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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This topic aims at controlling a wheelchair for handicaps by means of human voice. The speech recognition system is a useful way of implementation and is easy to use programmable speech recognition circuit. Programmable, in the sense that user can train the words (or vocal utterances) he needs the circuit to recognize. This board allows the user to experiment with many facets of speech recognition technology. It has 8-bit data out, which can be interfaced with any micro controller for further development. Some of interfacing applications which can be made are controlling home appliances, wheelchair movements, Speech Assisted technologies, Speech to text translation, and many more. The wheelchair is controlled by voice commands. This can be moved in forward and reverse direction using geared motors of 60RPM. Also this wheelchair is a type of robot which can take sharp turnings towards left and right directions. It uses PIC16F72 MCU as its controller. It uses 6V battery. 1.1 BASIC IDEA : In this topic, the controlling of a wheelchair by speech will be studied. Commands are spoken into a microphone, followed by an action by the wheelchair. Voice Controlled Wheelchair is a kind of a mobile robot whose motions can be controlled by the user by giving specific voice commands. The speech recognition software running on a PC is capable of identifying the 5 voice commands Run, Stop, Left, Right and Back issued by a particular user. After processing the speech, the necessary motion instructions are given to the mobile platform via a RF link.
CHAPTER 2
COMPONENT
2.1 MAIN COMPONENTS:
PIC 16f72 Microcontroller RF 434MHz Tx-Rx Electro-magnetic Relays Mike/ Microphone Geared motors Serial port- RS232
Figure 2.3.2: Regulator Implemented on a PCB We have used a L.E.D as an indicator that indicates the conversion of ac voltage into dc. When the transformation is done the L.E.D glows and it continues to do so till there is supply available for the circuit to work.
Each bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes). The lower locations of each bank are reserved for the Special Function Registers. Above the Special Function Registers are General Purpose Registers, implemented as static RAM. All implemented banks contain SFRs. Some high use SFRs from one bank may be mirrored in another bank, for code reduction and quicker access (e.g., the STATUS register is in Banks 0 - 3).
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2.7 MOTORS:
An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. DC motors drives the wheels of wheel chair.
Figure 2.7 : Working of DC motors The DC motor has a rotating ligature in the form of an electromagnet. A rotary switch called a commutator reverses the direction of the electric current twice every cycle, to flow through the armature so that the poles of the electromagnet push and pull against the permanent magnets on the outside of the motor. As the poles of the armature electromagnet pass the poles of the permanent magnets, the commutator reverses the polarity of the armature electromagnet. During that instant of switching polarity, inertia keeps the classical motor going in the proper direction.
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Figure 2.7.1 : torque in dc motor Department of Electronic & Communication Engineering K.B.N College of Engineering, Gulbarga
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2.8 MICROPHONE:
The speech of the user is received by a microphone.This is not a high quality microphone, and in general, the microphone should be a high quality device with noise filters built in. The speech recognition rate is directly related to the quality of the input. The recognition rate will be significantly lower or perhaps even unacceptable with a poor microphone. Therefore it is reason to believe that the performance of this system will increase with a microphone with higher quality.
Figure 2.13: Crystal oscillator Crystal oscillators are usually fixed frequency oscillators where stability and accuracy are the primary considerations. For example it is almost impossible to design a stable and accurate LC oscillator for the upper HF and higher frequencies without resorting to some sort of crystal oscillator.
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2.10. FEATURES:
Glass passivity High maximum operating temperature Low leakage current Excellent stability Available in ammo-pack.
2.10.1 DESCRIPTION: A two-terminal semiconductor (rectifying) device that exhibits a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic. The function of a diode is to allow current in one direction and to block current in the opposite direction. The terminals of a diode are called the anode and cathode. Rugged glass package, using a high temperature alloyed construction. This package is hermetically sealed and fatigues free as coefficients of expansion of all used parts are matched.
