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Access path is path through which you can retrieve records. There are 6 types of access path is supported by SYNON. By default Synon creates 3 access path namely Physical, Update and Retrieve access paths. 1. PHY: Physical file: Arrival sequence access path defining the based-on file. For a given AllFusion 2E file there may only be one access path of type PHY - the path will automatically be created by AllFusion 2E. 2. UPD: Update: Access path used for update. Path is keyed on AllFusion 2E fields that identifythe file. For a given AllFusion 2E file there may be several different access paths of type UPD, each containing a different combination of fields. A default update path containing all fields will automatically be created by AllFusion 2E. 3. RTV: Retrieval: Access path used to retrieve records from file. The key order cannot be changed. For a given AllFusion 2E file there may be many access path of type RTV - a default path, keyed on the identifying fields for the file, will automatically be created by AllFusion 2E.Each RTV access path has an associated 'UPD' access path. 4. RSQ: Resequence: Access path used to retrieve records from file using an alternative key order. For a given AllFusion 2E file there may be many access paths of type 'RSQ'. 5. 'QRY' : Query: Access path used to retrieve records from file using an alternative key order which may include virtual fields. For a given AllFusion 2E file there may be many access paths of type 'QRY'. 6. SPN: Span: Access path used to span several different files using an alternative key order. For a given AllFusion 2E file there may be many access paths of type 'SPN'
Can you pass a parameter with type = (VRY) while calling EXCUSRSRC & why?
We cannot pass a parameter with VRY type when we call an EXCUSRSRC. Because USRSRC is a internal function, while compiling the PGM, it may give length mis-match error will come.
commitment control, send error message, copy the message back to the previous PGM message queue, reclaim the resource, closing the program, bypass key screen etc
How to use execute user source and to use parameters in this function?
Execute user source specifies user written high level language source code is to be included within source code generated by a calling function. If the external source is RPG, then it should be in QRPGSRC. If it is a COBOL program, it should be in QCBLSRC. The parameters should be 6 characters long. The first character to be #, followed by I [Input] / O [Output] / B [Both] that last four characters being user defined. Indicators should not be conflicting.
What is CUR and NXT contexts used in PRTFIL and PRTOBJ functions?
NXT: The NXT context defines a context relative to the CUR context of AllFusion 2E report functions: the NXT context contains the fields which are in the report format one level break higher. (See section on the CUR context for an explanation of report formats.) It can therefore be used to specify that the result of An AllFusion 2E field function (SUM, MIN, MAX, etc) is to be placed onto an appropriate report total format. The NXT context may be used only for result fields. CUR: The CUR context contains all the fields which are in a given report format of A AllFusion 2E report function.
PRTFIL is an external function, which specifies a complete report. PRTOBJ is an internal function type, which specifies a segment of a report for inclusion with in another report function.
Print file function allows you to print all the records from a file. We can specify 13 levels of totalling. Maximum of 13 print objects [PRTOBJ] can be used within a print file. Control breaks are defaulted based on the number of keys specified
It is a type of function, using this we can send messages to Workstation using synon/2e. The message function has a. Send error message (using this we can pass a error message to the message queue)
b. Send information message (using this we can pass a information message to the message queue) c. Send completion message (when a job is completed this message will appear) d. Send status message (it gives information about the long running programs status to the message queue) e. Retrieve message (it retrieve a message from message file to the function, using this you can concat even 2 database fields) f. Execute message (Request message to be executed by the calling function)
Using Built in function, you can do all arithmetic operations, string manipulations and control operations like Commit and rollback. *ADD *SUB *COMMIT *COMPUTE (Using this we can do all arithmetic operations like add, sub, mult & div) CONCAT (It joins 2 string with the conditions (*none = no blanks, *one = leave one blank, *all = leave all blanks)) *CVTVAR (It just converts the value of one type to another type) *DATE DETAILS (It gives the date details like day of week, day of year, *month, leaf year etc) *DATE INCREMENT (Using this we can add quantity of a given date and find out new date) *DIV *DIV WITH REMAINDER (Remainder value will move to another value) *DURATION (It calculates duration between 2 dates) *ELAPSED TIME (It calculates time (HH, MM, SS, MS) between 2 given time) *EXIT PROGRAM (Leave) *MODULO (It gives only remainder value) *MOVE *MOVE ALL (Move value (even constant) to variable(s)) *MULT *QUIT (It is like a goto statement in RPG, it leaves from the entire action diagram) *ROLLBACK (The changes will not be reflected when you use *ROLLBACK) *RTVCND (It specifies that the name of a given condition is to be retrieved into a function field) *SER CURSOR (It is equal to cursor position keyword in SDA) *SUBSTRING (Using this we can take a part of string from the base variable) *TIME DETAILS (It is similar to date details Built in function) *TIME INCREMENT (Using this we can add a quantity to a given time)
Using this function, you can incorporate User written programs and subroutines into the Synon/2e generated applications. You can include these functions inside the action diagram or User written HLL. a. Execute internal Function b. Execute User Source c. Execute External Function d. Execute user program
What are the default functions created for REF and CPT file?
