Grammar at its best !!!

Present Tense
The Present tense has several uses:It expresses a single act at the present time; as,

Here comes Harry. It expresses a habit or occupation, character or permanent action; as, Every day I get up at four oclock.
He drinks milk every morning. Mr. Smith is a farmer. The earth revolves around the sun.

It expresses universal truths; as,

The sun sets in the west every evening.

Honesty is the best policy. Man is mortal. It is sometimes employed to describe past events and is then called the Historic Present; as, Now the Trojans come down on the Greeks as wolf on the fold. It is sometimes used to express some future event; as: They fly to London next Sunday. He sails for Colombo next month.

 Rule 1:- The Present tense is formed by placing root verb after the subject.

Rule: - subject + root verb

Examples:
I drink tea every morning and evening. We help our parents in domestic work. You always make a lot of noise in the class.

They work in the field.

Cattle graze in the meadow. Birds sing sweetly. Monsoon winds bring us rain.

 Children watch television three to four hours every day. People moan about poverty as great evil.

I always pity the sons and daughters of the rich man.

Insurance companies exact fewer premiums from total abstainers than habitual drinkers. Trees give us food, clothing and shelter. Hens lay eggs.

Donkeys and Camels carry load.

Birds build nests for laying eggs.

 Rule 2:- If a subject is a third person singular then s is applied to some root verbs.

Rule: - He / she / it + root verb + s

Examples:
Every day he walks to school. She cooks our food. It hurts me.

Tom makes fine kites.

Mary sings very sweetly. An Aircraft lands on the airport. Neil reads short stories.

 Peter eats an apple every day.

My mother prepares tea for us.

Our dog bites the strangers only. The sun gives us heat and light. He suffers badly from indigestion.

She makes all kinds of snacks.

She eats a lot of peanuts every day. He chews food well before swallowing it. She likes black coffee.

He makes several business visits to New York every month.

 Rule 3:- If a root verb ends in ch, sh, o, s or x then es, is applied to such a verb when the subject is a third person singular.

A third person subject (He/she/it) + a root verb ending in either ch, sh, o, s or x + es
Examples:

Mr. Adam teaches Mathematics at the university.

She washes our clothes.

He goes to college on foot.

A highway passes by our house. A milkman mixes water with milk. A fisherman catches fish with fishing net. She punishes the late comers. He does some work.

 A wind kisses the trees but they do not make any noise. He fixes the date of wedding.

She touches me at the shoulder. He brushes his teeth every morning and also before going to bed at night. The umpire tosses a coin before the play begins. Matthew watches television for three to four hours every day. The Government taxes people to pay its expenses.

 Rule 4:- If a root verb ends in y preceded by a consonant, then y is changed into I and then es is added to such a verb when the subject is a third person singular. A third person subject (He/she/it) + root verb ending in y is replaced by I + es Examples: John tries to solve a mathematical problem. She fries meat balls.

The super fast train plies between New York and Washington.
The sun dries lakes during summer.

This child cries all the time.

He marries a daughter of a rich landlord. Peter hurries to his office.

 The traveler tarries at the inn on his way.

My mother always worries about me.

A miser buries his money under the ground. Television program occupies boys attention. He levies unjust taxes on the people.

She pacifies a screaming baby.

A kite flies in the sky. A bus carries passengers from one place to another.

Grammar at its best !!!

Present Forms of To Be
Person
First Person: Second Person:
Third Person:

Singular
I am. You are.
He is. She is.

Plural
We are. You are.
They are. They are.

It is.

They are.

 Various meanings of To Be TO BE: am, is, are, was, were, been, being:

To have reality; to exist; to live: She is no more.

To take place; to happen: Cattle exhibition is here next week.

To remain; to continue: He will be in U.S. all year. To equal; to represent: Let "y" be the unknown quantity.
Be is used as linking verb between a subject and a predicate modifier: John is the captain. She is sick. Be is used as an auxiliary verb with the present participle of another verb to form progressive tense:

 He is reading. She was asking. You will be asking. Be is used to express future time, duty, intention and Possibility: I am to be there at seven. No cloud is to be seen. Be is used with the past participles of some verbs to form the perfect tense: The sun is set. Examples: (Affirmative Sentences) I am the architect of my fate.

I am the citizen of no mean country.

We are the puppets in the hands of God. You are very jealous of my success. You all are honest people.

