste such as composting, deep subterranean injection, discharge to surface water, biological treatment, physio-chemical treatment, permanent storage or incineration. 23. Waste Recycling: Processes which allow the extraction or recycling of waste, such as using it as fuel, or extracting metals and organic materials or soil treatment or oil re-refining. 24. Liquid Substances Harmful to the Water Environment: The substances listed in the International Convention of 1973/1978. Toxic military containers. Substances listed in the Convention and its annexes.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report 25. Reception Facilities: Installations, equipment and basins designed to receive, filter, treat and dispose of contaminated substances or ballast water, as well as installations provided by companies working in the field of shipping and unloading petroleum products; or other administrative agencies supervising ports and waterways. 26. Discharge5: Any leakage, effluence, emission, draining or disposal of any kind of pollutants into the river Nile, watercourses, territorial waters, or the exclusive economic zone, or the sea; taking into consideration the limits and pollutants loads determining certain substances pursuant to the executive regulation of this law, and what is determined by the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EEAA in coordination with relevant authorities without violating the rules of this law and its executive regulation. 27. Dumping: A- Any deliberate disposal of polluting substances or waste from ships, planes, platforms or other industrial establishments and land-based sources into the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the sea. B- Any deliberate dumping by ships or industrial or other establishments into the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the sea. Taking into consideration provisions of International Conventions to which the Arab Republic of Egypt is party thereto; placing any substances such as cables, pipes, instruments of scientific research and monitoring and other devices in the sea for purposes other than disposing of them, shall not be considered dumping6. 28. Compensation: Means compensation for all kinds of damage resulting from pollution incidents caused by violating laws and international conventions which Arab Republic of Egypt is a party thereto, from pollution incidents involving toxic and any other harmful substances, as well as pollution resulting from air pollution, collision and keeling of ships or arising during their loading or unloading, or caused by any other accidents. Compensation includes making up for environmental and traditional damage, as well as costs of restoring matters to their original state or remedying the environment 7. 29. Means of Oil Transport: Every pipeline used in transporting oil and any other equipment used in loading, unloading or transporting oil, as well as pumps or other equipment required for the use of these pipes.
5 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 6 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 7 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report 30. Ship: Any floating marine vessel of any type, vessels which move over hydrofoil cushions or underwater establishments. Also, any fixed or mobile establishment constructed along the coasts or on surface water for the purpose of conducting commercial, industrial, touristic or scientific activities 31. War Ship: Any ship that belongs to the armed forces of a state, carrying its distinct external insignia, under the command of an officer officially appointed by the government of such state and operated by a crew governed by the rules of military discipline of that state. 32. Government Ship: A ship owned by the state and operated or used for governmental and non-commercial purposes. 33. Harmful Materials Carrier: A ship constructed originally or redesigned for the purpose of carrying cargoes of harmful liquid substances in bulk, including oil tankers when fully or partially loaded with harmful liquid substances not packed in accordance with the provisions stated in Chapter One, Part Three of this Law. 34. Establishment: Establishment means the following: Industrial establishments subject to the provisions of Law No. 21 of 1958 and Law No. 55 of 1977. Tourist establishments subject to the provisions of Law No. 1 of 1973 and Law No. 1 of 1992.
Establishments used for electrical power generation and production which are under the provisions of laws Nos. 145/1948, 63/1974, 12/1976, 13/1976, 27/1976, and 103/1986. Mines, quarries and establishments operating in the field of oil exploration, drilling, transportation and usage which are subject to the provisions of laws Nos. 66/1953, 86/1956, 61/1958 and 4/1988. All infrastructure projects. Any other establishment, activity or project which may have a noticeable impact on the environment. These shall be determined by a decision issued by the Environmental Affairs Agency in agreement with the competent administrative authority. Environmental Monitoring Networks: Agencies which undertake, within their spheres of competence and through their stations and work units, to monitor the components and pollutants of the environment and relay their results and data to the competent authorities periodically.
35.
36.
Environmental Impact Assessment:
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Studying and analyzing the environmental feasibility of proposed projects, whose construction or activities might affect the safety of the environment in order to protect it. 37. Environmental Disaster: An accident resulting from natural factors or human action which causes severe damage to the environment and requires resources beyond the local means. 38. The competent Administrative Agency Concerned with the Environment: Protection of the Water
Any of the following agencies, each within its field of competence: A- The Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) B- The Egyptian Authority for Maritime Safety8. C- The Suez Canal Authority. D- Port Authorities in ARE. E- The General Egyptian Organization for the Protection of the Coast. F- Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation. (EGPC). G- General Department of Surface Water Police. H- Tourism Development Authority. I- Other agencies designated by a Prime Ministerial Decree. 39. Coastal zone9: The area extending from the coasts of Arab Republic of Egypt encompasses the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, and extending landward to areas of active interactions with the marine environment for that not exceeding 30 km in the desert areas, unless major topographical features interrupt this stretch, while in Nile Delta would extend up and contour (+3m). Each of the coastal governorates shall define their coastal zone according to its physical conditions and environmental resources, not in any case less than "10 km" landward from coast line. 40. The Integrated Environmental Management of Costal Zones10: A method based on the participation of all relevant authorities to coordinate among each other to ensure the environment protection in coastal zones.
9 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 10 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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CHAPTER TWO THE ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AGENCY
Article 2: An agency for the protection and promotion of the environment shall be established within the cabinet premiership under the name the "Environmental Affairs Agency". The Agency shall have a public juridical personality and shall be affiliated to the competent Minister for Environmental Affairs. It shall have an independent budget and its head office shall be located in Cairo. The Minister for Environmental Affairs may establish branches for the Agency in the governorates by ministerial decree, priority to be given to industrial areas. Article 3: The chairman of the Agency shall be appointed on the basis of the nomination of the Minister for Environmental Affairs and the proposal of the Prime Minister. His appointment shall be effected by a presidential decree which shall include his financial remuneration Article 4: The Environmental Affairs Agency shall replace the agency established by Presidential Decree 631 of 1982 in all its rights and obligations, and the employees of the said agency shall be transferred with their grades and seniority to the Environmental Affairs Agency. Article 5: The Agency shall formulate the general policy and lay down the necessary plans for the protection and promotion of the environment and follow up the implementation of such plans in coordination with the competent administrative authorities. The Agency shall have the authority to implement some pilot projects. The Agency shall be the national authority responsible for strengthening environmental relations between the ARE and other countries and regional and international organizations. The Agency shall recommend taking the necessary legal procedures to adhere to regional and international conventions related to the environment and prepare the necessary draft laws and decrees required for the implementation of such conventions. For the fulfillment of its objects, the Agency may: Prepare draft laws and decrees related to the fulfillment of its objects and express its opinion on proposed legislation related to the protection of the environment. Prepare studies on the state of the environment, formulate the national plan with the projects included for the protection of the environment, prepare the estimated budgets for each as well as environmental maps of urban areas and areas to be developed and lay down the criteria to be observed when planning and developing new areas as well as the criteria targeted for old areas.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Lay down the criteria and conditions which owners of projects and establishments must observe before the start of construction and during the operation of these projects. Draw up a comprehensive list of national institutions and organizations as well as of qualified individuals who could contribute in the preparation and execution of environmental protection programmes and could be made use of in preparing and implementing the projects and studies undertaken by the Agency. Conduct field follow-up of compliance with the criteria and conditions that are binding to agencies and establishments and take the procedures prescribed by law against those who violate such criteria and conditions. Determining and ensuring abidance by standards, percentages and pollutants loads 11. Gather national and international information on the environmental situation and the changes affecting it on a periodical basis in cooperation with the information centers of other agencies, publish such information and evaluate and utilize it in environmental management and planning. Lay down the principles and procedures for assessing the environmental effects of projects. Prepare an environmental contingency plan in the manner stated in article 25 of this Law and coordinate with the competent bodies in the preparation of programs to face environmental disasters. Lay down a plan for environmental training and supervise its implementation. Participate in the preparation and implementation of the national program for environmental monitoring and make use of the data provided thereby. Compile and publish periodic reports on the main environmental indicators. Prepare programs for the environmental education of the public and assist in their implementation. Coordinate with other competent authorities in connection with regulating and setting safety standards for the conveyance of hazardous materials. Administer and supervise natural protectorates. Prepare the draft budgets required for the protection and promotion of the environment. Follow up the implementation of international and regional conventions related to the environment. Propose economic mechanisms to encourage different activities and procedures for the prevention of pollution. Implement pilot projects for the preservation of natural resources and the protection of the environment from pollution.
