Selected MCQs in General Biology

Part I 1- Synthesis and breakdown of polymers is made by a- dehydration and condensation b- dehydration and hydration c- addition of water molecule only d- removal of water molecule only 2-One of the following macromolecules is not a polymer a- Cellulose b- Starch c- Nucleic acid d- Sex hormones 3- - glycosidic linkages is present in the polymers of a- Amylose b- Amylopectin c- Cellulose d- Glycogen 4- All of the following is true about hydrogenated vegetable oils, EXCEPT ONE a- They were unsaturated b- They turned to be saturated c- Are liquid at room temperatures d- Are solid at room temperatures 5- Phospholipids are amphipatic because of their a- hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tails b- hydrophilic head and hydrophilic tails c- hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads d- hydrophobic tails and hydrophobic tails 6- Steroids are synthesized from cholesterol by a- changes in the four fused carbon rings b- different substitutions on the side chains c- deletion of one ring d- addition of one more ring 7- Triacylglycerol is a lipid molecule constructed from 3 fatty acids attached to one molecule of glycerol by a- , 1-4 glycosidic linkage b- peptide bond c- ester linkage d- , 1-4 glycosidic likage 8- A phospholipids molecule is similar to a fat molecule but it has only------fatty acids a- three b- one c- two d- four 9- Tertiary protein is a- single polypeptide with -helix formation b- single polypeptide with -pleated sheets formations c- single polypeptide with -helix formation and -pleated sheets formations d- with -helix formation and -pleated sheets formations on two polypeptides 10- One of the following chemical bonds is not involved in the folding of protein a- hydrogen bonds b- hydrophobic bonds c- ionic bonds d- peptide bonds 11- Proteins of hair, horns, feathers and other skin appendages is a- storage protein b- enzymatic protein c- hormonal protein d- structural protein 12- The first step in the cycle of an enzyme is a- substrate binds to enzyme b- substrate converted c- products released d- enzyme become free

13- All polypeptides have the same backbone structure but they differ in their R groups only a- true b- false 14- The polynucleotide is characterized by the followings EXCEPT ONE a- usually present in double-strands b- each strand has 3 end and 5 end c- strands are in a parallel arrangement d- Nitrogenous bases are in a complementary arrangement between the two strands 15- For sequence of 5-AGGTCCG-3, there is a complementary sequence a- 5-ACCGTAAG-3 b- 3-TCCAGGC-5 c- 3-TGGACCX-5 d- 5-TCCAGGC-3 16- Electron microscopy provide high magnification and resolution because it uses a- a beam of UV b- the blue light spectrum c- a beam of electrons d- a beam of protons 17- Prokaryotic cells, they have DNA is present in a- nucleus b- nucleiod c- nucleolus d- mitochondria 18- All cells are bound by plasma membrane, but not all cells have cell wall a- true b- false 19- The protein associated with protein folding and discovered in the bacteria E. coli is called a- hemoglobin b- collagen c- chaperonin d- lysosome 20- Nucleic acids are polymers of the following monomers a- nucleosides b- nucleotides c- pentose sugar d- hexose-phosphate sugar 21- A male (man) with a defected dynin is likely to become sterile because his sperms a- are not formed b- not active c- can not swim d- have no flagellum 22- Nuclear membranes are, EXCEPT ONE a- part of the endoplasmic membranes system b- continuous with the endoplasmic membranes c- outer and inner membranes are connected by pore complexes d- outer membrane contains no ribosomes 23- Nuclear lamina is made of a- microtubules b- microfilaments c- intermediate filaments d- microtubules and microfilaments 24- Ribosomes are, EXCEPT ONE a- made of two protein subunits b- some are present on the surface of the rough ER c- some are present free in the cytosole d- they are bound by single membrane 25- The enzymes of the smooth ER are important to synthesis of; EXCEPT ONE a- oils b- phospholipids c- steroids d- carbohydrates

