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0 in the Classroom:
Collaborative Learning Tools
for Science
In this session, we are going to look at the wide variety of collaborative learning tools that are available on
the Web, and will see look at some of the specific functions of these tools to see how they can ease or
enhance our students’ learning of science. We’ll look at some of the different functionality of these tools
and see how they work to allow you to enhance the learning
experience for students by allowing them to engage with others.
Along with all of this come a variety of issues and concerns that
teachers may need to consider in selecting and using some of
these tools in the classroom. We’ll show you how you can review
these tools and plan for instruction using them to ensure the best
possible outcomes for you and your students.
For more information about the project or any of these tools, visit the MMSTLC Web site: http://mmstlc.net
Stephen Best is one of the project directors of the MMSTLC, and has been directing professional
development, outreach, research, and teacher education efforts in the University of Michigan School of
Education for the past 15 years. He is a former middle and high school science and mathematics teacher,
and provides support and leadership in these areas, as well as educational technology and comprehensive
school reform.
When you look at the list of tasks that we have students do in our classes from the slide on the previous
page, there is one interesting thing that stands out with respect to this presentation: none of the “tasks”
that are listed are necessarily “collaborative” tasks. These are almost all things that students can actually
do on their own. This is not to say that they are not good things to do... it is just that they don’t necessarily
incorporate the notion of collaboration. However, if you view all of these items as tasks that groups of
students could do, rather than each individual student, it can change the way you look at the task. We
might ask a group of students to combine several tasks, or perform variations of these tasks, which we know
can further enhance their understanding. For instance, rather than having all individual students do an
investigation where they collect data, make a table and graph from the data, and write an explanation of
what they might have observed in an investigation, we might have students take on different roles, and ask
them to decide as a group to design the table on their own, to decide what type of graph is going to be most
appropriate to explain the data that was collected, and to compare their explanation with others on the
same topic. We might also ask them to evaluate the work of others and think about what additional data
would either help support their explanation or could supplant the explanation that was given.
All of this points toward the idea of “collaborative” learning that we mention with the tools we are going to
look at. The beauty of these tools is the ways in which you can share your work or task with others with a
few clicks of buttons on the sites, and how this can open up the learning opportunities for students. This
concept is based on the learning theories of Lev Vygotsky, who proposed a view on learning called “social
constructivism”. He was a psychologist in the early-mid 20th century who generally followed the concepts of
developmental learning proposed by Jean Piaget and others - however, Vygotsky also suggested that our
learning is heavily influenced by the social interactions we have with others. It is this notion that pervades
the tools we are going to explore in this session; that students don’t just learn on their own, and that they
don’t just learn from a teacher alone. Rather, students learn by discussing ideas with others, especially
those others who might have a different understanding than we do. Vygotsky suggests that children’s
interaction with knowledgeable others (i.e. teachers, parents, other students) helps to challenge and expand
their learning and understanding of concepts. More recent research suggests that students are often far
more “open” to having this dialogue with other students, rather than the teacher alone.
How does this translate to the web sites we are going to look at, and this idea of Web 2.0? It has to do with
the functions of these sites. All of them have some form of “collaboration” feature or element which allows
them to share content at the base level, or, in many cases, allows the users to collaborate in creating the
content on the tools. A tool like the word processor in Google Docs is a simple example of this. On one
hand, it is like a simplified version of Microsoft Word or other word processors that sit on our computer’s
hard drive - they let us craft and edit text documents and do some level of formatting. However, in Word, if
you want to share a document for others to work on, you need to save it, email it to others, have them work
on it (preferably one at a time, so they don’t mess up each others’ edits), and email it around to others to
review and edit. In Google Docs, you simply click the “Share” button, which sends a link to the other
writers, and they can go and edit it at the same time, and their edits are noted in different colors if you are
all working at the same time. Just think of the potential!
http://www.go2web20.net
Some Considerations:
When reviewing sites that you might use in your classroom (either on your own or with students using the
tools), here are some points to consider:
• What is the focus of the site? Who uses it, and for what purpose?
• Do you need to log in to the site with your own ID?
This is common for most such sites, but can be an issue if you need to create logins for all of your
students.
• What is the cost for using the site?
Some may have a cost structure to fund the site (remember, they are not there out of the goodness of
their hearts), or others have a “free” set of tools and a “pay” set of tools. See what the difference is,
and make sure that the free set is not just on a trial basis that is going to ask your students to pay
something after they have used the site for a while.
• What is the business model of the site?
Not that you need to deal specifically with this, but you can get a sense from this what future the site
has and whether it might be a long term tool you can use with students. Some sites have advertising
to support the site (consider what they advertise!), while others sell contact information to marketing
companies. Others are hoping to be bought out by companies based on the number of users of the
site. Just remember, many of these free sites that don’t have lots of users might not be able to
sustain themselves, and could disappear overnight.
• What are the technical requirements for the site?
Because of the programming that goes into some of these sites, they may not be able to be used by
older (4+ year old) computers that use older browsers (i.e. Internet Explorer 6 or earlier, Netscape,
etc.). Make sure they would work on your school machines, and for kids to possibly use at home.
• Does your school block the site?
This is a huge issue for some. See if you can access the site at school, and then see if your students
can (sometimes, they have different access than you). If a site is really useful but not available, there
are ways your technology support staff can “open” access to specific sites.
Sites:
Google Docs - http://docs.google.com
Evernote - http://www.evernote.com
Zoho - http://www.zoho.com
Blogging Tools
Blogger (www.blogger.com) - a simple online blogging tools that uses simple steps and templates
to create and publish a blog. All content is stored on the Blogger servers, rather than a local
computer. Owned by Google. There are LOTS of similar sites and tools, but this is likely the most
popular.
Wordpress and others (www.wordpress.org) - online blogging tools that are more customizable than
Blogger, and allow users to set up the underlying blogging software on their own server (unlike
Blogger). Similar ones are TypePad and Moveable Type.
Class Blogmeister (classblogmeister.com) - A site created by classroom blogging pioneer David
Warlick specifically for educators who want control over the blogs created by, read by, and used by
students. Teachers can give feedback and publish student blogs in a controlled environment.
Edublogs (edublogs.org) - Blog creation for educators at varying levels with templates to support
educational use. Links to Chalkface
Twitter (www.twitter.com) - “Microblogging” tool that allows simple blog creation that can be
updated with and published on a cell phone. Good for allowing observations of events in the
classroom. This, and other similar tools (Jaiku, Pownce, Folkstr) also allow rich media, such as
pictures, email, or mp3 files to be uploaded. There are over 100 similar types of sites internationally.
Technorati (technorati.com) - a blog search engine that does real-time search using tags or
keywords posted in blogs to help index. Other similar tools are IceRocket (www.icerocket.com),
Blog-Search (www.blog-search.com), and Google Blog Search (blogsearch.google.com). These
work better than regular search engines, which are less timely in scanning blog sites.