REVOLUTIONIZING THE GARBAGE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

INTRODUCTION
India in the recent years has drawn attention with its economic growth , rapid industrialization and development but the consequences of this is generation of large amount of waste which is harmful for environment and is now becoming a huge problem to deal with. About 90% of the waste is been dumped in the open landfill out of that more than 50% can be recycled which is not being adopted. There more than 36000 industries producing 6 million tons of hazardous waste every year , approximately 55million tons of waste are being generated in urban areas of India annually. With growing awareness of environmental effects caused due to unscientific waste disposal there is a significant need to handle the waste in India. Industries that are able to manage their waste in environmental friendly way are more competitive in global market. Moreover various challenges and demand of waste management evolved innovative and unconventional technologies and business opportunities. Total installed capacity of electricity generation in India is 214.63 Giga watt out of which contribution by renewable energy is 12% and biogas or natural gas is 9%. India is expected to generate more than 20000 megawatt energy just by waste management and renewable energy on a very large scale. As on 2009 per capita in rural area is 96kwh and in urban area its 288kwh which is very high compared to rural area so there is a need to reduce this gap and do something more innovation in process of a business to help the village people to get proper electricity.

Why it is an innovative process?

The India we know is not the one living in metros but the one in villages, urban people get electricity more than 20 hours a day but this is not the case with rural people. Non renewable source of energy is mostly used for electricity production in India but in the near future all these sources are going to deplete so there is need to move to renewable source of energy on a large scale and use them for electricity generation. This is a sector where companies can see business opportunity because in India this practiced on a small scale and has high growth in future. Waste is produced all over the country but it is not disposed usefully hence we can separate the waste which could be recycled and reused by us in future. The main motive behind this is to use this scrap as a raw material to generate power so that it could fill the deficiency of electricity in villages for the people of lower section of society, now the products which were considered waste is going to be a raw material to produce finished good (electricity). It is not only benefiting the environment by producing less pollution and reducing waste but it is also opening new scope of business opportunities and employment for society.

IGSM

Page 1

Step ahead
It will be our approach towards managing waste in the society and how to run our process, it includes the basic requirement of the project. 1. Elementary training- proper training to be provided to the society about waste management, how to follow the procedure by localities regarding solid waste management. 2. Information about the waste inventory- where to get the waste from, proper information required about knowing the waste producing destination and about the type of waste. 3. Proper plan to mange-there should be total check should be done to make a process of collection, handling and transportation, processing, storing and disposing of waste. An action plan is needed to recycle the waste. 4. Prepare budget- a proper budget should be made to know the necessary requirement of human resource, funds and to know the area of revenue generation. 5. Acquire the waste process plant- there is a need of proper destination (land) to carry our waste treatment process, it is the storage place for the waste. 6. Spread awareness in society there should be a proper communication about waste management in the society, so that it could gain more public cooperation and contribution. It could be done through organizing street plays, rallies and fair. 7. Opportunity for companies: Solid waste sector offers many possibilities to foreign companies with low-cost technologies, products or services. There is an urgent need in most cities to change, restructure or intensify the waste collection systems. There is a need for promoting new ideas and concepts of SWM in waste collection, segregation and waste transportation. This concerns hazardous waste and biomedical waste, too.

IGSM

Page 2

The lack of land and increasing waste quantities require new technologies, which are applicable for mixed SWM and competitive. It is quite probable that outdoor composting will increase its role in the future, in case, reasonable use can be found for the compost endproduct. The prospects for anaerobic digestion (or for anaerobic composting as called in India) are also promising but are highly dependent on the reasonable utilization of heat energy.

Some opportunity spaces are outlined below:

Joint ventures with Indian firms to offer integrated solutions in waste treatment, including performing feasibility studies, designing, technical consulting and providing operation and online maintenance services. There is a demand for technologies and services for effective waste collection, transportation and disposal, and its treatment and recycling. Engineering and consulting services on waste collection and transportation, landfill treatment, waste treatment plants, outdoor compositing, anaerobic digestion of waste and sewage sludge, biological-mechanical waste treatment and waste to energy. Design, manufacture and installation of various types of waste management systems.

IGSM

Page 3

Policy and Regulatory Framework

The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and the pollution control boards: Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) together form the regulatory and administrative core of the sector.

Legislation
Under the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1986, MoEF has issued several notifications to tackle the problem of hazardous waste management. These include: Municipal Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, whose aim was to enable municipalities to dispose municipal solid waste in a scientific manner. Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, which brought out a guide for manufacture, storage and import of hazardous chemicals and for management of hazardous wastes. Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998, were formulated along parallel lines, for proper disposal, segregation, transport etc. of infectious wastes. Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000, a recent notification issued with the view to providing guidelines for the import and export of hazardous waste in the country.

The present capacity of municipalities in India to manage the privatization process is quite limited. There is need for developing in-house financial and managerial capability to award contracts to private sector and monitoring services provided by the private operator since the onus of ensuring proper service delivery and compliance of standards lies with the local bodies.