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CHAPTER 3
WORKING
3.1 WORKING:
The speech recognition system is a useful and easy to use programmable speech recognition circuit. Programmable, in the sense that user can train the words (or vocal utterances) he needs the circuit to recognize. This board allows the user to experiment with many facets of speech recognition technology. It has 8 bit data out which can be interfaced with any microcontroller for further development. Some of interfacing applications which can be made are controlling home appliances, robotics movements, Speech Assisted technologies, Speech to text translation, and many more. Robotics has been of interest to mankind for over hundred years. However our perception of robots has been influenced by the media and Hollywood. The vast majority of robots do have several qualities in common. First of all, almost all robots have a movable body. Some only have motorized wheels, and others have dozens of movable segments, typically made of metal or plastic. Like the bones in your body, the individual segments are connected together with joints. This robot is controlled by voice commands. This can be moved forward and reverse direction using geared motors of 60RPM. Also this robot can take sharp turnings towards left and right directions. It uses PIC16F72 MCU as its controller. It uses 12V battery., mainly useful for industrial applications, surveillance applications. This topic gives exact concept of controlling a robot by a voice instruction. The speech recognition system is easy to use programmable speech recognition circuit. Programmable, in the sense that the system to be trained the words (or vocal utterances) user wants the circuit to recognize. This board allows us to experiment with many facets of speech recognition technology. It has 8 bit data out which can be interfaced with any microcontroller. Some of interfacing applications which can be made
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The second switch connects the second terminal of the DC motor to the low voltage bus. The third switch is connected between the high voltage bus and the second terminal of the DC motor. The fourth and final switch links the first terminal of the DC motor to the low voltage bus. When the first and second switches are closed (and the third and fourth are open) a positive voltage will be applied across the motor between the first and second terminals. By opening the first and second switches and closing the third and fourth switches, this voltage is reversed, allowing reverse operation of the motor. Figure 3.9 shows the circuitdiagram of an H-bridge operating a dc motor.
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O S C 1 /C L K IN O S C 2 /C L K O U T R C 0 /T 1 O S O /T 1 C K I M C L R /V P P R C 1 /T 1 O S I R C 2 /C C P 1 VD D R C 3 /S C K /S C L R C 4 /S D I/S D A R C 5 /S D O R C 6 R C 7
5V
R 1 4 .7 K
PIC16F72 RF Receiver
Motor2
Figure 4.4 Circuit diagrams of micro controller and motor driver. The working of voice-operated wheelchair can be explained in the following stepsStep 1- The very first step requires installing the software used for voice recognition i.e. VB 6.0 along with the additional Microsoft direct text-speech tool on a computer. Step 2- After installing the software we check the working of our software part by speaking through mike, if the front end of VB recognizes the command then it shows a message box in which the spoken command is written. Step 3- Once the speech recognition part is installed and checked then comes the connecting of RF transmitter to the serial port of PC using MAX232 and a 9V battery is also connected to the transmitter for running it. The transmitter receives serial data from the PC and transmits it. Step 4- Now we connect the 9V batteries to RF receiver, two H-bridge circuits and the voltage regulator. Now our hardware is ready to receive command and move according to the user.
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As the above table describes the various movements of wheelchair due to the high and low values set by the microcontroller to the o/p pins of port C i.e pin number from 11-14 (C0, C1, C2, C3). The pin C0 and C1 of port C are connected to the H-bridge which operates motor1 while pin C2 and C3 are connected to the other H-bridge which controls movement of motor2. Thus the two motors move according to the data on o/p pins of port C and our wheelchair moves in the required direction.
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CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
The goal of this topic to develop a speech controlled wheelchair application for the handicapped and physically paralyzed patients. The goals were fulfilled with quite good results. In this case Visual Basic was used, a programming language that is easy to learn and use but yet powerful enough to make wheelchair control systems. With fairly limited code it is possible to reach high wheelchair control performance. The bottleneck of the performance lies on the speech recognition part of the system. For users with a strong accent the performance will not be very high. For people with a good accent, and even for native speakers, it takes a while to learn how to speak to achieve good results. When this is learned, the speech recognition performance will be quite high, although not perfect. The performance can be increased by training the system to a specific voice and defining a strict grammar were the developer also have in mind what words can be confused. But the security of the system can be increased, for instance by implementing a confirm mechanism. Still much of the performance results depend on the speech recognition programming, which hopefully will improve further.
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REFERENCES
1. Electronic Devices - Robert L. Boylstead and Louis Nashelsky - Pearson Education Publication - 8th Edition 2. http://www.electronics4u.com/ 3. http://www.projectsabtracts.com/ 4. http://www.techtriks.wordpress.com/ 5. http://www.ideaprojects.com/ 6. http://www.datasheetcatalogue.com 7. http://www.alldatasheets.com
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