Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 30

ManualonSimple AssessmentofChemical HazardoustoHealth

[Oleh: Jawatankuasa Penggubalan Bagi Manual

Penaksiran Ringkas Risiko Bahan Kimia Berbahaya Kepada Kesihatan ]


JKKP,MOHR [LastUpdated29Okt2010]

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

CONTENT
PART 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 1.2 Legal Requirement Chemical Hazardous to Health Detailed Assessment Vs Simple Assessment Why Control Chemicals Hazardous To Health? Who Can Conduct A Simple Assessment?

1.3
1.4 1.5

PART 2: SCOPE AND APPLICATION


2.1 2.2 Chemicals Hazardous To Health Covered By This Kit Routes Of Entry 2.2.1 2.2.2 Inhalation Skin Absorption

PART 3: CONCEPTS
3.1 Hazard Classes and Groups 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2 Pesticide Other Chemicals Hazard Group Consideration For Mixtures

Factors Which Affect Exposure 3.2.1 3.2.2 Scale Of Use Ability To Become Airborne 3.2.2.1 Solids 3.2.2.2 Liquids Frequency And Duration Of Exposure

3.2.3 3.3 3.4 3.5

Control Approaches to Reduce Exposure Control Guidance Sheets Workforce Involvement

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

PART 4: CRACKit STEPS


4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Step 1- Gather Information Step 2 - Determining Hazard Group Step 3 - Determining Dustiness and Volatility Step 4 - Deciding the Scale of Use Step 5 - Selection of Control Approach Step 6 - Finding the Task Specific Control Guidance Sheet(S) Step 7 - Assess Other Chemicals and Tasks Step 8 - Develop And Implement Action Plan Step 9 - Review Assessment

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

PART 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1

Legal Requirement As stipulated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA), it is one of the primary

duties of an employer to protect their employees from the adverse effects of chemicals. To perform this duty, an assessment of all chemicals used in the workplace must be carried out in order to identify, evaluate and control any health risk associated with work activities involving the use of chemicals. Under Part IV of the Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standard of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 20XX, hereinafter referred to as USECHH Regulations 20XX, the duty to perform an assessment of health risks arising from the use of chemicals hazardous to health at the place of work is mandatory whereby employers are not permitted to use any chemicals hazardous to health unless an assessment has been conducted. However, the employer may choose to conduct a simple assessment instead of the full assessment if he meets the criteria specified under sub regulation 10(3) of the USECHH Regulations 20XX. This Chemical Risk Assessment and Control Kit (CRACKit) has been developed to help an employer to carry out a simple assessment of the health risk arising from the use of chemicals hazardous to health at the workplace and to meet their duties under USECHH Regulations 20XX. 1.2 Chemical Hazardous to Health

Chemical hazardous to health is defined under the USECHH Regulations 20XX as:

(a) (b)

Listed in Schedule I, II or III of the USECHH Regulations 20XX; Classified in any hazard class specified in Part B of the First Schedule of the Occupational Safety and Health (Chemical Classification, Labeling and Safety Data Sheet) Regulations 20XX;

(c) (d)

A pesticide as defined under the Pesticides Act 1974; and A scheduled waste listed in the First Schedule to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005.

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

Part B of the First Schedule of the Occupational Safety and Health (Chemical Classification, Labeling and Safety Data Sheet) Regulations 20XX are those chemical posing hazard to health. These chemicals are classified into various health hazard classes with hazard statement or H-code in the H300 series. This also includes chemical that have been classified under Part B of CPL Regulations with risk phrases ranging from R20 to R59 (excluding R50 - R59). However those chemical with risk phrases R6x. under EU Directive 67/548/EEC (Directive on Dangerous Substances) also considered as chemicals hazardous to health.

