Name: Dyana Lidyahari W NIM : 105070203131003 Class : PSIK-K3LN SECTION I.

BASIC HUMAN NEEDS AND PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH

1-6. CATEGORIES OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS Physical Needs. These are closely related to body functions and are sometimes referred to as primary or physiological drives. Physical needs include: Food. Water. Oxygen. Elimination. Clothing and shelter for body warmth and protection. Activity, or sensory and motor stimulation, including sex, physical exercise, and rest.

Emotional Needs. Emotional needs are closely interwoven with physical needs and are met in interaction with significant others. They include: Love, including approval and esteem. Importance, including recognition and respect. NOTE: This applies to the patient's perception of the nurse's feelings toward him. For example, if your patient feels that you do not approve of or respect him, he may become very demanding, or he may withdraw and not cooperate with your efforts to make him healthy again. Adequacy, including self-sufficiency and the need to be needed and wanted. Productivity, including work and creative pursuits.

NOTE: Remember that all human behavior is aimed toward the satisfaction of basic human needs. Social Needs. Social needs grow out of the culture and society of which one is a member. They include: Identification or belonging. Education or learning. Recreation or play. Religion or worship.

1-7. MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Name: Dyana Lidyahari W NIM : 105070203131003 Class : PSIK-K3LN

Psychologist Abraham Maslow defined basic human needs as a hierarchy, a progression from simple physical needs to more complex emotional needs (see figure 1-2). Types of Needs. Physiological--food, shelter, water, sleep, oxygen. Safety--security, stability, order, physical safety. Love and belonging--affection, identification, companionship. Esteem and recognition--self-esteem, self-respect, prestige, success, esteem of others. Self-actualization--self-fulfillment, achieving one's own capabilities. Aesthetic--beauty, harmony, spiritual.

Relationship Between Levels of Needs. 1. According to Maslow, the basic physiological needs related to survival (food, water, etc.) must be met first of all. 2. These basic physiological needs have a greater priority over those higher on the pyramid. They must be met before the person can move on to higher level needs. In other words, a person who is starving will not be concentrating on building his self-esteem. A patient in severe pain will not be concerned with improving his interpersonal relationships. 3. Generally speaking, each lower level must be achieved before the next higher level(s) can be focused upon.

Name: Dyana Lidyahari W NIM : 105070203131003 Class : PSIK-K3LN

Figure 1-2. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. 1-8. COMPARISON OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS AND MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS The categories of Maslow's hierarchy are closely related to the basic human needs discussed in paragraph 1-6. Table 1-1 contains a comparison. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Basic Human Needs

Name: Dyana Lidyahari W NIM : 105070203131003 Class : PSIK-K3LN

Table 1-1. Comparison of basic human needs and Maslows hierarchy of needs. Physical needs are roughly equivalent to Maslow's physiological and safety needs. Emotional needs are roughly equivalent to Maslow's love and belonging and esteem and recognition needs. Social needs are roughly equivalent to Maslow's self-actualization and aesthetic needs.

1-9. CLOSING Remember that human needs are not constant; they are fluid and changing with first one, then another, taking priority. What may start as a basic need for food can take on social and personal significance. Your care plan as well as your patience are aimed toward the satisfaction of the patient's needs. He has common needs because he is a person; he has individual needs because he is unique; he has special needs because he is sick. The Practical Nurse supplies the help that is required to meet the patient's needs during the stressful periods of hospitalization and recuperation.

Taken from: http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/Nursing_Fundamentals_1/lesson_1_Section_1A .htm