Coordinate with the Ministry for International Cooperation to ensure that projects funded by donor organizations and countries are in line with environmental safety considerations.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Participate in laying down a plan to protect the country from leakages of hazardous substances and waste causing environmental pollution. Drafting a strategy for integrated environmental management for coastal zones 12. Participate with the Ministry of Education in the preparation of training programs for the protection of the environment within the scope of the various curricula in the basic education stage. Prepare an annual report on the environmental situation to be submitted to the President of the Republic and the Cabinet, a copy of which shall be deposited at the People's Assembly.
Article 6: The Board of Directors of the Agency shall be chaired by the Minister in charge of Environmental Affairs and composed of the following members: The CEO of the Agency, who shall be the deputy chairman of the Board. A representative from each of six ministries selected by the Prime Minister from the ministries concerned with the environment provided the representative of each ministry shall be a high-ranking official selected by the competent minister. Two experts in the field of environmental affairs selected by the Minister in charge of Environmental Affairs. Three representatives from non-governmental organizations concerned with the environment selected in agreement with the Minister in charge of Environmental Affairs. A high-ranking employee of the Environmental Affairs Agency selected by the Minister in charge of Environmental Affairs on the basis of a proposal by the CEO of the Agency. The head of the Legal Opinions Department at the Council of State. Three representatives from the public business sector selected by the Minister in charge of Environmental Affairs. Two representatives from universities and scientific research centers selected by the Minister in charge of Environmental Affairs. Representatives of the ministries concerned shall be invited whenever subjects related to the sectors under their supervision are discussed by the Board. The Board may solicit the assistance of experts having no counted vote in the deliberations when considering specific issues. The Board of Directors may form advisory committees of experts to study certain subjects and may entrust one or more of its members with a specific task. Article 7: The Agency's Board of Directors is the supreme authority governing its affairs, running its business and drawing up the general policy it will follow. The Board may adopt whatever resolutions it deems necessary
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report to fulfill the objects for which the Agency was established, within the framework of the national plan and in accordance with the executive regulations of this Law. Article 8: The Board of Directors shall meet at the invitation of its Chairman at least once every three months or at the request of half of its members. Board Meetings shall be valid if attended by half the number of its members. Resolutions shall be taken by a majority of the voting members attending the meeting. In case of a tie, the Chairman shall have the casting vote. Article 9: If the Chairman of the Board is absent or cannot attend the meeting he shall be replaced by the deputy Chairman Article 10: The Chairman of the Board shall represent the Agency in its relation with third parties and before the courts. Article 11: The CEO of the Agency shall be responsible for the implementation of the general policy adopted to fulfill its objects and for implementing the resolutions of the Board of Directors. The executive regulations of this Law shall determine his other powers. Article 12: The Agency shall have a Secretary-General appointed from high-ranking Agency employees by a decree of the Minister in charge of Environmental Affairs after consulting the CEO, he shall assist the CEO and work under his supervision. Article 13: The CEO of the Agency shall have the ministerial powers prescribed in laws and regulations over Agency employees, with regard to whom; the Secretary-General shall have the authority of the head of the sector. Article 13 Bis13 : a) A supreme committee shall be formed for accreditation and registration, and shall be chaired by the competent Minister of Environmental Affairs. This committee shall be responsible for examining applications for registration in records of practitioners of environmental activities according to their specializations, as well as applications for accrediting experts and consultancy firms in the environmental field according to their qualifications and experience. The Executive Regulation of this law shall determine branches of specialization, required conditions for accreditation and registration, procedures for recording in the register and issuing accreditation certificates. b) The aforementioned committee shall be formed by a decision from Prime Minister, and shall comprise six
13Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report members from experts in the field of environment. The Committee shall meet at least once every three months, and its resolutions shall be adopted by majority of its members. This committee shall have a technical secretariat from EEAA's employees. The competent Minister of Environmental Affairs shall determine its powers by a ministerial decree. c) Resolutions of the Supreme Committee shall be final and implemented by EEAA, after payment of L.E. one hundred as fee for issuing a license for practicing environmental activities, and L.E. one thousand for accreditation certificates for experts and consultancy firms. d) It is forbidden for non-licensed or not acquiring accreditation certificates to practice environmental activities set forth in the Executive Regulation of this law.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report CHAPTER THREE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION FUND
Article 14: A special fund shall be established in the Agency under the name "the Environment Protection Fund" to which shall devolve: a. b. Amounts allocated in the state budget to subsidize the fund. Grants and donations presented by national and foreign organizations and accepted by the Board of Directors of the Agency for the purpose of protecting and promoting the environment. Fines levied and damages awarded or agreed upon for any harm caused to the environment. The financial resources of the protectorates fund provided for in Law 102 of 1983. Amounts collected on a temporary basis on account of fines and damages for harm caused to the environment shall be deposited in the fund and held in trust. The fund shall have a special balance sheet and its fiscal year shall commence and end with that of the state. Any surplus shall be carried over to the following year. The money in this fund shall be deemed public money. Article 1514: The Fund shall have a legal personality and shall be affiliated to the competent Minster for Environmental Affairs. Resources of the Fund shall be allocated to the fulfillment of its objectives. The Fund's Board of Directors shall be composed by a decision of the Prime Minster and chaired by the competent Minster of Environmental Affairs, and the following shall be members of the Fund: 1- Chief Executive Officer of Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) who shall be the deputy chairman of the Board. 2- Head of the Legal Opinions Department at the State Council. 3- Representative of Ministry of Interior designated by Minster of the Interior. 4- Representative of Ministry of Finance designated by Minister of Finance. 5- Representative of Ministry of Economical Development designated by the competent Minster of Economical Development. 6- Representative of Ministry of International Cooperation designated by competent Minster of International Cooperation. 7- Representative of NGOs concerned with the environment designated by the competent Minster of Environmental Affairs as nominated by the chairman of Public Federation of Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs. 8- A holder of a senior managerial post in the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency designated by the Minster of Environmental Affairs. 9- Director of the Fund who shall be secretary of the Board of Directors.
c. d.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report The Fund's Board of Directors shall meet by an invitation from its chairman at least once every two months or whenever needs be. Meetings of the Board shall be valid with the attendance of its majority members. Its decisions shall be issued by the majority of its members. In case of a tie, the chairman shall have the casting vote. Representatives of other ministries concerned shall be invited whenever subjects related to the sectors under their supervision are discussed by the board. The board may solicit the assistance of experts, having no counted vote, in the deliberations when considering specific issues. Article 16: The Agency shall lay down the internal regulations of the fund in agreement with the Minister of Finance. All the activities and transactions of the fund shall be subject to the control of the Central Audit Agency.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report CHAPTER FOUR INCENTIVES
Article 17: The agency shall, in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance, establish a system of incentives that the Agency and the competent administrative departments can present to other agencies, establishments, individuals and others for their environmental protection activities or projects. Article 18: The system of incentives mentioned in the preceding Article shall be submitted to the Board of Directors of EEAA and approved by the Prime Minister.