1.3

Full Assessment vs Simple Assessment There are basically two approaches to conduct assessment, any one of which may be applied

depending on the hazard class of the chemical, chemical use situation and the complexity of the work process. These approaches are: a) Full assessment (CHRA); and b) Simple assessment.

a)

Full Assessment Full assessment should be conducted for each and every workplace where chemicals

hazardous to health are used. It should be conducted by a registered chemical risk assessor appointed by the employer for each and every workplace where chemicals hazardous to health are used. Generic assessment is a full assessment done at representative locations which maybe applied to all other locations in which the work activities are similar, with comparable levels of risk, and similar control measures.

b)

Simple Assessment

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

A simple assessment involves a process of grouping workplace risks into control bands based on combination of hazard and exposure information. A simple assessment may be conducted, instead of the full assessment, if all chemicals hazardous to health used in a particular work unit that meet criteria of subregulation 10(3) of USECHH Regulations 20XX is:
i. ii. Listed in the chemical register; and Not classified as carcinogenicity category 1; mutagenicity category 1 or 2; or respiratory sensitization category 1. For purpose of conducting simple assessment the required information are R-phrases or Hazard classification (GHS), physical form, boiling point and operating temperature of chemicals (where applicable), quantity used and total duration of exposure to the chemicals. The flow chart for assessment of risk to health is shown in the Figure 1.0 below and the procedure to conduct a simple assessment is described in the CRACKit manual. For purpose of conducting simple assessment the required information are R-phrases or Hazard classification (GHS), physical form, boiling point and operating temperature of chemicals (where applicable), quantity used and total duration of exposure to the chemicals.

The flow chart for assessment of risk to health is shown in the Figure 1.0 below.

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

AssessmentofRisktoHealth

Identifychemicalusedinparticularwork area/processanditshazard

Meetcriteriain subregulation10(3)& requiredinformation available?

YES

Conductsimple Assessment

NO ConductChemical HealthRiskAssessment (CHRA) YES Developactionplan Control approach1,2 or3? NO Seekspecialist advice

Implementactionplan

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

1.3

Why Control Chemicals Hazardous to Health?

Chemicals hazardous to health used in the workplace can harm employees health if exposures arent properly controlled. If an employer fails to prevent exposure or to properly control any exposure that does occur, there are number of consequences: (a) (b) (c) (d) It adds to the unnecessary and preventable burden of ill health (see below); Business performance can be damaged through lost time for sick leave and through product waste; and There can be civil claims for damages; and It is an offence under USECHH Regulations 20xx.

Simple assessment can help an employer to control exposure and meet his legal duties. It addresses some of basic requirements of USECHH Regulations 20xx for some chemical hazardous to health in a simple and practical way. It also flags up other things that an employer need to tackle. It may be helpful to a safety and health professional, a safety and health officer, a safety and health committee member, a chemical supplier or a trade association.

Ill health caused by chemical hazardous to health at work


There are an estimated 18,000 occupational disease every year from 1999 to 2006, mostly related to exposure to chemical hazardous to health. These cases including lung disease, pesticides poisoning, cancer and mesothelioma and skin disease.

Category4

Category3

Category2 Series3 Category1 Series2 Series1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Source: Ministry of Health Malaysia

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

1.4

Who Can Conduct A Simple Assessment?

According to subregulation 13(2) of the USECHH Regulations 20xx, an employer may appoint a person to carry out a simple assessment. This person should have knowledge on:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

how to interpret Safety Data Sheets (SDS); process; basic principle of Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC); and basic requirement of OSHA, USECHH and relevant guidelines.

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

PART 2: SCOPE AND APPLICATION


2.1 Chemicals Hazardous to Health Covered by CRACKit

USECHH Regulations 20xx applies to a wide range of chemical hazardous to health. This kit applies to chemicals hazardous to health that are supplied for use at work. They are referred to here as chemicals. In practice, they are solids or liquids that an employer buys in for use, whether to run a woodworking shop, a print shop, motor vehicle repairs, an engineering workshop or a chemical firm. Typical examples include powder coatings, degreasing solvents and cleaning products, varnishes, ink and paints, and chemicals for making into other products. Chemicals will generally be covered by the Occupational Safety and Health (Chemical Classification, Labeling and Safety Data Sheet) Regulations 20XX or CLASS Regulations, and should come with a warning label and a safety data sheet. The kit does not generally apply to the following types of chemicals, though they are covered by USECHH Regulations 20xx:

(a) (b)

(c) (d) (e)

chemical classified as Carcinogenicity (Category 1), Mutagenicity (Category 1 or 2) or Respiratory Sensitization; process generated dusts and fumes (e.g. wood dusts, solder and welding fume) as these are not classified and are not listed in the chemical register, although many of the solutions described in CRACKit can successfully control these problems; organic dust, e.g. grain dust, cotton dust and paddy husk dust; and gases, e.g. hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, hydrogen, etc. scheduled waste is listed in the First Schedule to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005.