REF File: Create object, Change object, Delete object, Edit file and Select record CPT File: Create object, Change object and Delete object
How do you delete a access path which is referred by some other access path?
We cannot delete an access path which is referred by some other function/access path. If you want to delete, you have to remove the (REF) relations then delete.
Involutions specify whether the connection exists between the entity and itself. It is also called as self-reference.
Temporary lock when PGMR open the function/access path, that function will be locked temporally. b. Permanent lock if the Designer has Object Ownership authority, he can implement permanent lock
What are the Access Path auxiliaries for query Access path?
Access Path auxiliaries are the three different OS/400 objects used to implement a query access path. They are logical file, physical file and control language.
While generating QRY access path how many members being created.
For mapping it creates Physical file (PF), Logical file and it creates a QRY in CL program.
Using which access path you can define a virtual field as a key?
Using QRY access path we can add virtual field as key.
What are the access paths will allow changing the key order?
RSQ, QRY and SPN access path will allow changing the key order.
What are the sharing options available for Owned By relation and Explain?
*NONE and *ALL *NONE is specified for the "Sharing" parameter, then a separate entry will be added to the file for the field. *ALL is specified for the "Sharing" parameter, then no additional entry is created: the existing entry is shared. This
What type of Relations will have the Virtual Fields? How is qualified by implemented?
File to File Relations: Owned by, Includes, Refers to and Extended by relations. Qualified by is a key relation. It is used to qualify a file identifier by one or more variable factors. It is used to get the nearest, previous or next nearest record based on whether *NEXT or *PREV is specified. The field redirection should be done in the referring file. The *NEXT is implemented as SETLL and READ. The *PREVIOUS is implemented as SETGT and READP.
Field Relations is used to describe the key as well as non-key attributes of a file. Known by: define a key attribute of a file. Qualified by: define a key attribute for a file Has: define a non-key field for a file
Known by - It requires exact key match. Qualified by - doesn't require exact key match, it will return either a previous or next value Owned By - Implements the parent child relationship. The key field of the owning file becomes a primary key of the owned file. Refers to - the key field of the referring file become the non key attribute of the referred file.
There are 4 types of files are available. Data Base Files: 1. REF Reference file (Master file): The REF AllFusion 2E file type should be given to AllFusion 2E files that contain basic reference data that is used by the application. 2. CPT Capture file (Transaction file): The CPT file type should be given to AllFusion 2E files that contain transaction data that is regularly captured for use by the application. Non- Data Base Files: 3. STR Structure file: The STR file attribute should be given to files that define data structures for use by functions in the implemented system. 4. RCD Record file: The RCD file attribute should be given to files that define data structures for use by programs in the implemented system.
What is a DOMAIN?
The set of possible values an attribute can take is the 'domain' of the attribute.
Virtual fields are logically present in one file and physically present in another file. This is valid only for OWNED BY and REFERS TO relation types
FILE TO FILE FILE TO FIELD Defined as Known by - key Owned by - Key Qualified by - key Refers to - ATTR Includes - ATTR Extended by Has - ATTR Defined as: Declaration that the file exist and created implicitly by SYNON Known by: Specifies that the field is a key field. There can be more than one known by relation Owned by: Defines a parent and child relationship, Eg., Order header and order details (parent key will be copied to the child) Qualified by: This is a key relation used to qualify a file identifier by one or more variable factors. This is used to find out a close match (Eg., rate, discount, data, etc.). If no redirection is specified it is similar to KNOWN BY Refers to: Specifies a file refers to another file (Foreign key) Includes: A file is to include all the fields that have been declared in the structure file Extended by: Declares a file to be an extension of a file relation. It gives an association between one to one or one to none. Will work only if it is OWNED BY in the second file Has: Declares a field to be present in a file RELATION SEQUENCE AT THE TIME OR RESOLVING Defined as, Owned by, Qualified by, Extended by, Refers to, Has, Includes
Commitment control can be implemented by specifying our option in function options. There are three options available viz. 1. MASTER - By choosing this option the program will run under commitment control. This program will contain appropriate commit points which will be defined in the SYNON supplied program Y2BGCTL
2. SLAVE - The program will run under commitment control. No automatic start or commit points are included. Commit points can be added using commit built-in function 3. NONE - The program does not run under commitment control. Hence, there are no commit points. Note: Physical files running under commitment control must be journalized
What are function options close down program & reclaim resources?