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PART ONE PROTECTION OF LAND ENVIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION
CHAPTER ONE
DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT
Article 1915: Every natural or legal person, public or private, shall committed to presenting a study of Environmental Impact Assessment of the establishment or the project to the competent administrative body or the licensing authority before starting implementation thereof. The study shall be carried out in accordance with the elements, designs, specifications, bases and pollutants loads determined by Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EEAA in coordination with the competent administrative bodies. The competent administrative bodies should provide maps of industrial areas clarifying types of the industries allowed depending on environmental loads. The Executive Regulation of this law shall determine the establishments and projects to which provisions of this article shall apply. Article 2016: The competent administrative authority or the licensing body shall forward the abovementioned Environmental Impact Assessment studies to the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EEAA for consideration. The EEAA may give the body preparing the study suggestions concerning preparations and systems necessary to treat the negative environmental effects and demand implementation thereof. The EEAA may also ask the body to provide all the data, designs or clarifications necessary for consideration of the study. The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EEAA shall have to inform the competent administrative authority or the licensing authority with its consideration within a maximum of 30 days from the date of the receipt or completion of the study or execution of the proposals; otherwise, failing to reply shall mean that study is accepted by the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EEAA. The project shall have to start operation within the period granted by the license; otherwise, the environmental approval shall be considered null and void. Article 21:
15 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 16 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report The competent administrative authority shall notify the owner of the establishment of the result of the assessment by a registered letter with return receipt requested. The owner of the establishment may object to the result in writing within thirty days of notification before a committee to be formed by a decree of the Minister in charge of Environmental Affairs. The EEAA, the competent administrative authority or the licensing authority and the owner of the establishment shall be represented on the committee. The executive regulations shall determine the functions of the committee as well as its operating and complaint procedures. Article 2217: The official responsible for managing the establishment, according to provisions of this law, shall keep a written record of the impact of his establishment on the environment (Environmental Record).The Executive Regulation shall include a template of the required record and timetable to be kept by the establishments and the data to be entered therein. The EEAA shall follow up these records to ensure their genuineness, take necessary samples and conduct appropriate tests to determine the impact of the establishment activities on the environment and the extent of its compliance with environmental protection standards or the pollutants loads. If it is transpired that the establishment is not keeping an environmental record, not updating data regularly or is not genuine, or that the establishment is not complying with the aforementioned standards or loads or violating any provision of this Article, the EEAA shall notify the competent administrative authority to demand the establishment's proprietor to rectify such violation promptly. If he fails to comply within 60 days from the date of his tasking, The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EEAA shall be entitled after notifying the competent administrative authority to taking any of the following measures: 1- Granting the establishment fixed additional grace period to rectify violations; otherwise, the EEAA shall have the right to proceed with rectification at the expense of the violating establishment. 2- Halting the violating activity, till the removal of violation traces, without detriment to its workers' wages. In case of grave environmental hazard, the sources of the hazard should be stopped by all necessary means and measures. Article 23: Expansions and renovations of existing establishments shall be subject to the same provisions set forth in Articles 19, 20, 21 and 22 of this Law. Article 24: Environmental monitoring networks with their stations and working units shall be formed, pursuant to the provisions of this Law, and shall undertake, in their respective fields of specialization, to monitor the components and pollutants of the environment on a regular basis and make the results available to the authorities concerned. For the fulfillment of the foregoing, the networks may call on the assistance of research centers and competent authorities which shall furnish the networks with the studies and information they request. The Agency shall supervise the establishment and operation of the environmental monitoring networks.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Article 25: The Agency shall lay down a contingency plan to deal with environmental disasters which shall be approved by the Cabinet. The contingency plan will be based in particular on the following: Gathering the information available at the national and international levels on ways of confronting environmental disasters and mitigating their harmful effects. Identifying the resources available at the national, regional and international levels and determining how they can be deployed to ensure a swift response to the disaster.
The contingency plan will include the following: Identifying the types of environmental disasters and the agencies responsible for reporting or predicting their occurrence. Establishing a central operations room to receive reports of environmental disasters and follow up the transmission of accurate information thereon in order to mobilize the necessary resources to deal with such disasters. Forming a task force to follow up the measures taken to confront an actual or predicted environmental disaster. The leader of the task force shall be vested with all the powers necessary to confront the disaster in cooperation and coordination with the competent authorities.
Article 26: All public and private bodies and all individuals are held to provide prompt assistance and support, upon request, in order to confront the environmental disaster. The fund referred to in article 14 of this law shall reimburse private bodies and individuals for the actual expenses incurred. Article 27: An area of not less than one thousand square meters of state-owned land shall be allocated for the establishment of an arboretum for the cultivation of trees in each district and in each village. The output of these arboreta shall be available to agencies and individuals at cost price. The competent administrative authorities to whom these arboreta are affiliated shall lay down guidelines for the cultivation and protection of these trees. The EEAA shall participate in financing the establishment of these arboreta. Article 2818: Any of the following acts shall be prohibited: Firstly: Hunting, killing, catching birds and wild animals or marine living organisms; as well as possessing, transporting, importing and exporting or offering to sell such birds and animals, either dead or alive, as a whole, in part or their derivatives, or practicing activities that tend to destroy their natural habitats or properties or damage their nests, eggs or their offspring.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report The Executive Regulation of this law shall determine species of these creatures and sites to which the provisions of the above mentioned paragraph shall apply. Secondly: Cutting or damaging plants as well as , possessing, transporting, importing and exporting, or offering them to sell as a whole, in part or their derivatives and products thereof, practicing any activities that tend to destroy their natural habitats or change their natural properties or habitats. The Executive Regulation of this law shall determine species of these plants. Thirdly: Collecting, possessing, transporting, or offering to sell kinds of fauna and flora fossils or changing their features; as well as destroying their distinguished geological formations or environmental features or harming their aesthetic value in the Natural Protected Areas. Fourthly: Trading in all endangered living organisms of fauna and flora species; their breeding or planting in sites other than their natural habitats without obtaining a license from Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA). The Executive Regulation of this law shall determine species of these creatures and license conditions.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report CHAPTER TWO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND WASTE
Article 29: It is forbidden to displace hazardous substances and waste without a license from the competent administrative authority. The executive regulations of this Law shall determine the procedures and conditions for granting such a license and the authority competent to issue same. The ministers shall, each in his field of competence, issue in coordination with the Minister of Health and EEAA a table of the hazardous substances and waste referred to in Para one of this article. Article 30: Management of hazardous waste shall be subject to the rules and procedures laid down in the executive regulations of this Law. The executive regulations shall designate the competent authority, which, after consulting EEAA, will issue the table of hazardous waste to which the provisions of this Law shall apply. Article 31: It is forbidden to construct any establishment for the treatment of hazardous waste without a license issued by the competent administrative authority after consulting the EEAA. Disposal of hazardous waste shall be in accordance with the conditions and criteria set forth in the executive regulations of this Law. The Minister of Housing shall, after consulting with the Ministries of Health and Industry and the EEAA, designate the disposal sites and determine the conditions of the license to dispose of hazardous waste. Article 32: It is forbidden to import hazardous waste or to allow its introduction into or its passage through Egyptian territories. It is forbidden without a permit from the competent authority to allow the passage of ships carrying hazardous waste in territorial seas or in the exclusive maritime economic zone of the ARE. Article 33: Those engaged in the production or circulation of hazardous materials, either in gas, liquid or solid form, are held to take all precautions to ensure that no environmental damage shall occur The owner of an establishment whose activities produce hazardous waste pursuant to the provisions of this Law shall be held to keep a register of such waste indicating the method of disposing thereof, and the agencies contracted with to receive the hazardous waste. The executive regulations shall determine the data to be recorded in the said register and the EEAA shall be responsible for following up the register to ensure its conformity with the facts. The owner of or the person in charge of managing an establishment from which hazardous waste is produced, shall be committed to decontaminating the establishment, the soil and the place where it was set up, in case of moving the establishment or stopping its activity. Decontamination should be done according
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report to standards and conditions provided in the executive regulation of this law19.