 They all are honorable people. He is an artist.

She is very shy girl.

It is very costly. They are our good neighbors. Sugar is sweet.

Fox is a cunning animal.

Bitter gourd is bitter. There are seven days in a week. Sunday is the first day of the week.

Language is one the most valuable to possessions of man.

Man is mortal.

 Grass is green. Sea water is salty.

Cobra is a poisonous snake.

Mathematics is my favorite study. I am very proud of your outstanding success. She is my cousin.

It is both cheap and good.

Dog is a faithful animal. Prevention is better than cure. Gold is a precious metal.

The Mediterranean sea is between Europe and Africa.

The Everest is the highest mountain peak in the world.

 Moustache is one the most visible signs of manliness. Character is the crown and glory of life.

Paris is the capital and largest city of France. Silver is lighter than gold.
The moon is a satellite of the earth. The Nile is the longest river in the world. The Chinese are more ambitious than the Japanese. Telephone, radio and television are some of the quickest means of reaching people. Pen is mightier than sword.

 Mango is sweeter than any other fruit. My circumstances are very bad.

Air is everywhere.
Health is wealth. Man is a wolf to man. Blood is thicker than water.

The wages of sin is death.

Hunger, cold and sickness are hardships. This is a good book on English grammar. Mercury is 13.6 times heavier than water.

My youngest son is an aircraft mechanic.

I am the captain of my soul.

Examples: (Negative Sentences) I am not cocksure.

We are not slaves.

You are not ready. You are not very sincere. He is not at home.

She is not well.

It is not my job. It is not her fault. Man is not immortal.

The sky is not cloudy.

They are not my enemies. Birds are not in their nests.

 Weather is not hot. She is not a timid girl.

They are not cowards.

I am not a beggar. Grapes are not sour. Their parents are not very rich.

He is not a thief.
This car is not in a good condition. My father is not a politician. You are not a good singer.

The minister is not corrupt.

Your teeth are not clean and healthy. He is not a dishonest man.

 She is not my relative. Your answers are not wrong.

Harry is not an engineer.

Our people are not illiterate. Ours is not a joint family. Tom is not a liar as you think.

Your question is not very easy to answer.

Wealth is not as important as health. Fighting people is not as good as planting trees. A dead lion is not as useful as a live ass.

Your handwriting is not legible.

The passenger train is not late. We are not deaf.

 Your idea is not a bad one.

This water is not pure.

English language is not so hard as Sanskrit. Gold is not so useful as iron. War is not the ultimate reality in life.

I am not a faultfinder.
She is not a witch. Stone is not a living thing. There is no life on the Moon.

There is no smoke without fire.

Grammar at its best !!!

Present Forms of To Do
Person
First Person: Second Person:
Third Person:

Singular
I do. You do.
He does. She does.

Plural
We do. You do.
They do. They do.

It does.

They do.

Various meanings of to Do Do: do, doest or dost, Does: doeth or doth pt. did, pp. done, ppr. doing. To carry out; to perform:

I did my work. To act; to work:

It was a question of do or die. To complete; to finish, to end: Thats done. To make; to produce:

Warner Brothers did a movie about Troy.

To be the cause of; to bring about: Two Great World Wars did a misery to the entire mankind.

To Act; to behave: Do wisely. To render: Do justice.

To deal with as the case may require; to put in order: Do the dishes. Do your hair. To get along; to manage; to fare:
How do you do? To be satisfactory; to be enough; to serve: This pen will do.

To work out; to solve:

He likes to do crossword puzzles. Do the sum. To cook: Food will be done in an hour.

To cover; to traverse: He does 40 km. in an hour.

To cheat; to trick:
You shouldnt do me in this deal. Do have special uses where it has no definite meaning: a) In asking questions: Do you like milk? b) In emphasizing a verb: I do want to go. c) In standing for a verb already used:

My dog goes where I do.

d) In expressions that contain not: People talk; animals do not.

In inverted constructions after the adverbs rarely, hardly, little etc.

 Rarely does he laugh. Examples:

I do my chore regularly.
We do exercise every morning. You do harm to animals. He does act of mischief.

She does painting for pastime.

It does work. They do prayers. James does telephone repairing.

Lee does embroidery.

Parents do a lot for their children. The boy does all the sums correctly.

 He does oral practice.

They do canvassing for the Congress

Grammar at its best !!!