2.2 2.2.1

Routes Of Entry Inhalation

In industry, inhalation is the most significant route of entry. Inhalation involves breathing in of airborne dusts and fibers, gases, vapours, mists or fumes. As we breathe in, the airborne chemicals will enter the upper respiratory tract (nose, mouth and throat), the air passage ways (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles) and some of the chemicals will penetrate into the gas exchange area (alveoli). Very soluble chemicals pass through the lungs in minutes. Less soluble chemicals are trapped in the alveolar region, exhaled out, swallowed or expectorated. Very fine dusts that are trapped in the alveolar region can cause lung disease such as silicosis, asbestosis and lung cancer.

10

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

2.2.2

Skin Absorption

Absorption of chemicals through the skin is another important route of entry especially for chemicals that are lipid soluble such as pesticides. These chemical penetrated the intact skin and get into the blood stream. Other chemicals may enter the body through cuts or damaged skin. Different parts of the body have different skin structure and thickness and hence different resistance to chemical penetration. Some chemicals can cause damage to skin or skin disease (e.g. dermatitis, acne and eczema). Others pass through the blood stream and distributed and deposited in various organs or system causing various illnesses and disease such as leukemia, hepatitis and kidney failure. Since inhalation and skin absorption are the two most significant routes of entry of chemicals into the human body, they will be covered in this manual. Entry of chemicals through ingestion or through injection will not be covered by this manual.

11

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

PART 3: CONCEPTS
There are two main factors that affect whether the employees health is likely to be harmed, and these can help to identify adequate controls. The factors are:

(a) (b)

The type of damage the chemical causes and the amount needed to cause it; How much of the chemical is likely to get into the air around employees and be breathed in, or come into contact with their skin or eyes. This in turn depends in the amount being used, its dustiness or volatility and total duration of exposure.

CRACKit uses these factors to identify adequate controls.

3.1

Hazard Classes And Groups

Different chemicals can harm employees in different ways, and some are more poisonous or can cause more harm than others. For example, some chemicals will only cause minor irritation to the eyes or throat, whilst other chemicals can make it more difficult to breathe or can kill. Some effects will be obvious straight away, whilst other effects will take many years to appear. It is important that all these effects are controlled, but chemicals which can cause more serious effects will need a greater degree of control than less harmful chemicals.

3.1.1

Pesticide

For pesticides, control guidance sheet can be selected directly from Table 3.8 without going through the processes of determining the hazard group, ability to become airborne and scale of use.

3.1.2

Other chemicals

Chemicals are placed into four different groups, A to D to indicate the degree of hazard by inhalation. Group A is the least hazardous and group D is the most hazardous. An additional group, group S indicate if it is hazardous to get the chemicals on the skin or in the eyes. Table 3.1 and 3.2 presents the hazard group A-D and S based on the risk phrase (R-phrases) under CPL Regulations 1997 or EU Directive 67/548/EEC (Directive on Dangerous Substances) or hazard classification under CLASS Regulations 20xx. Refer to Appendix 1 for List of risk phrases (R-phrases) and hazard statements (Hcode).

12

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

One important way to reduce risk is by using a less hazardous chemical. Consider substituting the chemical used to a chemical in a less hazardous group. Table 3.1: Hazard Group A - D (chemicals causing harm when airborne) Hazard Group Group A R-phrases R36, R36/38, R38, . R65, R66, R67 . All R-phrases not otherwise listed (exclude R42, R45, R46, R49, R68) R20, R20/21, R20/21/22, R20/22, R21, R21/22, R22, .. R68/20, R68/21, R68/22, R68/20/21, R68/20/22, R68/21/22, R68/20/21/22, H- code
H303, H304, H305, H313, H315, H316, H318, H319, H320, H333, H336 and all H-numbers not otherwise listed (exclude H334,H340,H341,H350)

Group B

H302, H312, H332, H371

Group C

H301, H311, H314, H317, H318, H331, R23, R23/24, R23/24/25, R23/25, R24, H335, H370, H373 R24/25, R25, ... R34, R35, R37, ... R39/23, R39/24, R39/25, R39/23/24, R39/23/25, R39/24/25, R39/23/24/25, .. R41, R43, . R48/20, R48/20/21, R48/20/21/22, R48/20/22, R48/21, R48/21/22, R48/22, . R68/23, R68/24, R68/25, R68/23/24, R68/23/25, R68/24/25, R68/23/24/25