PART TWO
PROTECTION OF AIR ENVIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION
Article 34: The site on which a project is established must be suitable for the project activity to ensure that the permissible levels of air pollutants are not overstepped, and that the total pollution emitted by all the establishments in one area is within the permissible levels. The executive regulations of this Law shall determine the establishments subject to its provisions, the authority competent to approve the site and the permissible levels of air pollutants and noise in the area where the establishment is constructed. Article 35: In carrying out their activities, establishments subject to the provisions of this Law are held to ensure that emissions or leakages of air pollutants do not exceed the maximum levels permitted by laws and decrees in force and determined in the executive regulations of this Law. Article 3620: The use of machines, engines or vehicles that emit exhaust, heavy smoke or noise exceeding limits set by the executive regulations of this law shall be prohibited. Without prejudice to provisions of Traffic Law issued by Law No. 66 for 1973, Police officers of Water Surfaces and Environment , having the capacity of judicial law officers, are legally entitled to stop operation or running of machines, engines, or vehicles as well as withdraw their licenses till causes of violation are removed. Article 3721: a- Open burning of garbage and solid waste shall be absolutely prohibited. b- The persons responsible for collecting and transporting garbage shall be allowed to throw, sort or treat garbage and solid waste only in the sites designated for such purpose, away from residential, industrial,
19Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 20 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 21 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report agricultural areas and waterways. The Executive Regulation of this law shall determine specifications, regulations and the minimum distance of such sites from these areas. c- Municipal administrative units shall, in agreement with The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EEAA, designate the sites for throwing, sorting and treating of garbage and solid waste according to provisions of this law and its Executive Regulation. These units shall also designate containers or dumps inside cities and villages for collecting and transporting garbage and solid waste and fixing appropriate timing for that; otherwise the responsible person shall be accounted administratively. d- Throwing garbage and solid waste in places other than such containers and dumps shall be prohibited. Garbage and solid waste collectors and transporters shall maintain cleanliness of garbage containers and transport vehicles. Garbage collection containers should also be tightly covered, and garbage should be collected and transported at suitable intervals provided that the quantity of which shall not exceed the actual capacity of such containers. Article 38: It is prohibited to spray or use pesticides or any other chemical compound for agriculture, public health or other purpose except after observing the conditions, regulations and safety measures laid down in the executive regulations of this Law and in a manner that will not expose humans, animals, plants, waterways and other components of the environment, directly or indirectly, now or in future, to the harmful effects of such pesticides or chemical compounds. Article 39: All organizations and individuals shall be held, when carrying out exploration, excavation, construction or demolition works or when transporting the resultant waste or debris, to take the necessary precautions to secure the safe storage or transportation thereof to prevent loose particles from escaping into the air, in accordance with the provisions of the executive regulations. Article 40: It is mandatory when burning any type of fuel or otherwise, whether for industrial, energy production, construction or other commercial purpose, that the harmful smoke, gases, and vapors resulting from the combustion process are within the permissible limits. The person responsible for such activity shall be held to take all precautions necessary to minimize the pollutants in the combustion products. The executive regulations of this Law shall define such precautions as well as the permissible limits and the specifications of chimneys and other means of controlling the emission of the smoke, gases, and vapors resulting from the combustion process. Article 41: All organizations undertaking activities in the field of exploration, drilling, extraction and production of crude oil, its refining and processing shall observe the regulations and procedures set forth in the Law and its executive regulations which are derived from principles governing the international petroleum industry as provided by the competent administrative authority. And he shall be committed to safely getting ride of remains of drilling oil wells, according to the provisions of this law and its Executive Regulations22.
22 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Article 4223: All entities and individuals shall be committed, when carrying out production, service, or other activities, particularly operating machinery and equipment or using sirens and loudspeakers, to keeping the volume below the sound level permissible. Licensing authorities shall ensure that the total amount of noise produced by fixed and mobile sources in one area shall be within the permissible levels and that the establishment selects the appropriate machinery and equipment. The Executive Regulation of this law shall define the permissible levels of noise and periods of exposure thereto. Article 43: The owner of an establishment is held to take all precautions and procedures necessary to prevent the leakage or emission of air pollutants inside the work premises except within the permissible limits as defined by the executive regulations of this Law, whether they result from the nature of the establishment activities or from malfunctioning equipment. He has to provide the necessary protective measures for workers in accordance with the conditions of occupational safety and health, including choosing the appropriate machinery, equipment, material and fuel, taking into account the period of exposure to these pollutants. He must also ensure adequate ventilation and install chimneys and other air purification devices. Article 44: The owner of an establishment shall take the necessary procedures to maintain temperature and humidity inside the work-place within the permissible limits. In cases where it is necessary to work beyond these limits, he shall be held to secure appropriate protective measures for the workers, whether by providing them with special clothing or otherwise. The executive regulations of this Law shall set the maximum and minimum limits of temperature and humidity and the duration of exposure thereto as well as the protective measures. Article 45: Closed and semi-closed public places must have adequate ventilation facilities consistent with the size of the place and its assimilative capacity as well as with the type of activity exercised therein to ensure renewal and purity of the air and maintain it at a suitable temperature.
