PHILIPPINES

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

GENDER DIMENSIONS IN THE PHILIPPINE CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

Gender Dimensions of the Program

Expected program impact on: - Utilization of health care services by women especially for maternal care - Reduced infant morbidity and mortality including the girl-child - Improved household allocation of resources for health and education of children (girls and boys alike) - Improved womens access to and control over household income and economic resources

Gender Dimensions of the Program

Design:
Mothers as preferred grantees because:
Priority for childrens health and education needs Ability to comply with conditions

Co-responsibilities (conditionalities)
Have direct bearing on maternal and child health goals Family Development Sessions as means to selforganize, raise awareness and knowledge of mothers/ parents and become active citizens Day care attendance of children 3-5 years old also aims to free up time of mothers to engage in productive activities

Gender Dimensions of the Program

Keeping children in school means keeping them away from engaging in child-labor

Mother-grantees are organized where 1 in every 25 is selected and trained as a parent leader Transition promotion through convergence strategy provides for:
Access to credit, employment and micro-insurance Scholarship for older children to avail tertiary education Opportunities to exercise agency especially in community infrastructure and local budget planning

Gender Dimensions of the Program

M&E
Sex-disaggregation of data across age-groups and household characteristics as basis for further analysis for policy and program enhancement

Delivery
Program does not discriminate against those not legally married Cash card is in the name of the woman-grantee Woman-grantee can enter into micro-enterprise venture w/o permission by spouse

Gender Dimensions of the Program

CRITICISMS
Phil. CCTs notion of women empowerment is too shallow as to limit it to the womans receipt of cash grant The program reinforces traditional gender roles and may even add to womens burden There should be more attention given to boys as there are more male dropouts

Efforts at ensuring GAD is mainstreamed in the Program

Nationwide gender assessment of the program Spot checks Impact evaluation studies Qualitative studies Gender Action Plan Gender-responsive capacity building for project implementers Dedicated staff at national and sub-national levels to serve as GAD focal person Collaboration with the Philippine Commission on Women and Civil Society Organizations

Challenges
Supply side deficiency take a toll of the womens ability to comply with coresponsibilities
The support interventions are not keeping up with the pace of program expansion and the timeline for transition of exiting beneficiaries

Challenges
Dealing with the many nuances of delivery to suit varying needs of women and girl-children in the context of a massive program implementation Sheer size of the program and its project management offices pose difficulties in instituting mechanisms that are genderresponsive