Base on Law of Indonesian Government : 1.

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 Year 2007 on National Long-Term Development Plan 2005 - 2025. 2. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 44 Year 2009 on Hospital. 3. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 1992 on Health (State Gazette of 1992 Number 100, Supplement to State Gazette No. 3495). 4. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 29 Year 2004 regarding Medical Practice (State Sheet of 2004 Number 16, Supplement to Statute Book No. 4431). 5. Government Regulation Number 32 Year 1996 on Health Manpower (State Gazette of 1996 Number 49, Supplement to State Gazette No. 3637). 6. Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 1045/Menkes/Per/XI/2006 regarding Hospital Organizations in the Ministry of Health. 7. Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 512/MENKES/PER/IV/2007, concerning Permit Practice and Implementation of Medical Practice. 8. Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 147/Menkes/Per/20210 on Hospital Licensing 9. Ministry of Health Strategic Plan Year 2010-2014 Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 Year 2007 on National LongTerm Development Plan 2005 - 2025, Appendix, Part II General Conditions Clause A.1, 3 and 4 stated that health is a basic factor and must getting a serious attention. This relates to the issue of socio-cultural and religious development, the quality of human resources and health condition of the people of Indonesia are still low and far behind the health of people condition in other ASEAN countries, which characterized is among other high maternal mortality rate ( 307 per 100 thousand live births, Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey- SDKI years 2002-2003), the high mortality rate of infants and toddlers. Paragraph 4 of the Preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945, which states that: To form a government of the state of Indonesia which shall protect all the
people of Indonesia and all the independence and the land that has been struggled for, and to improve public welfare, to educate the life of the people

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia

Article 28a states that:

Every person shall have the right to live and to defend his/her life and existence.

Article 28h of paragraph 1: "Everyone has the right to physically and spiritually have a prosperous life, living, and getting a good environment and healthy living, and receive medical care" Article 34 paragraph 1: "The poor and abandoned children maintained by the State of Indonesian Republic" Article 34, paragraph 3: "The state of Indonesian Republic is responsible for the provision of health care facilities and public services facilities" On operational scoop, the National Health System (Kep Menkes 131Menkes/SK/II/2004) placing Hospital as one of the Individual Health Effort (UKP) Second Strata (Type C hospital and B for Non Education) and UKP Strata third (Type Education A and B Hospital). UKP is a element key in efforts of Subsystem Health. East Java Vision Central's leading agribusiness, global competitiveness and sustainable headed East Java prosperous and moral. Third Mission: To provide a gaining access to improved quality of life which aimed at: Health development Population development Manpower development Social welfare development Alleviation of poverty Article 28a states that: "Everyone has the right to live and to defending their life and living" History of the hospital The service of hospital begins when VOC (Vereenigde Oost Indische Compagnie) which marked by :: 1. The hospital for military more intended for :: a. Sailor Man - Injured worker

- Wounded soldier b. VOC is supporting and subsidizing the construction of the hospital for the Chinese community in Jakarta: - The abandoned people - The victims of opium addicted 2. Herman Willem Daendels build Groot Militaire Hospitalen in Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya. Some indigenous groups are free of charge: - Prostitutes which sick, the insane people, the sick inmates, and also the government officials. In 1830: cultuurstelsel system on the estate: - The plantation company hospital - The shipping company hospital As the embryo of The Hospital of state-owned Enterprises for the labor (worker plantation and also the worker on mining) automatically cut from their wages (sick / not sick). In 1901: Ethical Policy In Jakarta establish the Centraal Burgerlijk Ziekenhuis (CBZ), known as RSCM ( Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangun Kusumo) Private Hospital: Christian Missionary Hospital, initially self-financed, government subsidies in 1906. Further developments: In the year of 1980 the oil price plummeted health financing policy reform: Deregulation and de-bureaucratization Government Hospital Self Financing Privatization JPKM System In the year of 1990 Foreign Investment for Hospital Recent conditions: The Hospital was in transition period: Social Institutions and non social institutions The hospital facing global and competitive environment (Including with the alternative health care system) Required the hospital with basic management concepts " Ethical Management System" Halaman 7

Institutional Policies Government Hospital Policy Trend: - Since the 1980s, an effort to provide greater autonomy to the Government Hospital - At the end of the 20th century there is a change in the world of Public Administration from the traditional norms and traditional values into a concept that called New Public Management (NPM). Government Hospital Institutional Model Hospital Institutional Changes base on Harding and Preker: Phase 1: Subsidy Hospital ( Budgetary Units) Fully a part of the government bureaucracy Phase 2: Autonomous Hospital ( Outonomous Units ) Having the freedom on managing specific areas ( especially on finance) Phase 3: Corporate Hospital (Corporatized Units) Government-owned , managed as a business organization Phase 4: Privat Hospital ( Privatized Units ) In the for of company which selling shares to the public. Hal 8 The Hospital development tendency Changed from normative organization (social organizations) to the utilitarian organization (social-economic organization) Encouraging the process of corporatization of government hospitals. The comparison between Indonesia and States of ASEAN member and SEARO ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is a geopolitical and economic organization of countries in Southeast Asia that aims to promote economic growth, social progress and cultural development for the member countries, and to create peace in the South East Asia region. Members ASEAN many as 10 countries, Brunei Darussalam, Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos ( People's of Republic Democratic Laos), Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. While SEARO (South East Asia Region), the grouping of countries according to WHO, Indonesia is the member along with 10 other countries, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, North Korea, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Srilanka , Thailand and Timor Leste.