Article 46: The director in charge of the establishment must take adequate measures to prevent smoking in closed public places except within the permissible limits specified in the license issued for such establishments. In such case, a special area shall be reserved for smokers in such a way as not to affect the air in other areas. Smoking is prohibited in means of public transport.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Article 47: The level of radioactivity or concentration of radioactive substances in the air shall not exceed the permissible limits as determined by the competent authorities in accordance with the executive regulations of this Law. Article 47 Bis24: Trading illicitly in Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS), using them in industry, importing or possessing them in violation of the organizing laws, ministerial decrees and international conventions that the Arab Republic of Egypt is party thereto shall be forbidden. Article 47 Bis-125: A supreme council for the protection of the river Nile and waterways from pollution shall be established within the Premiership, and shall chaired by the Prime Minister with membership of relevant ministers: (Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation, Minister of Environmental Affairs, Minister of Health, Minister of Industry, Minister of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Minister of Local Development, Minister of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities, Minister of Tourism and River Transportation Authority) The council shall take the necessary procedures to protect the river Nile and water ways from pollution. The powers of this council shall be specified by Prime Minister's Decree. The council shall meet at least once every three months to follow up conditions of the Nile.
24 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 25 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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PART THREE PROTECTION OF WATER ENVIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION
CHAPTER ONE POLLUTION FROM SHIPS Section One Oil Pollution
Article 48: The aim of protecting the water environment from pollution is to achieve the following objectives: a. To protect the coasts and ports of the Arab Republic of Egypt from the risks of pollution in all its forms and shapes. To protect the environment of the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone and their living or non-living natural resources by preventing, controlling and reducing pollution from any source.
b-
c- To protect the natural resources in the economic zone and the continental shelf. d- To compensate any natural or juridical person for any injury they sustain from the pollution of the water environment. e- The Integrated Environmental Management of Coastal Zones that ensures management of its resources to achieve sustainable development26. The Minister competent of Environmental Affairs, in coordination with relevant authorities, shall fulfill the aforementioned objectives, as well as objectives of the Integrated Environmental Management of Costal Zones27. Article 49: Ships of any nationality are forbidden to discharge oil or oily mixtures in the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
Military ships or support naval vessels of the Arab Republic of Egypt and other ships owned or operated by the state or by public authorities which are used in non-commercial governmental service and which are not
26 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 27 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report subject to the provisions of the Convention shall take all necessary precautions to prevent pollution of the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of the Arab Republic of Egypt. Article 50: Ships registered in the Arab Republic of Egypt are forbidden to discharge oily or oil mixtures into the sea, in accordance with the Convention and international agreements to which the Arab Republic of Egypt adheres. Article 51: Foreign oil tankers calling at Egyptian ports must comply with all the requirements of Rule 13 of Annex 1 of the Convention as amended. Oil tankers used in short voyages are exempt from these requirements pursuant to Rule 13c of the Convention as amended, as are oil tankers navigating the Suez Canal which are not obliged to discharge unclean ballast water. Article 52: National and foreign companies and organizations licensed to explore, extract or exploit off-shore oil fields and other marine natural resources, including oil transport facilities, are forbidden to discharge any polluting substances resulting from drilling, exploration, testing of wells or production in the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of the Arab Republic or Egypt. They are held to use safe measures not liable to harm the water environment and to treat any discharged waste or polluting substance according to the available technical methods and in accordance with the regulations of international conventions. Article 53: Without prejudice to the provisions of Law 79 of 1961 concerning marine disasters and shipwrecks, representatives of the competent administrative authority or judicial officers vested with the power to effect seizures shall be entitled to order the captain or the person in charge of the ship to take appropriate protection measures against the effects of pollution in the event of an accident involving a ship carrying an oil cargo which may pollute the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of the Arab Republic of Egypt. Article 54: The penalties prescribed in this Law shall not apply to cases of pollution resulting from: abSecuring the safety of a ship or the lives of those on board. Discharge resulting from damage to a ship or its equipment, provided such damage was not caused by the master or the person in charge to disable or destroy the ship or as a result of negligence. In all cases, the master of the ship or the person in charge thereof must have taken before and after the occurrence of damage all necessary precautions to prevent or reduce the effects of pollution and must have immediately notified the competent administrative authority. A sudden break in the pipeline carrying oil or oily mixtures during the operating, drilling, exploring or testing of oil wells, without any negligence in supervising or maintaining the pipelines, provided sufficient precautions to supervise the operation of the pipeline and immediate measures to control the pollution and its sources have been taken.
c-
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report This shall be without prejudice to the right of the competent authority to recover the costs of removing the effects of pollution from the party responsible therefor and to claim damages for losses incurred and injuries sustained by reason of such pollution. Article 55: The owner of the ship, its master or any person responsible therefor and those responsible for means of oil transport within the port areas or the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of the ARE and the companies working in the field of oil extraction are held to notify the competent administrative authorities of any oil spill immediately on its occurrence, with a description of the circumstances of the accident, the type of oil involved and the measures taken to stop or reduce the spill and such other information as determined in the Convention and the executive regulations of this Law. In all cases, the competent administrative authorities are held to notify the EEAA of all particulars concerning the incident promptly on its occurrence. Article 56: All loading ports, ports equipped to receive oil tankers and all dockyards must be fitted out with the necessary equipment to receive unclean ballast water and the bilge wager from cleaning the tanks of oil tankers and other ships. Ports must be equipped with enough barges and containers to receive the deposits, residues, and waste of oil and oily mixtures from ships docked in port. No ship or tanker may be licensed to carry out loading and unloading works except after referring to the competent administrative authority which will receive and direct it to the locations for the disposal of waste and unclean ballast water. Article 57: The competent minister shall determine the tools and equipment for reducing pollution with which all ships registered in ARE or off-shore platforms installed in the water environment must be fitted out. Foreign ships calling at Egyptian ports or passing through their littoral zones must be fitted out with pollution reducing equipment in accordance with the provisions of the Convention and its annexes. Article 58: Owners or masters of ships registered in the ARE as well as of ships pertaining to the states adhering to the Convention are held to keep a register of the oil on board in which shall be entered all operations relating to oil in the manner determined in the Convention, and in particular the following operations:
ab-
Loading, delivery or other oil cargo transport operations, while designating the type of oil. Discharge of oil or oily mixture to secure the safety of the ship or its cargo or to save lives, while designating the type of oil. Oil or oily mixture spills as a result of a collision or accident, while indicating the size of the spill. Discharge of unclean ballast water or of bilge water from cleaning the tanks.
cd-
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report e. f. Disposal of polluting waste. Discharge of machinery space bilges, containing the oil collected within the machinery space, outside the ship while in port.
The executive regulations shall determine the means of recording the processes of discharging oil or oily mixture, in respect of off-shore platforms installed in the water environment. Article 59: Without prejudice to the provisions of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Injuries Resulting from Oil Pollution Accidents signed in Brussels in 1969 as amended, all oil tankers whose total tonnage amounts to 2,000 tons or more and which are registered in ARE, and other oil transport equipment whose total tonnage amounts to 150 tons or more operating in the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of ARE, are held to present a financial guarantee certificate in the form of insurance or indemnity bond or any other form of guarantee to the competent administrative authority in accordance with the guidelines laid down in a decree from the Minister of Maritime Transport in agreement with the Minister of Petroleum and the Minister for Environmental Affairs. The guarantee certificate must be presented when the tanker enters the territorial sea and shall be valid and cover all damages and compensation as assessed by the competent administrative authority. With regard to ships registered in a country adhering to the International Convention on Civil Liability for Injuries Resulting from Oil Pollution Accidents, such certificate shall be issued from the competent authority in the country where the ship is registered.