26- Cells in the testes and ovaries are rich in a- smooth ER b- rough ER c- lysosmes d- peroxiosomes 27- One of the following is a mismatch a- bound ribiosomessecretory proteins b- bound reibososmesnuclear outer membrane c- free ribosomescytoplasmic enzymes d- free ribosomessecretory proteins 28- Enzymes of the lysosomes function in the following EXCEPT ONE a- phagocytosis b- Autopahgy c- lipid digestion d- work better in basic(alkaline) medium 29- The free ribosomes of the mitochondria are present in its a- Inter-membrane space b- Mitochondrial matrix c- on the outer-membrane d- on the cristae of the inner membrane 30- The grana are made of a- stacked thylakoids b- Stroma c- inner chloroplast membranes d- outer chloroplast membrane 31- Peroxisomes are characterized by the following EXCEPT ONE a- bound by single membrane b- Produce H2O2 c- Converts H2O2 to water d- bud from the endo-membrane system 32- Centrosome is characterized by a- two centrioles each one is made of 9 triplets of microtubules b- Two ceneriles each one is made of (9+2) pattern of microtubules c- one centriole made of 9 triplets of microtubules d- not identical with the basal body 33- Flagella and cilia are; EXCEP ONE a- bound by the plasma membrane b- anchored to the basal body c- have a core of 9 duplets outer plus 2 central microtubules d- Both are anchored to the plasma membrane 34- Motor protein is involved in one of the following a- Movement of the flagella in prokaryote cell b- Pseudopodia formation c- movement of cilia and flagella in eukaryote cells d- Cytoplasmic streaming inside plant cells 35- Bilayer phospholipids membranes are a- fluid when their lipid contains unsaturated fatty acids b- viscous when their lipid contains unsaturated fatty acids c- fluid when their lipid contains saturated fatty acids d- fluid when they contain more cholesterol

36- A hybrid cell made by fusion of mouse and man RBCs indicated a- proteins of the membrane move side way b- proteins of the membrane undergo flip-flap c- proteins of the membrane do not move at all d- phospholipid molecules do flip-flap 37- lycoprotein, glycolipid and fibers are components of the a- ECM or outer surface of the plasma membrane b- Cytoplasmic side of the membrane c- both sides of the plasma membrane d- the inside of the plasma membrane it self 38- A bacterial transport protein, bacterirhodopsin is characterized by EXCEPT ONE a- integral protein with 7 transmembrane helices b- with N-terminus outside cell and C-terminus inside cytoplasm c- helix (7 helices) hydrophobic and non-helical hydrophilic d- It is a peripheral protein attached to microfilaments cytoskeletone 39- Biological membranes are permeable and selective because; EXCEPT ONE a- made of bilayer of phospholipids and proteins b- being hydrophobic inside (in their center) and hydrophilic on both surfaces c- they have channels and carriers d- some of their transport proteins act only when become phosphorylated 40- Osmosis is characterized by a- diffusion of water molecules across non - permeable membrane b- it is an active process requiring ATP c - water diffusion from hypotonic to hypertonic solution across semipermeable membrane d- water diffusion from hypertonic to hypotonic solution across semipermeable membrane Part II 1-The most prevalent and effective catabolic pathway in living cells is, a- Fermentation b- Cellular respiration c- Photosynthesis d- all of the above is correct 2-Loss of electrons from one substance is called a-Oxidation b-Reduction c-Dehydrogenation d-Phosphorylation 3-Cell division results in a- Genetically identical daughter cells b- Genetically not identical daughter cells c- Daughter cells with different genomes d- All of the above is correct 4- Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting a- Chromosomes b- Cytoplasm c- Neucleotides d- RNA

5- Addition of electrons to another substance is called a- Oxidation b- Reduction c- Dehydrogenation d- Phosphorylation 6- NAD+ becomes NADH+H in conjunction with the enzyme called, a- Dehydrogenase b- Hydrogenase c- Glucosidase d- Kinase 7- Respiration uses ------- mechanism in a "stepwise" manner of energy release a- Glycolysis b- Citric acid cycle c- Electron transport chain d- all of the above 8- Living cells generate ATP by a- Oxidative phosphorylation b- Substrate level phosphorylation c- Both of the above d- none of the above 9- Energy investment phase in glycolysis for one glucose molecule is ----ATP molecules and energy payoff is ----ATP and ---- NADH molecules a- 2, 4, and 2 b- 4, 2, and 2 c- 2, 2, and 4 d- 2, 2, and 2 10- One of the following happens in the cytosol a- Glycolysis b- Citric acid cycle c- Electron Transport Chain d- release of CO2

