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LOOSE SUPPORT
This is most commonly used support meant for supporting only the pipe weight vertically. It allows pipe to move in axial as well as transverse direction but restricts only the vertical downward movement.
LONGITUDINAL GUIDE
This type of support is used to restrict the movement of pipe in transverse direction i.e. perpendicular to length of pipe but allow movement in longitudinal direction. This is also a commonly used type of support. Generally it is used along with Loose support.
TRANSVERSE GUIDE
This type of support is used to restrict the movement of pipe in Longitudinal (axial ) direction but allows the pipe to move in transverse direction. This is also referred as 'AXIAL STOP'. This type is less used as compared to above two types. Generally it is used along with Loose support.
LIMIT STOP
As name itself indicates it allows pipe movement freely up to a certain limit and restricts any further movement. This is useful when total stops causes excessive loading on piping and support or nozzle. This type of support should be used selectively, because of stringent and complicated requirements of design, erection and operation.
SPECIAL SUPPORTS
When we need a pipe support whose construction or functional details are different from the available details, then a special support detail sketch is prepared. The functions of this support can be any combination of above functions.
Simple Guide Simple Axial Stop Rest and Guide Rest and Axial Stop Guide and Axial Stop
Three way restraint, that is, Rest, Guide and an Axial Stop
SPRINGS
SWAY STRUTS
HYDRAULIC SHOCK AND SWAY SUPPRESSOR
SHOES CLAMP Recommended for suspension of hot insulated lines.
VARIABLE SPRINGS
Meant to absorb vertical displacement of pipes caused by thermal expansion
HANGING SPRINGS
COMBINATION OF SPRINGS
CONSTANT SPRINGS
Used to support pipes and equipment subjected to vertical movement due to thermal expansion at locations where transfer of stress to other supports or equipment can be critical.
Used where variability of a variable spring exceeds 25%. The MSS(SP58) standard provides for a tolerance of 6% in the constant load through the travel range. CARRY THE SAME LOAD ALONG THEIR TRAVEL.
SWAY STRUTS
SELECTION CRITERION
Used to restrain movement of piping in one direction while providing for movement due to thermal expansion or contraction in another direction. FEATURES
Effective under either tensile or compressive force. Can be installed in any spatial orientation. SWAY STRUT IN VERTICAL ORIENTATION
COMBINATION OF STRUTS
HYDRAULIC SNUBBER
Summary Supports are needed to limit stress and sag in the pipe to acceptable limits. Dead load, live load, wind, seismic and hydro test loads need to be considered while designing supports. Rest, guide and axial supports are the three basic schemes of supporting. A combination of any two or all three may be used for supporting. High temperature, high pressure and associated phenomena make the steam system supporting critical.
Different type of supports are available under different types of loading conditions.