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Section Two Pollution by Harmful Substances
Article 60: It is prohibited for tankers carrying harmful liquid substances to discharge any harmful substances, waste or deposits intentionally or unintentionally, directly or indirectly, resulting in harm to the water environment or public health or to other legitimate uses of the sea. It is also prohibited for ships carrying harmful substances in receptacles, cisterns portable tanks or land or railroad containers to dispose of such substances in the territorial sea or in the exclusive economic zone of ARE. It is prohibited to throw dead animals in the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of ARE. Article 61: All loading and unloading ports equipped to receive the tankers referred to in the first paragraph of the previous article, as well as all dockyards, shall be fitted out with adequate facilities to receive the harmful liquid substances and their wastes. Article 62: Tankers carrying harmful liquid substances must be provided with a cargo register pursuant to the Convention, in which the master of the ship or the person responsible for it shall record all operations as stated in the Convention. Article 63: Representatives of the competent administrative authority and the judicial officers vested with the power to effect seizures shall have the authority to order the ship's master or the person responsible for it to take the necessary measures to reduce the effects of pollution in the event of an accident to any ship carrying harmful substances that may pollute the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of the ARE in any way. Ships carrying harmful substances are forbidden to dump polluting substances and waste in the continental shelf or the exclusive economic zone of ARE. Article 64: The provisions of Article 54 of this Law shall apply to cases of pollution resulting from measures taken to save lives on board or to save the ship itself from harm. Article 65: The ship's master or the responsible person is held to implement all the conditions stated in Rule 8 of Annex 2 of the Convention.
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Section Three Pollution from Sewage and Garbage
Article 66: Ships and off-shore platforms are prohibited from discharging their polluted waste-water in the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of the ARE. It must be disposed of according to the criteria and procedures laid down in the executive regulations of this Law. Article 67: All ships and off-shore platforms working in the field of exploration and exploitation of natural and mineral resources in the water environment of the ARE as well as ships calling at Egyptian ports, are forbidden to dispose of their garbage in the territorial sea or in the exclusive economic zone. Ships are held to deliver garbage to the reception facilities or to places designated by the competent administrative authority for fees to be fixed by a decree of the competent Minister. Article 68: All loading and unloading ports, all ports equipped to receive ships and all stable or floating dockyards must be fitted out with the necessary and adequate facilities to receive polluted waste water and garbage from ships.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report CHAPTER TWO POLLUTION FROM LAND BASED SOURCES
Article 69: t is prohibited for all establishments, including public places and commercial, industrial, touristic and service establishments, to discharge or throw any untreated substances, wastes or liquids which may cause pollution along the Egyptian sea shores or adjoining waters either directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally. Each day of such prohibited discharge shall be considered as a separate violation. Article 70: No building permits shall be granted for establishments or public places on or near the sea shore, which would result in the discharge of polluting substances in violation of the provisions of this Law and the decrees issued in implementation thereof unless the applicant for such permit conducts environmental impact studies and undertakes to provide waste treatment units and to operate them as soon as the establishment commences work. Article 71: The executive regulations of this Law shall define the specifications and criteria which must be observed by industrial establishments allowed to discharge degradable polluted substances after they have been treated. The administrative authority, specified in the said executive regulations, shall conduct periodic analysis of samples of the treated liquid waste in its laboratories and notify the competent administrative authorities of the results. In case of violations, the party concerned shall be granted a grace period of one month to treat the waste and render it compatible with the said specifications and standards. If treatment is not completed within the grace period as aforesaid or if the tests carried out during such period prove that continued discharge would result in severe harm to the water environment, discharge shall be halted by administrative means and the establishment license shall be revoked without prejudice to the penalties prescribed in this Law. In addition, the executive regulations shall specify the non-degradable polluting substances which industrial establishments are prohibited from discharging in the water environment. Article 7228: Taking into consideration provisions of Article (96) of this law, the person in charge of managing the establishments, mentioned in Article (69) of this law, discharging in the water environment, shall be held responsible for any acts committed by his employees in violation of provisions of the said article, if his full knowledge of such violation is proven and if the crimes was committed due to negligence of his duties, in which case he shall be penalized as per Article (84 Bis) of this law.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Article 7329: It is prohibited to construct any establishment within 200 meters of the Egyptian coast lines without the agreement of EEAA and the competent administrative authority. The executive regulations of this Law shall lay down the procedures and conditions to be followed in this connection. Article 7430: It is prohibited to take any measures that may affect the natural coast line or alter its configuration either inwards or outwards, without the agreement of EEAA and the competent authority. The executive regulations of this law shall regulate the procedures and conditions to be followed in this connection. Article 7531: The representatives of the concerned administrative authorities shall be entitled, each within its scope of competence, to enter the exclusion zones referred to in articles 73 and 74 of this Law in order to inspect works being carried out therein. If they discover that works contrary to the foregoing provisions are being executed or are intended to be executed, the violator shall be ordered to restore matters to their original state otherwise the works will be halted administratively and matters restored to their original state at the expense of the violator and the beneficiary jointly. Payment shall be collected by means of administrative attachment.
29 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 30 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 31 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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CHAPTER THREE INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATES
Article 76: Egyptian ships are held to obtain from the Ports and Lighthouse Department the international oil pollution prevention certificate or the international certificate for the prevention of pollution resulting from cargoes of harmful liquid substances in bulk. The issuance of the said certificates shall be in accordance with the provisions and conditions set forth in the Convention and the validity of the certificate shall not exceed five years from the date of its issuance. Article 77: All ships regularly carrying oil to or from Egyptian ports or from other oil transportation means within the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of ARE and which fly the flag of a state that is a signatory of the Convention must carry the international oil pollution prevention certificate which should be valid according to the Convention. With regard to ships subject to the provisions of para 1 of this Article and flying the flag of a state that does not adhere to the Convention, the Minister of Maritime Transport shall determine the oil pollution prevention certificate that will be granted by the Ports and Lighthouse Department before licensing such ships to carry oil on a regular basis from an Egyptian port or from one of the means of oil transport within the exclusive economic zone.
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CHAPTER FOUR ADMINISTRATIVE AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURES
Article 78: Representatives of competent administrative authorities and consular officials abroad shall be deemed judicial law officers vested with the power to effect seizures in respect of the application of the provisions of Part Three of this Law. The Minister of Justice in agreement with the competent ministers can vest other officials with this capacity according to the needs for implementing this Law and in compliance with the rules of International Law. Article 79: The judicial officers referred to in the preceding article are authorized in case of violation, and if the ship's master or the person responsible therefore wishes to leave the port immediately, to collect sums of money on a temporary basis pending settlement of the fines imposed and the damages awarded pursuant to the provisions of Part Four of this Law, provided the amount so collected shall not be less than the minimum prescribed for the violation in addition to all expenses and damages determined by the competent administrative authority to remove the effects of the violation. A financial guarantee covering the value of these amounts and accepted by the competent administrative authority may be presented, without prejudice to the provisions of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution signed in Brussels in 1969. Article 80: Without prejudice to the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the officers referred to in article 78 shall be entitled to board ships and off-shore platforms, and to enter establishments built on the shore and inspect the means used to transport oil and marine polluting substances to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Law and the decrees issued in implementation thereof as well as the availability of waste treatment equipment.
