10/4/2011

The Dissociative Disorders

DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (contd)

Dissociation:
A phenomenon involving breakdown of the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, and perception.

DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (contd)

Dissociative Amnesia:
Involves an inability to recall important personal information, p , usually y of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
Localized, selective, generalized

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DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (contd)

Dissociative Fugue:
Characterized by sudden, unexpected travel y from home or ones customary yp place of away work, an inability to recall ones past and confusion about personal identity.

DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (contd)

Depersonalization:
A persistent or recurring feeling of being detached from ones mutual p processes or body y that is accompanied by intact reality testing.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently l take k control l of f the individuals behavior.

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DSM-IV Criteria for DID

The presence of two or more identities or personality states. At least two of these identities recurrently take control of the persons behavior. Inability to recall important information too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. Not due to physiological effects of a substance or general medical condition.

Clinical Features of DID

Specific Features Nonspecific Features Childhood abuse Amnesia Speaking p g of oneself as Self-destructive we or us behavior Imaginary companions Prediagnosis mental health treatment Changes in handwriting (REDRUM)

Treatment of DID
Core treatment of DID is individual psychotherapy involving several techniques.
Central goal is integration of the alters into a single and coherent personality state.

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The Somatoform Disorders

Definition
Somatoform disorders Individual complains of bodily symptoms that suggest a physical defect or dysfunction but for which no physiological basis can be found Psychological problems take a physical form

DSM-IV Somatoform Disorders

Disorder
Pain disorder Body dysmorphic disorder Hypochondriasis Conversion Disorder Somatization

Description
Psychological factors play a significant role in the onset and maintenance of pain. Preoccupation with imagined or exaggerated defects in physical appearance. Preoccupation with fears of having a serious illness. Sensory or motor symptoms without any physiological cause. Recurrent, multiple physical complaints that have no biological basis.

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