FACULTY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA BFC 14003 TUTORIAL 1

Order and linearity State the order and determine whether the following ordinary differential equations linear or nonlinear. dy d2y dy + xy 2 = 0 (a) (b) x 2 2 + x + 2 y = sin x dx dx dx 4 3 2 d y d y d y dy d2y (c) (d) + + + + y = 1 + sin( x + y ) = sin x dx 4 dx3 dx 2 dx dx 2 Separable equations 1. Determine whether or not each of the given equations is separable; solve those which are separable. 4 xy dx + ( x 2 +1)dy = 0 (Answer: ( x 2 +1) 2 y = A ) (a) dr - 2r = (b) (Answer: r sin 2 q = A ) d q tan q ( xy + 4)( y 2 +1)dx + y ( x 2 + 3 x + 2)dy = 0 (Answer: This is not a separable equation) (c) dy y cos t = (d) (Answer: ln | y | + y = sin t + A ) dt 1+ y ty y = (e) (Answer: This is not a separable equation) 2t + 5 y Solve the initial-value problems below by using method of separable equation; p p 8cos 2 y dx + csc 2 xdy = 0, y = (a) 4 (Answer:- tan y = 4( x - cos x sin x) - 1.048 ) 12 dy 3x 2 + 4 x + 2 = , y (0) = 1 (Answer: y 2 2 y = x 3 + 2 x 2 + 2 x + 3 ) (b) dx 2( y 1) 1 y = y 2 , y (0) = 1 (Answer: y = (c) ) 1 t

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Homogenous equations 1. Determine whether or not each of the given equations is homogenous; solve those which are homogenous. (2 xy + 3 y 2 )dx - (2 xy + x 2 )dy = 0 (Answer: y 2 + xy = Ax 3 ) (a) dy y y y = tan + (Answer: sin = Ax ) (b) x x dx x dy x 2 + xy + y 2 1 y (c) (Answer: tan ln | x |= A ) = 2 x dx x 2 2 2 xy dy = ( x + 3 y ) dx (Answer: x 2 + y 2 Ax3 = 0 ) (d) dy x + 3 y 2x = + ln | x + y |= A ; also y = x ) (e) (Answer: dx x y x+ y Show that differential equation ( Ax + By )dx + (Cx + Dy ) dy = 0 is homogenous differential equation.
Prepared by : Pn Syahirbanun binti Isa

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Linear equations 1. Determine whether or not each of the given equations is linear; solve those which are linear. dy + 3 y - 3 x 2 e- 3 x (Answer: y = ( x3 + A)e- 3 x ) (a) dx dx x 1 + 2 = 2 (Answer: x = 1 + Ae1/t ) (b) dt t t dy ( x 2 + x - 2) + 3( x + y ) y = x - 1 (Answer: This is not a linear equation) (c) dx 2 ln(t ) y + y = cot t (Answer: This is not a linear equation) (d) (e) 2. t t (t 4) y + y = 0 (Answer: y = A ) t4
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Solve the initial-value problems below; e- x , 0 x < 2 dy + y = f ( x), where f ( x) = (a) , y (0) = 1 -2 dx e , x 2 e- x ( x +1), 0 x < 2 y = ) -2 - x 2e + e , x 2 1 ty + 2 y = 4t 2 , y (1) = 2 (Answer: y = t 2 + 2 ) (b) t ln | sin t | ty + y = cot t , y (2) = 3 (Answer: y = + 3.048 ) (c) t

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Exact equations 1. Determine whether or not each of the given equations is exact; solve those which are exact. dy 2 xy +1 =- 2 (a) (Answer: x + x 2 y + 2 y 2 = A ) dx x +4y (b) (c) (d) (e) 2. (6 x 2 y + 2 y 2 - 5)dx + (3 x 2 + 4 xy - 6)dy = 0 (Answer: This is not an exact equation) (q2 +1) cos r dr + 2qsin r d q = 0 (Answer: (q2 +1)sin r = A ) 2 x + y 2 + 2 xyy = 0 (Answer: x 2 + xy 2 = A ) y cos x + 2 xe y + (sin x + x 2 e y 1) y = 0 (Answer: y sin x + x 2 e y y = A )

Solve the initial-value problems below; (2 xy - 3)dx + ( x 2 + 4 y )dy = 0, y (1) = 2 (Answer: x 2 y - 3 x + 2 y 2 = 7 ) In each of the following equations, determine the constant C such that the equation is exact, and solve the resulting exact equation 3 ( x 2 + 3 xy )dx + (Cx 2 + 4 y )dy = 0 (Answer: C = , 2 x3 + 9 x 2 y +12 y 2 = A ) (a) 2 1 1 Cx +1 dx + dy = 0 (Answer: C = - 2, 2 x 2 - 2 y 2 - x = Axy 2 ) (b) 2 + 2 3 y x y

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Prepared by : Pn Syahirbanun binti Isa