Group D

R26, R26/27, R26/27/28, R26/28, R27, R27/28, R28, . Carc cat 3 R40 or R40 (3), . R48/23, R48/23/24, R48/23/24/25, R48/23/25, R48/24, R48/24/25, R48/25, . R39/26/27/28, R39/26, R39/27, R39/28, R39/26/27, R39/26/28, R39/27/28, R60, R61, R62, R63, R64

H300, H310, H330, H351, H360, H361, H362, H372

13

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

Table 3.2: Hazard group S (chemicals causing harm in contact with skin and eyes) R-phrases R21, R20/21, R20/21/22, R21/22, .. R24, R23/24, R23/24/25, R24/25, .. R27, R27/28, R26/27/28, R26/27, . R34, R35, . R36, R36/37, R36/38, R36/37/38, R38, R37/38, . R39/21, R39/24, R39/27, . R40/21, R41, R43, R42/43, . R48/21, R48/20/21, R48/40/21/22, R48/21/22, R48/24, R48/23/24, R48/23/24/25, R48/23/25, R48/27, .. R66, R68/21, R68/24, R68/27 (any chemicals with sk notation as prescribed in Schedule I of USECHH Regulations 201x) H- code H310, H311, H312, H313, H314, H317, H318, H319

3.1.3

Hazard Group Consideration for Mixtures

If the task involved using a mixture made in the workplace, the hazard group can be determined based on the following considerations:

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

If any component is in Hazard Group S, then the mixture is Hazard Group S. If any component is in Hazard Group D 0.05% then the mixture is Hazard Group D. If any component is in Hazard Group C 0.5% then the mixture is Hazard Group C. If any component has a classification R43 then see subsidiary R43 rules (refer 4.5.3). If any component is in Hazard Group B 10% then the mixture is Hazard Group B. Otherwise the mixture is Hazard Group A.

14

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

3.2 3.2.1

Factors Which Affect Exposure Scale of use

The amount of chemicals used will determine the way chemical is handled and how much the employees are exposed to the chemicals. The amount of chemical use per operation or batch (or a day for a continuous process) can be described as small, medium or large. Use the information in the Table 3.3 to see if the use is small, medium or large. Table 3.3: Quantity of chemical in use. Quantity Weight Small Medium Large Grams Kilograms Tonnes Solid Typically received in Packets or bottles Kegs or drums Bulk Volume Millilitres Litres Cubic metres Liquid Typically received in Bottles Drums Bulk

3.2.2

Ability to become airborne

The physical form of a chemical affects how likely it is to get into the air. For solids, the physical property is its dustiness, and for liquids, it is volatility. The dustier or more volatile the chemicals, the more it is likely to become airborne. It may be possible to reduce the amount of chemical getting into the air by buying and using the chemical in a different form, for example, by:

(a) (b)
3.2.2.1 Solids

replacing fine powders with pellets or less dusty granules; Using liquids at a lower temperature

The dustiness of a solid is classified as low, medium or high. Table 3.4 describes the level of dustiness of chemicals being used.
Table 3.4: Level of dustiness Level Low Medium Descriptions Example

Pellet like solids that dont break up. Little PVC pellets, waxed dust is seen during use. flakes Crystalline, granular solids. When used, dust soap powder. is seen, but settles out quickly. Dust is left on surfaces after use.

15

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

High Fine, light powders. When used, dust clouds cement, carbon can be seen to form and remain in the air for black, chalk dust. several minutes.