11- Citric acid cycle produces ----- NADH molecules and ------ATP molecules on substrate level and -------FADH2 molecules from each one pyruvate molecule a- 3, 1, and 1 b- 6, 2, and 2 c- 1, 1, and 3 d- 2, 2, and 6 12- The first CO2 produced via cellular respiration comes as a- the carboxyl group (-COO-) of pyruvate is removed b- acetate react with CoA c- Acetyle CoA is formed d- Acetyle CcA breaks down 13- Pyruvate is transported from cytosol into mitochondria via; a- Active transport b- Passive transport c- Simple diffusion d- Facilitated passive transport 14- ATP- Synthase ( a Molecular Mill) is a membrane protein complex with it's knob facing mitochondrial matrix is powered by a- the flow of hydrogen ions b- ATP c- ADP d- Pi 15- If the outer membrane of a mitochondrion get rupture (cut or broken) the following process stop functioning a- Chemiosmosis b- Glycolysis c- ETC d- Citric acid cycle 16- Oxidative phosphorylation include a- ETC and Chemiosmosis b- ETC only c- Chemiosmosis only d- Glycolysis and fermentation 17- The 2NADH produced via glycolysis and upon electron shuttle span membrane into the mitochondria may go in at energy level of 2FADH then respiration produce--ATP from each one glucose molecule a- 36 b- 38 c- 30 d- 18 18- Cytokinesis is the division of a- Cytoplasm b- Nucleus c- Nucleolus d- Cytosol

19- One of the following is not part of the interphase in cell cycle a- Metaphase b- Gap 1 c- Gap 2 d- S-phase 20- DNA synthesis happens during the ----in the cell cycle a- S-phase b- G2 c- G1 d- Prometaphase 21- Kinetochore microtubules are established at a- Prophase b- Prometaphase c- Metaphase d- Anaphase 22- One of the following is the longest phase in mitosis a- Prophase b- Prometaphase c- Metaphase d- Anaphase 23- The two sister chromatids of each pair suddenly part becoming chromosomes at the shortest stage of mitosis called a- Prometaphase b- Metaphase c- Anaphase d- Telophase 24- Kinitochore microtubules actually pull the new chromosomes apart from each other proved by a- presence of motor protein at the kinetochore attachment b- Accumulation of tubulin subunits at this stage c- Kinetochore microtubules section between marker and chromosomes become shorter d- all of the above is correct 25- Cytokinesis in animal cells is accomplished by a- Cleavage furrow made by contractile ring of microfilaments b- Cleavage ring made by microtubules c- Binary fission d- Cell plate formation 26- An M phase cell fused with another G1 phase cell, and then the chromosomes of the latter one become made of a- two sister chromatids b- no chromatids formed c- long not condensed d- contains the same amount of DNA as the M cell 27- The following Checkpoint of mammalian cells is called "restriction point" a- G1 b- G2 c- M d- G and G2 28- Dividing cells will pass G2 checkpoint only when the following molecules reach high concentration a- Cdk b- MPF c- Cyclin only d- Kinase 29- One of the following is not an external physical factor on cell division a- PDGF b- Density dependant inhibition c- Anchoring dependant d- limited number of cells per given surface area. 30- Metastasis is the spread of a- Cancer cells b- Benign tumor cells c- Malignant tumor cells d- a and c is correct

31- The following kind of reproduction does not involve meiosis a- Asexual reproduction and clone formation b- Alternation of generations c- Sexual life cycle in animals d- Sexual life cycle in some fungi 32- A karyotype of a normal somatic human cell at metaphase shows a- 22 pairs of autosomes plus X and Y chromosomes b- 46 sister chromatids c- 23 chromosomes d- 22 + 1 chromosomes 33- As a result of crossing over during meiosis the chromosomes will be a- Recombinant and parental chromosomes b- Recombinant chromosomes only c- Paternal Chromosomes only d- Maternal Chromosomes only 34- In plants and some algae the sexual life cycle involves an "alternation of generation" where; a- haploid spores divide by mitosis producing gametophytes b- Diploid zygote divides by mitosis producing sporophytes c- Gametes are produced by mitosis and haploid spores are produced by meiosis d- all of the above is correct 35- In the sexual life cycle of most fungi and some protists the only diploid stage is a- The zygote b- the multicellular organism c- Gametes d- Spores 36- Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets from; a- diploid to haploid b- n to 1/2 n c- 2n to n d- a and c is correct 37- The diploid number of chromosomes is reduces in half via the following stage of meiosis a- Meiosis I b- Meiosis II c- Meiosis I and II d- Interphase 38- Chiasmata and crossing over occurs during the following phase of meiosis a- Prophase I b- Prophase II c- Metaphase I d- Metaphase II 39- The centromere of each chromosome divide during the following phase of meiosis a- Anaphase I b- Anaphase II c- Metaphase I d- Metaphase II 40- Crossing over and exchange of chromatin segments happen between--------of the tetrads bind together by synaptonemal protein a- Non-sister chromatids of homolog chromosomes b- Sister chromatids of homolog chromosomes c- non-sister chromatids of non-homolog chromosomes d- Sister chromatids of non-homolog chromosomes