Fiscal Incentives:
1. Tax Holiday: A 10 year, 100% deduction of profits and gains is available for companies operating in waste projects. 2. Tax / Duties Relief: Direct taxes: 100% depreciation within 1st year of project installation. Exemption / reduction in excise duty. Exemption from Central Sales Tax, and customs duty concessions on the import of material, components and equipment used in Renewable Energy RE projects. Duty-free import of renewable energy equipment. Exemptions from electricity taxes.

One more important step in this process is dividing the villages into 20-25 villages and there should be one plant set up among these villages to meet their needs. This kind of step is been
IGSM Page 4

initiated in KOTA where CNG and LPG will be produced with the help of a cow dung, 26 breeds of special cows have been brought for this process. LPG and electricity will be produced with the help of bull power technique and for these 80 acres of land have been provided and Rs 100 crore has been approved for the project. With the help of cow dung plant there will enough generation of fuel to meet the need of the village and the remaining waste will be used to develop fertilizer, oil, soap etc. this will also create employment for the people. So above are few points by which we can bring in some innovation and business innovation which is beneficial for the people in lower section of the society as well as for the company initiating this process.

BARRIERS IN ACHIEVEING THESE STEPS

No storage of waste at source. No system of primary collection from doorsteps. Irregular street sweeping. Waste storage depots have been a problem. Transportation of waste is not satisfactory. Processing of waste: only a few cities have been practicing this.

IGSM

Page 5

Disposal of waste is a neglected area of SWM services and the current practices are grossly unscientific.

INVESTMENT
The Urban Development Ministry had formulated a Waste Management Scheme for class-I cities/Towns indicating a need of nearly Rs.2500 crores and posed to the 12th Finance Commission for devolution of funds to ULBs.PPP was suggested as an integral part of the scheme in order to leverage funds and add efficiencies. The 12th Finance Commission had taken a very considered view for improving urban infrastructure and allotted Rs.5000 crores for supplementing the resources of the ULBs in the country. Out of this amount, 50% was earmarked for improving SWM SERVICES. This amount was to be spent by March 2010. The steering committee report on Urban Development for 11th Plan estimates an investment of Rs.1292.37 billion for achieving population coverage of 100% with drinking water supply, Sanitation and SWM, and drainage facilities in urban areas.

Employment As far as employment is concerned this kind of project provide jobs to almost all kind of categories in the society from a small labor class a well educated individual. The project in Okla in Delhi only provides informal employment to 15 million individuals. This waste to energy plants need waste pickers to collect waste from everywhere and moreover collect the useful waste. At the same time all kinds of engineer and other management professionals can also find very good opportunity in this field. Waste to energy projects elsewhere in India have been failures both technically and economically, so if we see it as a opportunity we can tremendously improve the power generation system and decrease the carbon emission in the environment. Company Biomethanation Follows Biogas induced mixing M/S Asia Bio- energy Pvt Ltd (ABIL) Chennai arrangement-(BIMA) technology for a 5.1 MW MSW to energy project Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Cicon Environment Technologies Bhopal technology and activated sludge process are followed in installations Headquarters Highlights

IGSM

Page 6

Completed 11 MW biogas plant in Mumbai Bermaco/WM Power Ltd Navi Mumbai using WABIO process. Installing 12.8 MW plant at Mumbai with Sound craft Industries Mumbai technology from Ericsons, USA Adopting aerated and UASB technologies for Hydroair Tectonics Limited Navi Mumbai the treatment of waste sludge and biogas generation respectively. Undertaking comprehensive biomethanation projects coupled to secure composting and landfills. Also involved in incineration and Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd Mailhem Engineers Pvt Ltd. Combustion /Incineration RDF based combustion technology with scope A2Z Group of Companies Gurgaon for cogeneration of heat and power. Developing 15 MW combustion power plant in Surat District with MSW based RDF pellets Hanjer Biotech Energies Mumbai as fuel. SELCO setup the first commercial Municipal Solid Waste-processing unit in India in 1999. SELCO International Limited East Delhi Waste Processing Company Pvt Ltd Gasification
IGSM Page 7

presently operating India's largest waste Hyderabad incinerator at Taloja, Maharashtra. Has adopted modified UASB technology. Has Pune installed about 250 waste-to-energy plants.

Have installed 6.6 MW using RDF pellets as Hyderabad energy source.

Implementing 10 MW incineration power New Delhi plant with MSW derived RDF pellets as fuel.

CONCLUSION
We have seen the huge amount of waste generated in our country which is not utilized in an efficient manner. If this waste to energy system is followed and seen as a business opportunity in our country we can have power generation for many households the investment in these kinds of projects is not that much compared to non renewable power plants and at the same time we can save our environment in many aspect like cleaning water from waste, roads, drainage systems, and household waste. This is one aspect on the other hand we can have new innovation on the renewable sources of energy and we can save our non renewable sources like coal, petrol, diesel etc. Every industry wants to be environmental friendly and release less waste so if any sees this opportunity they can even have profits on a large scale which not only beneficial for the environment but will also generate employment on a much larger scale. So the idea behind this is to go for an innovative business approach and step ahead in turning this into a bigger picture.

IGSM

Page 8