3.2.2.2 Liquids Volatility describes a liquids ability to turn into a vapour, and therefore to get into the air. Some liquids, highly volatile ones, do this more readily than others, and so create the potential for greater exposures than chemicals with lower volatility. The degree of liquid volatility can be determined based on either the vapour pressure or the boiling point and process temperature. The information on vapour pressure and boiling point is normally found in the safety data sheet (SDS) for that chemical. To determine the degree of volatility based on vapour pressure, refer to Table 3.5a and Table 3.5b. Table 3.5a: Degree of Volatility based on vapour pressures Volatility band Low Medium High Vapour pressure Less than 500 Pa 500 to 25 000 Pa More than 25 000 Pa

Table 3.5b: Degree of volatility based on boiling point at 25oC For tasks carried out at room temperature 25oC, the volatility of a liquid is classified as low, medium or high as specified in Table 3.5b. Degree Descriptions Example
o

High

Boiling point below 50 C

Butadiene
o

Medium

Boiling point between 50 and 150 C

Acetaldehyde, acetone, chloroform, diethylamine Ethylene glycol, carbon tetrachloride, n-butyl acetate

Low

Boiling point above 150 C

16

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

For task carried out above room temperature, the chemicals boiling point and process temperature can be used to decide volatility from Graph in Figure 3.1. Read across from the boiling point, and up from the process temperature. The section in which two lines meet on the graph will tell the volatility. If it falls on a dividing line, the higher volatility is selected. If the task involves a range of process temperature, use the highest value.

Figure 3.1: Graph to select volatility of liquid

3.2.3

Frequency and duration of exposure

A third factor, duration of exposure, influences exposure potential. This assessment contains a filter for activity with a total time below 15 minutes per day. A more detail explanation is given in step 5.

17

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

3.3

Control Approaches To Reduce Exposure CRACKit recommends four groups of controls, called control approaches. The four approaches

are:

1 General Ventilation (see CGS 100) A good standard of general ventilation and good working practices. 2 Engineering Control (see CGS 200) Typically local exhaust ventilation ranging from a single point extract close to the source of hazards, to a ventilated partial enclosure. It includes other engineering methods of control, e.g. cooling coils for vapours, but not complete containment.

Least reduction in exposure . . . . . .

3 Containment (see CGS 300) The hazard is contained or enclose, but small-scale breaches of containment may be acceptable. Often used where a substance is very hazardous or a lot of it is likely to get into the air.

Greatest reduction in exposure

4 Special (see CGS 400)


Specialist advice is needed in selecting control measures and to seek further help. Note: Special help needed

CGS means Control Guidance Sheets Please refer to Appendix 2 for details on general ventilation, engineering control and containment.

Each control approach covers a range of actions that work together to reduce exposure:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Good plant and equipment design; Regular housekeeping and cleaning; Regular maintenance, examination and testing of equipment; Employee training and supervision; and

18

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

(e)

In some cases, using personal protective equipment (PPE).

Table 3.63.6 can be used to identify the control approaches using the information on the hazard group, scale of use and ability to become airborne.

Table 3.6: Control Approach Selection Low dustiness or volatility Medium volatility Hazard group A Small Medium Large 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hazard group B Small Medium Large 1 1 1 1 2 2 Hazard group C Small Medium Large 1 2 2 2 3 4 Hazard group D Small Medium Large 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 Medium dustiness High dustiness or volatility
Formatted Table

Amount used

19

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

3.3.1 Adjustment for frequency and duration of use (time-weighting)

A threshold of 15 minutes use per day is applied to adjust the control approach. A total duration of exposure of less than 15 minutes, will result in a drop of one level in the Control Approach. Example from control approach 3 (containment) drops to 2 (engineering control), or from 2 to 1 (general ventilation). The superficial reason for this assessment is task-based and precautionary. This adjustment does not apply for control approach 4.

3.3.2

Subsidiary R43 rules for mixtures

Where any component of the mixture has R43 0.1% but < 0.5%, grouping the mixture as Hazard Group C results in an over-precautionary Control Approach. The volatility or dustiness should relate to the major component of the mixture (Hazard Group A or B). The following matrix in Table 3.7 replaces Table 3.6 for chemicals in Hazard Groups A and B that contain 0.1% to less than 0.5% of an R43 component, provided that no other mixture component giving Hazard Group C or D. Table 3.7: R43 mixture rules
Low dustiness/ volatility Amount Small Medium Large Medium volatility Medium dustiness High dustiness/ volatility

Substance with >= 0.1% to <0.5% of a component with R43 and no other mixture component giving Hazard Group C or D CA1 CA1 CA2 CA2 CA2 CA3 CA1 CA2 CA3 CA2 CA2 CA3

Note: CA1, CA2 and CA3 are Control Approaches. The option for stipulating water as a mixture ingredient is not implemented (water, by default, is Hazard Group A). However for mixtures of solid in water, the volatility may be assumed as low rather than medium (e.g. boiling point >150C, not 100C).