Population Information about population is very important to know so the development can be directed as needed which target is the population as well as the population as an development actors. Large population can be seen as a burden and also as capital of development. a. Number and Population Density According to the 2010 World Population Data Sheet, in the middle of 2010, Indonesia is the most populous country among ASEAN member countries with a population of 235.5 million people (Population Census data on 2010, states of Indonesia's population per month in May 2010 totaled 237.6 million) and is the largest population in the ASEAN, while the state with the smallest population is Brunei Darussalam, which is 0.4 million people. While in the SEARO region, Indonesia is second ranked after India (with a population of 1188.8 million). When viewed by the population density, Singapore recorded as the most congested in the ASEAN region with population density of 7526 inhabitants per km2. This figure is far above if we compare with the other ASEAN member countries. While the state with the lowest population density is Laos, which is 27 inhabitants per km2. Indonesia has a population density of 124 people per km2, was the fifth ranked of the most populous country. While in the SEARO region, Indonesia ranks is eighth most populous. Country. b. Rate of Population Growth Indicators of population growth rate is very useful to predicting the number of people in a region or country in the future. By knowing this number of people in the future, we can understand the basic needs of the population in the areas of life, including in the health sector. Indicators are commonly known as population growth rate. The growth rate of the population is affected by three factor which are : births, deaths and migration. In the period of 2000 - 2009, the highest annual population growth rate among ASEAN countries is Brunei Darussalam with population growth rate of 0.8%. In the SEARO region, at the same period, the population growth rate ranged from 0.5% to 3.7%. Highest population growth rate is Timor Leste and the lowest is North Korea. In the other hand in Indonesia, the population growth rate reach 1.4% which in the ASEAN region on the third ranks along with Vietnam. While in the SEARO region, Indonesia is fifth ranked. c. The Population by group of age One rough indicator which indicates the economic situation in a country, whether its classified as developed country or developing countries is the rate of expense dependents (dependency ratio). The higher the percentage of the figures indicate the increasing load factor. Load of dependency to support by productive people to whom that have not been in productive (age group 0-14 years) and no longer productive ( age 65 years up ). Percentage of population by non-productive age group (0-14 years and the age group of 65 up ) in 2010 stated that , Laos is the largest country for the group of age compared

with other countries in the ASEAN region, which is 43% of the total population. Conversely, Singapore is a country with the population composition of the lowest nonproductive age group is 275. d. Human Development Index Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure of three dimensions of human development, which is long life and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), educated (measured by literacy rates and average length of school period) and having a decent standard of living (measured by income / expenditure in real per capita). Based on international standards, Human Development Index (HDI) categorized below: Very high : HDI > 0.900 High : HDI > 0.800 to 0.899 Medium : HDI from 0.500 to 0.799 Low : HDI <0.500 In accordance with that category, in 2010 there was no the countries of ASEAN member fall into the category of Very High. Only 2 countries that entered the category of Appeal, namely Brunei Darussalam and Singapore, 5 countries, including Indonesia, included in the category of Medium and 3 countries entered Low category. Indonesia's HDI in 2010 of 0.600 increased compared to year 2009 (0.593). In SEARO region, from 11 countries (not include Bhutan and North Korea, because there is no data), there is no category of countries with Very High HDI and also High HDI, 6 countries have a category of Medium HDI and 3 countries entering Low HDI, namely Myanmar, Bangladesh and Nepal. e. Total Fertility Rate Total Fertility rate (TFR) is a description of the average number of children which born by a woman from age 15 to 49 years. The comparisons of TFR between countries can show the country's success on implementing socio-economic development. Very high number of TFR is a reflection of the number of marriage at very young age, low education levels, especially on women, low socio-economic level or higher poverty rates. Beside that, of course, it shows the success of family planning programs implemented in the country. Total Fertility rate in a country can be used for the planner of development programs to elevate the average of marriage age and increasing health care programs related to maternal care and child care. Total of Fertility rate can be classified into 3 levels: Low, Medium and High (ADB, Key Indicators in 2002). Low fertility occurs when a woman's fertility gain rate 2.1 or less, Medium fertility between 2.2 to 3.9 and High fertility when fertility rate of 4 or more. Using the classification in year of 2010 there are 4 countries included in the category of low women fertility figures, which are : Singapore (1.2), Brunei Darussalam (1.7), Thailand (1.8) and Vietnam (2.1). While Indonesia in the Middle Category fertility rate of 2.4, which means average for every woman in Indonesia have an 2 to 3 child during the fertile period.