Present Forms of To Have

Person
First Person: Second Person:
Third Person:

Singular
I have. You have.
He has. She has.

Plural
We have. You have.
They have. They have.

It has.

They have.

Various Meanings of To Have To: hast, hath, has, have, had, and having:

To hold:
I have a pen in my hand. To possess; to own: I have both a house and land.

To Cause to:
Have her take away cups and saucers. To be obliged: Man has to earn his bread.

To obtain, to receive, to take, and to get:

Please, have a seat.

To show by action: Have the guts to fight and win.

Experience:
She has a toothache. To engage in, to carry on, and to perform: Have a talk with her.

To allow, to permit:
He wont have any noise while he is studying. To maintain, to assert: You will have it so.

To keep, to retain:
I have all instructions in mind.

To know, to understand: She has French.

To hold in the mind:

I have an idea. To be in a certain relation to: He has three sisters.

To hold an advantage over:

You have me there. To outwit or to cheat: He had their jest and they had his estate.

Become the father or mother of:

Mr. Smith, you have a son.

Have is used with past participles to express completed action that is the perfect tense: They have come. Examples: (Affirmative Sentences)

I have many good books. We have fourteen acres of land.

You have two cows. You have a lot of money in a bank. He has a car.

She has beautiful hair.

It has four wheels. They have many cattle.

 My brother has poultry in the village. Our farm has mango trees.

Your mother has many ornaments.

His uncle has a grocery shop. Her sister has a pretty doll. It has many branches.

Their children have motorbikes.

Harry has a good dog. The earth has only one satellite, the moon. The Alps have Mont Blanc the only highest peak. The earth has an atmosphere. Elephants have trunks.

 A horse has long slender legs. Monkeys have tails.

Man has thirty two teeth in all.

Birds have two legs and two wings. A peacock has crest on its head. A bat has teeth.

A rainbow has seven colors.

A week has seven days. Fish have fins. A spider has eight legs.

Most insects have six legs.

I have poor eyesight. Lions and tigers have sharp claws.

 Rose plant has thorns. Parrot has a hooked red beak.

Bullocks have horns.

Air has a weight. Reptiles have short legs. Grass has blades.

Men have moustache and beard.

Trees have roots. We have five sensory organs. A cobra has two fangs.

A scorpion has a sting.

A lion has a mane.

 A fox has a bushy tail.

They have a son and two daughters.

A coin has two sides. A rabbit has two long ears. A polar bear has fur on its body.

You have a large collection of old coins.

She has fair complexion. Riches have wings. A camel has a hump.

Examples: (Negative Sentences) I do not have any idea.

We do not have any property.

You do not have any sense. He does not have any stamina. She does not have a brother.

It does not have any smell.

They do not have wealth. Snakes do not have legs. Water does not have taste and color.

He does not have any clothes to wear.

They do not have any food to eat. You do not have any work to do.

 We do not have water to drink. The moon does not have any atmosphere.

They do not have children of their own.

I do not have any change. Man does not have a tail as monkey. A peahen does not have plumage.

He does not have any friend.

We do not have pet animal. She does not have any jewellery. My mother does not have much education.

The woman does not have necklace with a diamond pendant.

The villages do not have tall buildings as cities.

 Cities do not have meadows. Planets do not have light of their own.

Women do not have moustache and beard.

I do not have a motorbike. She does not have any teeth left. I do not have any business with you.

It does not have any fragrance.

They do not have any education. She does not have any son. The boy does not have parents.

You do not have any choice.

I do not have any option. He does not have any source of income.

 You do not have a horse. He does not have a lorry.

She does not have beauty.

Your gait does not have any grace. She does not have voice for singing. You do not have any intelligence.

My friend does not have any shelter.

You do not have any skill. She does not have tact. We do not have home library.

Our doctor does not have any attendant.

He does not have either gold or silver. We do not have a pet dog.

Grammar at its best !!!

Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect Tense is used
To express an action that has just finished; as,

I have solved the problem (just now). To express some past action that continues up to the present moment; He has lived in London five years. (It implies that the speaker is still living in London.)
To express a work which was completed long ago, but which still exists; The English have founded great empire in the east.

In summing up the work of authors living or recently dead; Wordsworth has written many poems.