3.4

Control Guidance Sheets

The control guidance sheets are arranged according to the control approach they cover. There are:

(a) (b)

General sheets on how to use each control approach; More detailed sheets that give examples of good practice controls for common tasks such as mixing, weighing and sieving; and

20

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

(c)

Additional sheets on avoiding skin and eye contact with chemicals, and on selecting and using personal protective equipment.

The control guidance sheet or sheets is selected based on the task or tasks description. If the task does not match with the task description in Table 3.8 and Table 3.9, the general principle control guidance sheet is selected for the relevant control approach. Table 3.8: List of control guidance sheet Control Approach 1 Task description Solid
Small
Medium

Liquid
Small
Medium

Large

Large

General ventilation General storage Open bulk storage Removing waste from a dust extraction unit Local exhaust ventilation Fume cupboard Laminar flow booth Ventilated workbench Removing waste from a dust extraction unit Conveyor transfer Sack filling Sack emptying Filling kegs Charging reactors and mixers from a sack or keg IBC filling and emptying Drum filling Drum emptying using a drum pump Weighing Mixing Sieving Screening Spray painting Powder coating Batch lamination Continuous lamination

100 101

100 101

100 101 102

100 101

100 101

100 101

103

103

103

Control Approach 2 200 201 202 203 204 204 205 206 208 209 210 210 211 212 213 201 201 218 214 215 218 219 220 222 222 223 224 223 224 221 216 201 201 217 217 204 205 207 203 200 200 200 201 202 200 200

21

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

Pickling bath Vapour degreasing bath Tray drying oven Continuous drying labyrinth oven Pelletising Tablet press Containment Glove box Removing waste from a dust extraction unit Transferring solids Sack emptying Drum filling Drum emptying IBC filling and emptying Tanker filling and emptying Filling kegs Transferring liquid by pump Packet filling Bottle filling Weighing Mixing Robotised spray booth Automated powder bath Vapour degreasing bath Spray dying General principles General advice Selection of personal protective equipment 400 S100 S101 322 Control Approach 4 400 S100 S101 400 S100 S101 400 S100 S101 400 S100 S101 400 S100 S101 Chemical causing harm via skin contact 322 301 301 315 317 320 315 317 320 321 321 322 321 322 301 313 313 301 301 301 314 316 318 319 314 316 318 319 311 307 309 213 312 312 230 231 Control Approach 3 300 301 204 204 303 304 305 306 308 310 305 302 303 300 230 228 225 227 228 229 229 226 227

300

300 301

300

300

22

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

Table 3.9: List of control guidance sheet for pesticide Control Guidance Sheets for Pesticides Use Task Description General principle - handling, storing, cleaning, disposing of pesticides Preparation of pesticides (weighing and diluting of chemical concentrates) Ready-for-use insecticide sprays and dust Eradicating vermin (e.g. rats) using poison baits Fogging and misting using space sprayers P P100 P101 P102 P103 P104

3.5

Workforce Involvement

Involvement of employees or safety and health committee member in the risk assessment is important. They are in a good position to know what happens in practice, and they are the ones who will need to use any controls introduced. This could be part of the training and information the employer must provide under USECHH Regulations 20xx.

23

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

PART 4: CRACKit STEPS


The flow chart to carry out for chemical hazardous to health are as shown in Figure 4.1 below.
GatherInformation

Identifychemical

Yes

Isit pesticides?

No

GetRPhasesorGHShazard classification

UseTable3.1andTable3.2 togetHazardGroup

UseTable3.3forscaleofuse

Liquid UseTable3.5a& 3.5bandFigure3.1 todecidevolatility

Solid UseTable3.4on levelofdustiness

UseTable3.6forselectionofcontrolapproach
UseTable3.9toselectcontrol guidancesheets(P100,P101,P102, P103,P104)

UseTable3.8forselectionoftaskspecificcontrol guidancesheet

Developandimplementactionplan

Reviewassessment

24

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

Figure 4.1: Flow chart to carry out assessment 4.1 4.1.1 Step 1- Gather Information The assessment begins with the gathering of the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Chemical register; Safety Data Sheet (SDS); Label; Information about the task where chemical is used Existing control measures such as general ventilation, local exhaust ventilation and etc; Other information such as layout plan, process flow, operating temperature of process and number of workers exposed to chemical.