The competent administrative authority shall issue its decision on what it regards as necessary for the protection of the marine environment in the light of the results of this procedure. The party concerned can object to this decision before the appeals committee mentioned in article 81 of this Law within fifteen days from the date of his notification thereof. Such objection shall not result in suspending implementation of the decision unless the said committee issues a decision to suspend its implementation until the settlement of the dispute.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Article 81: The minister concerned, as designated by the executive regulations of this Law shall issue a decree for the formation of the appeals committee. The committee shall be located within the working area of the port or in a nearby administrative authority and shall consist of the following members:
A counselor from the State Council - Chairman. Representative of EEAA. Representative of the Ports and Lighthouses Department Representative of the Ministry of Defense. Representative of the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Wealth.
Representative of the competent administrative authority within the scope of whose activities the violation occurred.
The committee may solicit the advice of one or more experts in the field of water environment. The function of this committee shall be to settle administrative disputes arising from the implementation of the provisions of Part Three of this Law. The committee shall issue its decision, after hearing both parties, by a majority decision of members present and in case of a tie, the chairman shall have the casting vote. The parties concerned may challenge the committee's decision before the Administrative Court of the State Council. Article 82: Every master or user of a ship calling at the Egyptian ports or licensed to operate in the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of ARE should provide the representatives of the competent administrative authority or the judicial officers responsible for implementing the provisions of this Law with the facilities required to perform their functions. Article 83: The competent administrative authorities may request assistance from the ministries of defense, interior, petroleum, and mineral resources, as well as from the Suez Canal Authority or any other competent agency, in implementing the provisions of Part Three of this Law according to the conditions laid down in the decree of the competent Minister.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Article 83 Bis32: Any violation of this law shall be considered expeditiously.
PART FOUR PENALTIES
Article 8433: Without prejudice to any more severe penalty prescribed in another law, any person violating provisions of Article (28) of this law shall be subject to imprisonment and/or a fine of not less than L.E. five thousand and not more than L.E. fifty thousand. In all cases, the court shall order confiscation of seized birds, animals, living organisms, plants and fossils, as well as machinery , weapons, equipment , means of transportation used in committing the crime. Article 84 Bis34: Penalties for violating provisions of Articles 22, 37(item a), 69 of this law shall be imprisonment for a period of not more than one year and/or a fine of not less than L.E. five thousand and not more than L.E. one hundred thousand. Whoever violates provisions of Articles 19, 23 of this law shall be fined a sum of not less than L.E. fifty thousand and not more than L.E. one million. In case of recidivism the minimum and maximum sum of the fine shall be doubled, and the maximum period of imprisonment shall be doubled. In addition to the previous original penalties, there may be a sentence of closing down the establishment, cancellation of the issued license or suspension of the violating activity. Article 84 Bis-135: Whoever violates the provisions of Article (13 Bis) (item d) of this law shall be fined a sum of not less than L.E. ten thousand and not more than L.E. one hundred thousand. In addition to the abovementioned penalty, there may be a sentence of closing down the consultancy firm that practices consulting services without acquiring the Accreditation Certificate referred to in Article (13 Bis) of this law.
32 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 33 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 34 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 35 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Article 85: Whoever violates the provisions of Articles 30, 31 and 33 of this Law shall be imprisoned for a period of not less than one year and/or fined ten thousand to twenty thousand Egyptian Pounds. Article 86: Whoever violates the provisions of article 36 of this Law shall be fined a sum of not less than two hundred Egyptian Pounds and not more than three hundred Egyptian Pounds. As to violations of the provisions of article 39 of this Law, these shall be punishable by a fine of not less than five hundred Egyptian Pounds and not more than one thousand Egyptian Pounds. The court may order the suspension of the license for a period of not less than one week and not more than six months, and in case of recidivism, the court may revoke the license. Article 8736: Whoever violates provisions of Article (42, first paragraph)of this law shall be fined a sum not less than L.E. five hundred and not more than L.E. two thousand; in addition to confiscating the machinery and equipment used in the violation. Whoever violates provisions of Articles 35, 37 (items b and d), 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46 (first paragraph), 47 Bis of this law, shall be fined a sum not less than L.E. one thousand and not more than L.E. twenty thousand. In case of recidivism, the fines provided in the two preceding paragraphs shall be doubled. Whoever violates provision of the second paragraph of Article 46 of this law shall be fined a sum of not less than L.E. fifty and not more than L.E. one hundred. Article 88: Any person who violates the provisions of articles 29, 32, and 47 of the present Law shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not less than five years and a fine of twenty thousand Egyptian Pounds to forty thousand Egyptian Pounds. Whoever violates the provisions of Article 32 shall be held to re-export the hazardous wastes subject of the crime at his own expense. Article 89: Any person who violates the provisions of article 2, the last paragraph of article 3, or articles 4, 5, and 7 of Law No. 48 of 1982 concerning the protection of the River Nile and waterways from pollution, and of the decrees issued in implementation thereof shall be fined a sum of not less than two hundred Egyptian Pounds and not more than twenty thousand Egyptian Pounds. In case of recidivism, the penalty shall be both imprisonment and the fine provided for in the previous paragraph.
In all cases, the violator shall be held to remove or rectify the violating works by the date determined by the Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources. If the violating works are not removed or rectified by the due date, the Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources shall have the right to take procedures to
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report remove or rectify the violation by administrative means, at the expense of the violator, without prejudice to the right of the Ministry to revoke the license. Article 9037: Whoever commits one of the following offenses shall be fined a sum of not less than L.E. three hundred thousand and not more than L.E. one million: 1- Discharging or disposing oil or oily mixtures or harmful substances in the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone in violation of Articles (49) and (60) of this law. 2- Failing to comply with the required treatment of the discharged waste and polluting substances discharged, or failing to use safe procedures that prevent damage to the marine environment in violation of provisions of Article (52) of this law. 3- Deliberate disposal or dumping, in the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone, of ships or parts thereof, as well as industrial installations, polluting substances or garbage whatever their sources might be. In case of recidivism, the penalty shall be both imprisonment and the fine provided for in the preceding paragraph of this Article. In all cases, the violator shall be committed to removing the effects of the violation within the deadline determined by the competent administrative authority; otherwise, the administrative authority shall proceed with the removal at his own expense. Article 9138: A penalty of imprisonment and / or a fine of not less than L.E. three hundred thousand and not more than L.E. one million, together with the violator's commitment to pay expenses of removing the effects of such violation, as prescribed by the authorities commissioned to effect removal, shall be imposed on any one violating provisions of Article 54-b, if unloading resulting from damage to the ship or its equipment is carried out in order to delay or damage the ship or is due to negligence. The fine shall be doubled in case of recidivism and the Executive Regulation of this law shall lay down parameters for determining costs of removing the violation effects in reference to the pollution extent and the environmental consequences arising from violation of this Article. Article 92: Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be fined a sum of not less than seventy thousand Egyptian Pounds and not more than three hundred thousand Egyptian Pounds:
1.
Fails to fit out a foreign ship using Egyptian ports or navigating through the special marine area with pollution control equipment, in violation of article 57 of this Law. Fails to take the necessary precautions to prevent or reduce the effects of pollution before and after the occurrence of damage to the ship or to its equipment or fails to promptly notify the competent
2.
