Code: 9A01602

III B. Tech II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING - I (Civil Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Discuss the major soil deposits available in India. (b) The following data are available in connection with the construction of an embankment. Soil from borrow pit: = 17.5 kN/m3 and w = 12%. Soil after compaction: = 20.0 kN/m3 and w = 18%. Hence for every 100 m3 of compacted soil of the embankment, estimate the quantity of soil to be excavated from the borrow pit and the amount of water to be added. (a) How will you determine the water content of a soil sample by oven drying method? (b) Explain the term plastic limit of a soil sample. How will you determine the plastic limit in the laboratory? (a) Differentiate between seepage velocity and discharge velocity. Derive the relation between them. (b) Discuss the factors affecting permeability of soils. (c) A constant head permeability test has been run on a sand sample 25 cm length and 30 sq. cm in area under a head of 40 cm. The discharge was found to be 200 cc in 116 sec. The specific gravity of grains 2.65 the dry weight of sand is 1320 gms. Determine: (i) Coefficient of permeability (ii) Seepage velocity (iii) Discharge velocity. (a) What is a quick sand condition and what are the remedial measures adopted to avoid such a condition. (b) A 10 m layer of stiff saturated clay is underlain by a 3 m layer of sand under a hydraulic head of 6 m. Calculate the maximum depth of cut that can be made in the clay, given the unit weights of clay and sand as 19.25 kN/m3 and 18.40 kN/m3, respectively. (a) Derive an expression for the vertical stress at a point due to point load using Boussinesqs theory. (b) A footing 4 m 4 m is constructed on the ground surface. It is uniformly loaded and the intensity of loading is 100 kN/m2. Determine the vertical stress under the centre of the building at a depth of 2 m and 4 m. Contd. in Page 2 Page 1 of 2

Code: 9A01602 6

(a) Write a detailed note on Proctors needle. (b) How to compact the soil in the field? Bring out the various types of rollers and their effectiveness with respect to different soil types. (a) How do you find whether the clay is under consolidated, normally consolidated or pre compressed? Describe the method of determining the pre-consolidation pressure of clay. (b) A 2.5 cm thick saturated undisturbed clay was tested in the laboratory with both ends drained. The sample reached 50% consolidation in 1 hour. For the same condition of drainage determine the time required for a 4 m thick layer of same clay in the field to reach the same degree of consolidation. What would be the time required if there is single drainage? Assume uniform distribution of consolidation pressure. (a) What is Mohrs circle and Mohrs strength envelop? Explain with sketches. (b) Derive the equation relating Skemptons pore pressure parameters with the increments of pore pressure, major and minor principal stresses. *****

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Code: 9A01602

III B. Tech II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING - I (Civil Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) For a uniformly graded sandy soil with soil grains are in spherical shape determine the maximum void ratio and porosity of the soil. (b) An airport runway fill needs 6,00,000 m2 of soil compacted to a void ratio of 0.75. There are two borrow pits A and B from where the required soil can be taken and transported to the site. Borrow pit In-situ void ratio Transportation cost A 0.80 Rs. 10/m3 B 1.70 Rs. 5/m3 Which of the two borrow pits would be more economical? (a) Describe how you classify gravelly soils as per Indian Standards? (b) A saturated soil a volume of 9.6 cm3 and weight of 17.46 g. After complete drying it has a volume of 5.22 cm3 and weight of 11.58 g. Determine the S.L. (a) Define the permeability of soils. Mention the Hazen-Poiseuilles equation for permeability and discuss the factors affecting permeability. (b) If k1, k2, k3 are the permeabilitys of layers h1, h2, h3 thick, what is its equivalent permeability in the horizontal and vertical directions. Derive the formulae used. (a) Explain the properties and uses of flow net. (b) Explain with neat sketch the concept of quick sand phenomena. (a) Derive the expression for vertical stress at any depth under the centre of a uniformly loaded circular area (b) A concentrated load of 40 kN is applied vertically on a horizontally round surface. Determine the vertical stress intensities at the following points. (i) At a depth 2 m below the point of application of load. (ii) A depth of 3 m and at a radial distance of 1 m from the line of action of the load. Contd. in Page 2

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Code: 9A01602 6

(a) Define optimum moisture content of a soil and state on what factors it depends. Discuss. (b) Draw typical compaction curves for: (i) Well graded gravel with fines. (ii) Well graded sandy clay. (iii) Silty clay and (iv) Highly plastic clay. (a) Differentiate between: (i) Floating and fixed ring consolidometer. (ii) Primary and secondary compression. (b) A saturated clay layer is 10 m thick underlain by an impervious stratum. The natural water content of clay is 40% and its liquid is 48% what will be the consolidation settlement of clay if the foundation load increases the vertical pressure by 50% of its initial overburden pressure. The clay is normally consolidated and the specific gravity of clay is 2.70. (a) Explain how Skemptons pore pressure parameters are determined for a partially saturated soil in a triaxial compression test. (b) A cylinder of soil fails under an axial vertical stress of 200 kPa when it is laterally unconfined. The failure plane makes an angle of 490 with the horizontal. Find the values of cohesion and angle of internal friction: (i) analytically and (ii) by drawing Mohrs circle.