For a future perfect when such words as when, before, as soon as, often, till are used before it;
I will attend to this business as soon as I have finished my letter. In referring to what has frequently happened in the past ; Poor men have often risen to high positions by hard work.

Note: - The Present Perfect Tense cannot be used with an adverb that expresses past time or definite point of past time.

E.g. I have written a letter yesterday. (say I wrote a letter yesterday.) The Present Perfect Tense is formed as given below:

Rule: - subject + have / has + past participle of root verb

Examples:
I have finished my home work. We have bought a new television set.

You have broken the window pane. He has eaten bread and butter.
She has paid the grocery bill.

 It has hurt me. They have sent me a wedding invitation.

Peter has required my handset.

Merry has cooked food. The boys have won the match. The postman has delivered the letter.

The doctor has examined the patient.

The teacher has taught this chapter. I have received your money order. The election campaign has already begun.

The bank has stopped payment of his cheque.

He has started the business with comparatively small capital.

Grammar at its best !!!

Present Continuous Tense

Rule 1: The Present Continuous Tense is used to express an action going on at the time of speaking;

E.g.
The boys are playing cricket. The girls are singing.

Rule: - subject + am / is / are + root verb + ing

Examples: I am reading a newspaper. We are watching a television program.

You are doing your lessons.

He is eating a cake. She is washing her hands with clean water. It is raining heavily.

They are waiting for a bus.

Tom is going to his office. Mother is calling her daughter.

 She is withdrawing money from her savings bank account. An Old man is coughing. Sparrows are chirping.

Grandma is telling us an interesting story. Mother is cooking food.

Rule 2 :- If a root verb ends in e then e is left out before adding ing to such a root verb. (that is make-making) Some verbs are exceptions to this rule; as,

dye=dyeing; eye=eyeing.
Examples: I am making paper boat. We are solving mathematical problems.

 You are riding a motorbike. He is bathing.

She is preparing for the examination.

It is breathing. They are saving money for the rainy days. An old man is smoking a cigarette.

The doctor is examining the patients.

They are torturing the helpless. You are troubling us. Tom is teasing Mary.

They are coming by bus.

You are taking a lot of time to finish the work. She is giving me a birthday present.

 They are living in New York. The child is hiding behind the tree.

The sun is rising in the east.

He is abusing everyone. Rule 3:- If a root verb ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, then the last letter is doubled before ing added to such a verb; as, swim-swimming. Examples: I am cutting my nails with a nail cutter.

You are batting very well.

We are swimming in the well. He is running very fast. She is clapping.

 This train is stopping at all stations.

The batsman is hitting the ball to the rope and the over rope. She is shutting down the system. It is perfectly fitting my head.
The traveler is sitting under the banyan tree. Water is dripping from wet clothes. Men are sipping tea at a stall.

Servants are putting things in order.

The child is dipping its hands into water. The salesman is gift wrapping.

Rule 4 :- If a root verb ends in y or w and it is preceded by a single vowel, then y or w is not doubled while ing is applied to such verbs; as, draw=drawing; play=playing. Examples:

I am withdrawing money from my savings bank account.

We are playing One Day Match.

You are borrowing money from the money lender.

He is paying telephone bill at the post office.

She is drawing beautiful pictures.

The river is flowing. The strong wind is blowing.

 The nuisance is growing day by day. The servant is throwing rubbish into the dustbin.

The farmer is sowing seeds in the field.

The child is buying ice-cream at the stall. Mother is sewing a blouse. A rat is gnawing hole through the wall.

Her face is glowing with excitement and an eager look.

Smoke from the factory is polluting the air.

We are aiming at a 20% increase in profits.

He is planning to leave money in the bank for a long time.

I am thinking of going on holiday next month.

Grammar at its best !!!

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense shows that the action begun in the past is continuing up to the present time;

E.g.
It has been raining since midnight. I have been reading since seven oclock. You have been helping me for five years.

We have been talking for three hours.

Rule: - subject + have / has + been + root verb + ing

Examples: He has been living in U.S since 1980. She has been teaching English for ten years.

It has been crying for two hours.

They have been working together since 1991. Tom has been playing cricket for two hours. Boys have been making noise since the teacher left. The mechanic has been overhauling the car for two days.

 The tailor has been sewing clothes for thirty years. The doctor has been operating the patient for two hours. Our dog has been barking since midnight. I have been looking forward to your letter since Monday. The passengers have been waiting for the train for an hour.