pH and Buffers

EXPERIMENT # 01 NAMES: Aguilar, Princess Alen I. Bumagat, Giane Carla C. Luis, Ana Patricia V. Villanueva, Christian C.

November 23, 2012 Dr. Nelson R. Villarante

There were several pH determinations which are; using the pH meter, pH paper, colorimetry, and the theoretically calculated pH. In calculating the theoretical pH using the obtained data, we used the dilution formula for the preparation of the reagents and the Henderson-Hasselbach Equation pH= pka + log [CNAA]/[CHA] where in it was comprises by salt and an weak acid which was called as Buffer solutions that is the focused of our experiment. Le Chatelier's principle states that if a reaction mixture at

equilibrium is disturbed by a change, the system will shift its equilibrium composition in a way that tends to counteract the change in an attempt to reestablish equilibrium Hence, we expect this as we add the acid (HCl) to the solutions to observe the effect of it.
KEYWORDS: *buffer *phosphate/acetate buffer *pH range

I.

INTRODUCTION

II.

OBJECTIVES

The term pH was introduced in 1909 by Sorensen, who defined pH as negative log of Hydrogen ion concentration. Basically there are solution in calculating pH, it is by a.) Calculation of [H-] b.) Calculating the base 10 log of H- c.) and pH is negative of the value found in base 10 log. This information will be adequate for most biochemical purposes of this biochemistry experiment. Buffer solution also comprises the III.

To illustrate the buffering properties of phosphates and acetates

To provide the students a sense work. of how buffers

METHODOLOGY

experiment wherein it will present its resistance to pH change as it is a combination of weak acid/base and its salt. This will be viewed from this experiment.

IV.

DATA AND RESULTS

Density (D)= 1.048 g/ml ?=6 g / 1. 048 g/ml = 5.72ml iv. SOLUTION D

a. PREPARATION OF BUFFERS i. SOLUTION A G= mol x molar weight (mwt) of the compound (cpd) 100mL of 1 M K2HPO4 V=0.1 M=1 Mwt=174.17 g/mol ?= 0.1 mol x 174.17 g/mol =17.40 g ii. SOLUTION B

G= mol x mwt. cpd. 100mL of 1M CH3COOHNa+ V=0.1 M=1

G= mol x mwt. cpd. Mwt= 83g/mol 100mL of 1 M KH2PO4 V=0.1 M=1 Mwt=136.07 g/mol ?= 0.1 mol x 136.07 g/mol =13.60 g iii. SOLUTION C G= mol x mwt. cpd. 100mL of 1M CH3COOH V=0.1 M=1 Mwt= 60 g/mol ?= 0.1mol x 60 g/mol =6.00g V=M/D 4
th

?= 0.1 mol x 83g/mol =8.30 g b. BUFFERING EFFECT Solutions meter 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd + 1 drop HCl 4th + 1 drop of HCl 5.98 5.96 6 5 4.74 4.74 7.22 3.20 7.47 7.43 pH paper 7.00 3.00 7.00 7.00 theoretical 7.00 4.30 7.14 7.14

1. Kw= [H+] [OH-] pH = - log [ 1E-7] = 7.00 2. H2O + HCl --------> H3O + Cl 1 drop = 0.00005L [H+]= 1E-7 + 0.00005 pH = -log [ 0.00005] =4.30 3. 0.005 L K2HPO4 + 00.005 KH2PO4 (M1V1)= (M2V2) (1mol)(0.005ml)=(?)(0.01ml) ?mol= 0.005ml/ 0.01ml =0.5M of K2HPO4 and KH2PO4 pH = pka + log [salt]/ [acid] =7.2E-8 + log [0.5]/[0.5] = 7.14