Close down program: Specifies whether the last record indicator is to be set on when the program finished execution. If, 'Y' is specified, all files are closed and the program is shutdown. If blank, all files remain open and a subsequent call will be faster and perform a full program execution. In either case, all internal variables are initialised to blanks and zero on each call. Reclaim resources: The OS/400 command RCLRSC is to be invoked when the program completes execution. The command closed down any other program, files that have been called and/or opened by the program thereby reallocating their storage. Reclaim resources is valid only on external function. This does not support COBOL programs
Qualified by is a key relation. It is used to qualify a file identifier by one or more variable factors. It is used to get the nearest, previous or next nearest record based on whether *NEXT or *PREV is specified. The field redirection should be done in the referring file. The *NEXT is implemented as SETLL and READ. The *PREVIOUS is implemented as SETGT and READP.
Execute user program is a connection between a HLL user written program and SYNON function. Neither parameter is allowed. Parameter passing is normal
file
How to use execute user source and to use parameters in this function?
Execute user source specifies user written high level language source code is to be included within source code generated by a calling function. If the external source is RPG, then it should be in QRPGSRC. If it is a COBOL program, it should be in QCBLSRC. The parameters should be 6 characters long. The first character to be #, followed by I [Input] / O [Output] / B [Both] that last four characters being user defined. Indicators should not be conflicting.
Execute internal function allows you to specify a portion of your action diagram that can be used repeatedly. Implemented as a macro function internal source code in calling function. No access paths can be attached
An Execute External Function: * Allows you to specify a high level program using an action diagram. * Is implemented as a separate program * Has its own action diagram. * Can be attached to RTV/RQS/UPD access paths
What are the two types of indentation specifications for PRTF functions?
1. Relative 2. 2. Absolute
Name any two PRTFIL related contexts? What is the maximum number of PRTOBJ functions that can be added to one PRTFIL function?
13
Can a print object function be embedded within another print object function? (True/False)
True
What is the maximum number of Level heading formats and Level total formats that can be defined in a print file?
A maximum of 13 levels of heading & totaling can be defined in a print file. 2. Normally the number of level headings is equal to the number of fields of the key sequence of the access path on which the PRTFIL is based on.
How many report heading formats can be defined per print file? Of those, how many can be dropped?
Only one report heading format is defined in a print file. The report heading format cannot be dropped.
What are the access paths on which Print file can be based on?
Retrieval Access Path (RTV) Re-sequence Access Path (RSQ) Query Access Path (QRY)
PRTFIL is an external function, which specifies a complete report. PRTOBJ is an internal function type, which specifies a segment of a report for inclusion with in another report function.
What are Message Functions? What are the different types of message functions?
Means of defining messages of various types, specifying different message files for the message, specifying substitution variables and changing message identifiers. 1. Status Message function 2. Completion Message function 3. Error Message function 4. Execution Message function 5. Information Message function
Explain Context
Database Contexts - instances of same database field available in more than one file Device Contexts - instances of same device field available in more than one format Literal Contexts - instances of field available from
literals like condition etc. System Contexts - instances of fields available from various system values
Constructs are the basic building blocks of action diagrams. By combining different types of constructs we define the procedural logic of an action diagram. The combination constructs are: 1. Sequential 2. Conditional 3. Iterative
User points are places where we can insert logic into the action diagram to add processing that is specific to that function.
Give any 4 line commands that can be used in the action diagram panel?
ICF, IAF, II, IA, IB, CC, C, M, MM, I*F, F, IO, H, Z, S
Message functions define messages that have to appear at a workstation using SYNON/2E facilities. A Function field is a field whose value is not physically stored in a Database, but is derived from other fields or files. Eg. SUM, MAX, MIN etc.
User functions provide a means of incorporating user programs and subroutines into SYNON/2E generated applications.
File type is the description of how the file will be used. The various file types are Structure (STR), Reference (REF), and Capture (CPT).
Field usage is given when referring to a field with a relation. The several categories of usage are DB keys (CDE), DB attribute fields (ATR) and various function field usages.
Name the access paths created automatically for every REF or CPT file.
1. PHY Physical Access Path 2. UPD Update Access Path 3. RTV Retrieval Access Path
What are the Access Path auxiliaries for query Access path?
Access Path auxiliaries are the three different OS/400 objects used to implement a query access path. They are logical file, physical file and control language.
A virtual field is a field that is logically present but physically not present on an access path.
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is the process in data modelling of creating new entities by splitting a current entity into two separate entities.
Device design is a panel or report design associated with a function Assimilation is the process of retrieving existing externally described OS/400 file definitions to SYNON/2E design model An integrated development environment for AS/400s originally introduced in 1988 by Synon, Inc., Larkspur, CA (derived from and pronounced "sign on"). As the dominant tool for the AS/400 platform, it provided an upper and lower CASE environment that generated COBOL and RPG code. Founded in England in 1983 by Simon Williams, Synon also built the Obsydian product, an object-oriented PC-based environment that is used to develop C++ code for Windows clients and RPG code for AS/400 servers.
In 1998, Synon was acquired by Sterling Software, in turn purchased by Computer Associates in 2000. The Synon products were first re-branded as CA's COOL:2E and COOL:Plex technologies and later Advantage 2E for iSeries 400. In 2004, they became AllFusion 2E and AllFusion Plex.