System Design and Analysis Chapter 8 Structuring system data requirements

KEY TERMS 1. Abstract class 2. Abstract operation 3. Aggregation 4. Association 5. Association role 6. Associative class 7. Behavior 8. Class diagram 9. Class-scope attribute 10. Class-scope operation 11. Composition 12. Concrete class 13. Constructor operation 14. Encapsulation 15. Method 16. Multiplicity 17. Object 18. Object (class) 19. Operation 20. Polymorphism 2I. Query operation 22. State 23. Update operation

Match each of the key terms above with the definition that best fits it. 11. Composition A part object that belongs to only one whole object and that lives and dies with the whole. 3. Aggregation A part-of relationship between a component object and an aggregate object. 20. Polymorphism The same operation may apply to two or more classes in different ways. 15. Method The implementation of an operation. 2. Abstract operation Defines the form or protocol of the operation, but not its implementation. 9. Class-scope attribute An attribute of a class that specifies a value common to an entire class, rather than a specific value for an instance. 12. Concrete class A class that can have direct instances. 1. Abstract class A class that has no direct instances but whose descendants may have direct instances. 6. Associative class An association that has attributes or operations of its own or that participates in relationships with other classes. 16. Multiplicity Indicates how many objects participate in a given relationship. 5. Association role The end of an association where it connects to a class. 4. Association A relationship among instances of object classes.

10. Class-scope operation An operation that applies to a class rather than an object instance. 23. Update operation An operation that alters the state of an object. 2I. Query operation An operation that accesses the state of an object but does not alter the state. 13. Constructor operation An operation that creates a new instance of a class. 14. Encapsulation The technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view. 17. Object A function or a service that is provided by all instances of a class. 8. Class diagram A diagram that shows the static structure of an object-oriented model. 18. Object (class) A logical grouping of objects that have the same (or similar) attributes and behaviors (methods). 7. Behavior Represents how an object acts and reacts. 22. State Encompasses an object's properties (attributes and relationships) and the values those properties have. 17. Object An entity that has a well-defined role in the application domain, and has state, behavior, and identity characteristics. 1. Give an example of aggregation. Your example should include at least one aggregate object and three component objects. Specify the multiplicities at each end of all the aggregation relationships. One example of aggregation is a vehicle. A car will have front and side air bags, an air conditioner, an engine, and other components. A suggested diagram is provided below.

2. Contrast the following terms: a. Object class; object Object - Objects have states and behaviors. Example: A dog has states-color, name, breed as well as behaviors -wagging, barking, eating. An object is an instance of a class.

Class - A class can be defined as a template/ blue print that describe the behaviors/states that object of its type support.

b. Abstract class; concrete class In Java an abstract class is one that does not provide implementations for all its methods. A class must be declared abstract if any of the methods in that class are abstract. For example, the Graphical Object class defined in Program is declared abstract because its draw method is abstract. An abstract class is meant to be used as the base class from which other classes are derived. The derived class is expected to provide implementations for the methods that are not implemented in the base class. A derived class that implements all the missing functionality is called a concrete class . In Java it is not possible to instantiate an abstract class.