37 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 38 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report administrative authority of the discharge resulting from damage to the ship or to its equipment in violation of the provisions of article 54-b of this Law. 3. Fails to promptly notify the competent administrative authority of any oil spill, the circumstances in which it occurred, the nature and percentage of the substance discharged and the measures taken, in violation of the provisions of article 55 of this Law.
The fine shall be doubled in case of recidivism in respect of item (1), while the repetition of the violations mentioned in items (2) and (3) shall be punished by imprisonment and/or a fine of not less than three hundred thousand Egyptian Pounds and not more than five hundred thousand Egyptian Pounds. In all cases, the violator shall be held to remove the effects of the violation within the time frame determined by the competent administrative authority, otherwise the administrative authority shall proceed with their removal at the expense of the violator. Article 93: Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be fined a sum of not less than forty thousand Egyptian Pounds and not more than two hundred thousand Egyptian Pounds: 1. Loading and unloading works by ships or tankers without having a license from the competent administrative authority in violation of the provisions of article 56 of this Law. Failure of the ship or the tanker to keep the certificates and registers stipulated in articles 58, 62, 76 and 77 of this Law.
2.
3. Discharges polluted waste-water or throws garbage from ships in violation of the provisions of articles 66 and 67 of this Law. 4. The penalty shall be a fine of not less than L.E. one hundred thousand and not more than L.E. five hundred thousand, to be imposed on any one violating provisions of Article (50) of this law, if any ship registered in the Arab Republic of Egypt discharges or dispose oil or oily mixtures into the sea39. Article 94: Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be fined a sum of not less than forty thousand Egyptian Pounds and not more than one hundred and fifty thousand Egyptian Pounds: 1. Fails to fit out the ships registered in ARE with the instruments and equipment necessary to reduce pollution in violation of the provisions of article 57 of this Law.
2. Contravenes the orders of the inspectors of the competent administrative authority or the judicial officers in case of an accident to a ship carrying oil or harmful substances pursuant to the provisions of articles 53 and 63 of this Law. Article 94 Bis 40:
39 Substituted by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009 40 Added by Law No.9/2009 issued in the official Journal- issue No.(9-Bis) on 1/3/2009
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report A penalty of imprisonment and/or a fine of not less than L.E. one million and not more than L.E. five million shall be imposed on any one dump hazardous wastes in the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone or continental shelf, as well as violator shall be held to pay expenses of removing the effects of such violation and the required environmental compensations. Article 95: Whoever intentionally violates the provisions of this Law shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not more than 10 years if such violation results in causing a permanent incurable disability to an individual. The penalty shall be imprisonment if the violation results in causing this infirmity to three or more persons. If the violation results in the death of a person, the penalty shall be temporary hard labor, and if it results in the death of three persons or more the penalty shall be permanent hard labor. Article 96: The ship's master or the person responsible therefore and the parties to contracts for the exploration, extraction and exploitation of marine oil fields and other natural resources including oil transport facilities as well as the owners of the establishments mentioned in article 69 of this Law shall be jointly liable, each within his scope of competence, for any harm that befalls any natural or juridical person as a result of a violation of the provisions of this Law as well as for payment of imposed fines and the expenses of removing the effects of such violations. Article 97: The penalties stipulated in the previous articles shall be imposed on all ships of all nationalities and types including those belonging to states not bound by the Convention if they discharge oil or oily mixtures or commit prohibited dumping or submerging in the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of the ARE. Article 98: Whoever violates provisions of Articles (73, 74) of this law shall be punished by imprisonment for a period of not more than six months and/or a fine of not less than L.E. five thousand and not more than L.E. fifty thousand41 .
The court may not order a stay of execution of the fine, and in all cases, the violating works must be halted and removed by administrative means at the expense of the violator and the machinery, equipment and materials used in these works shall be seized without awaiting a court sentence. In case of conviction, such machinery and equipment shall be confiscated. Article 99: Jurisdiction over the crimes referred to in this Law shall lie with the court within the circumscription of which any such crime is committed, if it is committed by the ships referred to in article 97 within the territorial waters of the ARE or in the exclusive economic zone. The court shall rule on the case expeditiously.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Jurisdiction over the crimes committed outside the two areas mentioned in this article shall lie with the court within the circumscription of which the port in which the ship flying the Egyptian flag is registered.
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report Article 100: Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 79, the competent administrative authority may take legal procedures to detain any ship which fails to pay the instant fines and/or in the summary cases stipulated in the said article. Such detention shall be lifted if due payments are made or an unconditional financial guarantee accepted by the competent administrative authority is presented. Article 101: The imposition of the penalties stipulated in this Law shall be without prejudice to the imposition of any more severe penalty prescribed in another law.
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 102: Without prejudice to the provisions of article 78 of this Law, the employees of the EEAA and its branches in the governorates designated by a decree of the Minister of Justice in agreement with the Minister in charge of Environmental Affairs shall have the capacity of judicial officers vested with the power to effect seizures in proving the commission of crimes in violation of the provisions of this Law or the decrees issued in implementation thereof. Article 103: Every citizen and organization concerned with the protection of the environment shall have the right to report any violation of the provisions of this Law. Article 104: Inspectors of administrative authorities concerned as well as the inspectors of the Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) who have the capacity of judicial officers in matters relating to the environment shall be held, each in his field of competence, to report to the authority to which they belong any violation of the provisions of this Law and the authorities concerned shall then take the necessary legal procedur
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Appendix 3
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Bibliography
Books: Roger Jones, Neil Murray, Change, strategy and projects at work, 235p (pages checked:20-38)
Online books: Marketing of High-technology Products and Innovations, chapter:11 Marketing Communication Tools for High-Tech Markets, extracted from http://books.google.fr/books?id=8LJwaPuuQagC&pg=PA380&lpg=PA380&dq=the+adverti sing+and+promotion+pyramid&source=bl&ots=lxqtspshYh&sig=jBQiKDytEqZZv_jSmrx OFXQuBU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FdRzUYyDOIqttAbAr4G4Bg&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepag e&q=the%20advertising%20and%20promotion%20pyramid&f=false (checked on 15/04/2013)
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Infocreditgroup.com, BEL.Egypt.Modelo, [online], extracted from http://www.infocreditgroup.com/ (checked on 04/04/2013) Cheese.com, Serving and Storage tips, [online], extracted from http://www.cheese.com/serving_and_storage/ (checked on 18/04/2013) Ilovecheese.com, Cheese Guide, [online], extracted from http://www.ilovecheese.com/typesof_cheese.asp (checked on 18/04/2013) Shyshri,hubpages.com, 7 Chakras and Maslow's Hierarchy, [online], extracted from http://shyshri.hubpages.com/hub/7-chakras-and-MASLOWS-Hierarchy (checked on 14/02/2013)
Water.org, The Crisis, Water Facts, [online], extracted from http://water.org/watercrisis/water-facts/water/ (checked on 24/01/2013) Youtube.com, Water Facts, [online], extracted from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laJYq_Mfk7Q (checked on 08/02/2013)
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Water Saving in BEL Egypt - Final Report

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Water Saving in BEL Egypt - Final Report

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Water Saving in BEL Egypt Final Report

WASABEL Egypt - MPMIE