Note: 1. The SDS should contain the following information; a) Risk phrases or hazard statements (usually given under Sections: Hazard Identification or Regulatory Information); b) The boiling point or vapour pressures for liquid. If the above information is not available contact the supplier. 2. If the safety data sheet is not available or outdated, get the current safety data sheet from the supplier. 4.1.2 4.1.3 Identify a work area/process using chemicals. Select a task to assess within the work area/process.

Note: It may be helpful to categorise the task as described by the specific control guidance sheets such as mixing, weighing, transfer, storage, separation, surface coating, lamination, dipping, drying, pelletising and etc. 4.1.4 Identify the chemical used.

4.1.5 Record the following in the assessment form (SA 2) provided in the manual. Use a separate form for each chemical assessed the: (a) (b) (c) (d) 4.1.6 date of assessment; work area/process, task involved; and name of the chemical assessed.

If the chemical used is pesticides go to Step 6.

25

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

4.2

Step 2 - Determining Hazard Group

4.2.1

Check the R-phrases or hazard statement/H-Code from safety data sheet against those in Table 3.1 to decide which hazard group (s) the chemical belongs to. R-phrases or hazard statement/H-Code are normally found in three sections of the safety data sheet Composition (which gives information on the separate ingredients), Hazard Identification and Regulatory Information (which gives information on the final product). Decide on the group from hazard group A to D, and be careful to match the risk phrases or hazard statement/H-Code exactly. Some risk phrases can appear alone or in combination with others. This is indicated by a / between the numbers, e.g. Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed (R21/22) means that both harmful in contact with skin (R21) and harmful if swallowed (R22) apply to the chemical. In addition, check group S (refer Table 3.2), to see if contact with skin and eyes is also a hazard. If the safety data sheet does not contain risk phrases or hazard statement/H-Code from Table 3.1 the chemical belongs to group A. If there are a number of risk phrases on the safety data sheet which appear in different hazard groups from A to D, always select the higher group. For example, for a chemical with R21/R22 (group B) and R60 (group D), select group D.

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

Some R-phrases start with the phrase Carc cat, Muta cat or Repr cat. It is important to note that a chemical marked Carc cat 3 R40 belongs in group D, and one marked Muta cat 3 R40 belongs in group E. If the risk phrases or hazard statement/H-Code on the safety data sheet and label could not be found, or the right hazard group could not be determined, contact the chemical supplier for information.

4.3

Step 3 - Deciding The Scale Of Use

Decide the amount of chemical used per operation or batch by using Table 3.3 and record on the form. If in doubt about the amount, opt for the larger quantity.

4.4 4.4.1

Step 4 - Determining Dustiness And Volatility Solid form For solid, use Table 3.4 to decide on the level of dustiness. If in doubt about the level of dustiness, opt for the dustier description.

26

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

4.4.2

Liquid form To work out the volatility of a liquid, its vapour pressure or boiling point needs to be found on the safety data sheet (SDS). This can normally be found in physical properties section of the (SDS). Where information on the substances vapour pressure or boiling point is given in a range of value, use the lowest value. If a preparation is made up of two or more substances with different boiling points, use the lowest value. For tasks carried out at room temperature, compare the boiling point against the ranges in Table 3.5 to decide on the degree of volatility and record in check sheet.

4.4.3

Other forms For paste, gel, slurry and etc their volatility should be considered if data on boiling point or vapour pressure is available.

4.5 4.5.1

Step 5 - Selection Of Control Approach Table 3.6 can be used to identify the control approaches based on the outcome from the previous steps. The control approach is found by first going to the hazard group to which the chemical has been allocated as in Step 2. Read across from the scale of use (Step 4) to the appropriate volatility/dustiness column as in Step 3. The number in the box identifies the control approach. Tick the appropriate control approach box on the assessment form SA 2 . If duration of exposure is less than 15 minutes, it will result in a drop of one level in the Control Approach. This adjustment does not apply for control approach 4. Tick the adjusted control approach in the SA 2 form.