V. In

DISCUSSION every experiment with special

calculations, to have precise and accurate value, we must have the right values of the components that comprise the experiment to execute it, with successful and correct results that correspond to the principle which was anticipated to occur in the experiment. Hence we do computations for our target values such as the Volume and the Molarity of the solution to have exact preparation experiment. In this experiment, we focused on the effect of Buffer solutions which inhibits pH change of the solution. It is a combination of weak acid or weak base and its salt. Based on its definition, we must observe the resistance of the Phospate and Acetate Buffer solutions as we add a drop of HCl, furthermore, we find out that only a range of 0.02 from the pH of the reference solution that will be use on the

4. 0.005 L CH3COOH + 0.005 L CH3COOHNa+ (M1V1)= (M2V2) (1mol)(0.005ml)=(?)(0.01ml) ?mol= 0.005ml/ 0.01ml =0.5M of K2HPO4 and KH2PO4 pH = pka + log [salt] / [acid] =1.8E-5 + log [0.5]/[0.5] =4.74

unto the solution that has the HCl and it was a good result for Buffer presentation. In addition, that reaction of the solution is the expected result since we only add a drop of HCl which is equal to 0.05mL or 5x10-05 L, this value is very small to take great changes to the solution unless there is more volume added that will disturb the

equilibrium .

Obviously, according to the table of our results, the gathered results from the experiment only have a small difference compare to the theoretical computed

3. An acetate buffer was prepared by mixing 10 mL of 0.1M acetic acid and 100 mL of 0.1M sodium acetate. What is the pH of the buffer solution. (M1V1) = (M2V2) (0.1M)(0.01mL)=(?)(0.11mL) ?= 0.001/0.11 M=0.009 CH3COOH

values. We can say that instrumental error is involved in getting the results as one of our pH meter somehow has a defect yet the obtained values were still followed the expected reaction since from the pH values presented we can still observe the relevance of the Le Chateliers Principle in understanding why the changes happened relevant to our results. Of course, the Henderson-Hassellbach equation also gave a big factor in our computation without the knowledge about this, it is very hard for us to compute and even analyze the resulting pH of a given buffer. VI. ANSWER TO THE QUESTION

(0.1M)(0.1mL)=(?)(0.11mL) ?= 0.01/0.11 M=0.09 CH3COOHNa+

4. Can a buffer solution be prepared from a mixture of NaNo3 and HNO3? Explain. Technically, from the meaning of buffer it must a combination f weak

1. Show the equilibrium for the ionization of acetic acid and KH2PO4. *CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) -----> H3O+ (aq) + C2H3O2- (aq) * KH2PO4 -------> K+ + H2PO4VII. 2. Derive Henderson- Hesselbach Equation pH= pka + log [salt]/[acid]

base/acid

and

its

salt,

the

combination of NaNo3 and HNO3 is a strong acid and salt mixture thus it will not form a buffer solution.

CONCLUSION

Buffer can be said to be effective if it can maintain the pH of a

certain solution from its pH range such that the Phosphate buffer is very good buffer for maintaining

the pH of blood which is 7.4 since the maximum pH of the phosphate buffer is 8.4 based from its range thus, buffers like acetate buffer is good for

I hereby certify that I made substantial contribution to the report; __________________________ Aguilar, Princess Alen I. __________________________ Bumagat, Giane Carla C. __________________________ Luis, Ana Patricia V. __________________________

particular solution which has the maximum range of 5.74.

Moreover knowing the principle of buffers and the Hendersonhassellbach equation is very crucial for buffer preparation and for better understanding.

REFERENCES: http://www.ehow.com/howdoes_4912029_what-buffer-solutionsused.html http://www.chacha.com/question/what-isthe-ionization-equation-for-ch3cooh http://www.globalshiksha.com/questions/60 4916703210164/what-chemical-equationshowing-ionization-kh2po4-water-anion http://facultyfp.salisbury.edu/dfrieck/htdocs/ 212/rev/acidbase/Bronst.htm

Villanueva, Christian C.

Skoog, Douglas A.,et.al. Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition,2012