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Code: 9A01602

III B. Tech II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING - I (Civil Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Describe briefly the origins of soils and bring out the factors which control their formation. (b) A sample of sand above the water table was found to have a natural water content of 15% and a unit weight of 18.84 kN/m3. Laboratory tests on a dried sample indicated values of emin = 0.50 and emax = 0.85 for the densest and loosest states respectively. Compute the degree of saturation and the relative density. Assume Gs = 2.7. 2 What are consistency limits? Explain briefly about these limits. State the significance of these limits and how these influence the behavior of fine grained soils. (a) Explain Darcys law. Explain with a neat sketch the laboratory method of determining the permeability of clays. Derive the expression if you use any. (b) Indicate the factors that affect the permeability of a given soil. (a) Derive the expression for critical hydraulic gradient and explain clearly the terms Seepage Pressure and Quick Sand Condition. (b) A 10 m deep excavation is required to be made in a clay stratum 15 m thick lying over a thick stratum of sand. If the water table is found to be 3 m below ground level find out the depth of water that will be necessary to prevent boiling. Saturated unit weight of clay may be taken as 21 kN/m3. (a) Derive the expression for vertical pressure under strip load. (b) The uniform intensity of loading 100 kN/m2 acting at the foundation level of a building of 10 m in width and very great extent in length. Using Newmarks chart, find the vertical stress at the depth of 1 m under the centre line and the edge of the building. Check your answers by analytical solution. (a) Describe the proctor compaction test and give its uses for the construction of earth embankments. (b) List out the various factors that influence the compaction of soils, show their influence with illustrative sketches of compaction curves. (a) Obtain the differential equation defining the one-dimensional consolidation as given by Terzaghi. (b) In a consolidation test, the following results have been obtained. When the load was changed from 50 kN/m2 to 100 kN/m2, the void ratio changed from 0.70 to 0.65. Determine the coefficient of volume decrease, and the compression index. (a) Explain the following: (i) Vane shear test. (ii) Skemptons pore pressure coefficient (b) A soil specimen having c = 86 kN/m2 and = 300 is tested in a triaxial apparatus. Estimate: (i) The deviator stress at which the sample will fail when the cell pressure is 60 kN/m2. (ii) The cell pressure if the soil sample fails at a major principal stress of 900 kN/m2 *****

Code: 9A01602

III B. Tech II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING - I (Civil Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Differentiate between: (i) Percentage air voids and air content. (ii) Void ratio and porosity. (iii) Specific gravity of solids and mass specific gravity. (iv) Submerged density and saturated density. (b) For constructing an embankment, the soil is transported from a borrow area using a truck which can carry 6 m3 of soil at a time. With the following details, determine the number of truck loads of soil required to obtain 100 m3 of compacted earth fill and the volume of the borrow pit. Property Borrow are Truck Field (in-situ) (Loose) (Compacted) 3 3 Bulk unit weight 16.6 kN/m 11.5 kN/m 18.2 kN/m3 Water content 8% 6% 14% 2 (a) Draw the particle distribution curves for different soils and discuss them in detail. (b) Sieve analysis was conducted on a sample of coarse grained soil and the following results were obtained: Gravel = 12%, Sand = 88%, D10 = 0.16 33, D30 = 0.64 mm, D60 = 1.22 mm. Classify the soil as per the IS classification. (a) Define Darcys law and discuss its limitations. (b) Derive an expression for equivalent horizontal permeability of a two layered soil system. (a) Derive an expression for seepage pressure. (b) A soil consists of stiff clay 12 m thick over a bed of sand. During the excavation of a trench for a foundation, ground water was observed at a depth of 4 m below ground surface. The specific gravity of clay is 2.75 and the void ratio is 0.8. If the excavation is to be carried safely to a depth of 9.5 m, how much should the water table to be lowered in the vicinity of the trench. Find also the depth of excavation that can be carried out without the danger of the bottom becoming unstable under the uplift pressure of ground water. Contd. in Page 2

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Code: 9A01602 5

(a) Explain the two approximate methods used for determining the increase in vertical stress and state their limitations if any. (b) A load of 1000 kN acts as a point load at the surface of a soil mass. Estimate the stress at a point 3 m below and 4 m away from the point of action of the load by Boussinesqs formula. Compare the value with the result from westergaards theory. (a) What are the various factors that affect the compaction of soil in the field? How will you measure compaction in the field? Describe a method with its limitations. (b) Derive an expression for zero air voids line and draw the line for a specific gravity of 2.65 with suitable data. (a) How coefficient of consolidation is determined using Taylors square root of time fitting method? (b) The thickness of a saturated specimen of clay under a consolidation pressure of 2 kg/cm2 is 20.70 mm and its water content is 16%. On increase of the consolidation pressure to 4 kg/cm2 the specimen thickness decreases by 1.04 mm. Determine the compression index for the soil. The specific gravity of soil particles is 2.72. (a) Explain any three methods for estimating shear strength of soil in the laboratory. Discuss the relative merits and demerits of each type. (b) The following data are obtained from a triaxial test: Sample No. 3 (kPa) (1 - 3) (kPa) u (kPa) 1 20 65 5 2 40 150 15 The stresses are at failure condition. Determine the effective shear parameters of the soil.

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