4.5.2

4.6 4.6.1

Step 6 - Finding The Task Specific Control Guidance Sheet(S) From the control approaches decided in Step 5, use Table 3.8 to select specific control guidance sheet(s) that best describe the task(s) carried out. To select the specific control guidance sheet find the number(s) of the guidance sheets using the following information from assessment form: (a) (b) (c) The task; Whether the substance is a solid or a liquid; and How much is being used in the task or batch.

27

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

4.6.2 Write the control guidance sheet number(s) on assessment form and find the relevant sheet(s). If task carried out do not meet the task description, select general control guidance sheet for the control approach selected. If hazard group S is selected in step 2, extra action is needed to protect employees skin and eyes. This means that control guidance sheets, S100 and S101 should be selected, which give advice on protecting skin and eyes, and on selecting and using personal protective equipment (PPE). For pesticides use Table 3.9 to select appropriate control guidance sheet according to task description. Step 7 - Assess Other Chemicals and Tasks Repeat the assessment for other chemical within the same task using a new form SA 2 for each chemical: (a) (b) Determine CGS for every chemical; Then select CGS with the greatest reduction in exposure (refer paragraph 3.3) by taking into consideration its suitability and practicality. Summarise the task using the selected CGS in form SA 1;and Determine the necessity to conduct exposure monitoring (EM) and/or medical surveillance (MS) by referring to paragraph 4.8.7.

4.6.3

4.6.4

4.6.5

4.7 4.7.1

(c)

4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4

Repeat assessment for another task within the same work area/process. Repeat assessment for other work area/process. Develop action plan after completion all assessment.

4.8 4.8.1

Step 8 - Develop And Implement Action Plan Compare advice given in the control guidance sheet(s) with the current practices including existing control measures in place, procedures, etc. Look at the range of chemicals used and tasks performed, and decide how best to implement action across the board by taking into consideration suitability and practicality of the control approach selected. If in doubt, seek specialist advice. The advice may come from an expert such as a qualified occupational hygienist, chemical risk assessor and professional engineer involved in the design and installation of engineering control.

4.8.2

28

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

Note: Suitability means it is suitable for protecting the employees, taking into consideration the physical form and toxicity of the chemical, the nature of work, the routes of entry of the chemical and not prejudice to the health of the employees Practicality means practicable having regard to(a) the severity of the hazard or risk in question; (b) the state of knowledge about the hazard or risk and any way of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk; (c) the availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate the hazard or risk; and (d) the cost of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk;

4.8.3

Consider all aspects of the advice on the control guidance sheets as all the aspects work together to provide adequate control. For example a local exhaust ventilation may be the right control installed but it may not be effective in controlling exposure because it is not used, maintained or tested. If control approach 4 has been selected, seek further guidance or specialist advice on what to do. This is critical because there could be very serious health effects if exposure isnt properly controlled. If the S100 and S101 guidance sheets on protecting skin and eyes, and on selecting personal protective equipment have been chosen, link the advice to the control approach selected. These are not a replacement for but in addition to control approaches 1 to 4.

4.8.4

4.8.5

4.8.6 Take account of any safety or environment hazards (refer to hazard statement and advice on the safety data sheet), which may affect the required controls and their implementation. 4.8.7 Consider other actions required to fully comply with USECHH. For example: (a) Are there other chemical hazardous to health in the workplace covered by USECHH, but not included in this manual, which need assessing and control measures (see Part 2.1)? The necessity to conduct exposure monitoring: i. if there could be serious risks to health if control measures failed, deteriorated or not working properly; or exposure limits might be exceeded. to check for adequacy of control measures. The chemical hazardous to health listed under Schedule I of USECHH Regulations 20xx has been assigned with Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) to help define adequate control.

(b)

ii.

(c)

The necessity to carry out medical surveillance if: i. the results of exposure monitoring exceed PEL; or

29

Manual on Simple Assessment Chemical Hazardous To Health

2009

ii. the chemical is assigned with sk notation in Schedule I and the task is performed with a likelihood of skin contact or absorption; and the employee is exposed to chemicals listed in Schedule II.

iii. 4.8.8

The measures, procedures, and equipment necessary to control any accidental emission of chemical hazardous to health as a result of leakage, spillage, or process or equipment failure. Determine the appropriate control measures based on the overall assessment and above considerations and develop an action plan. Action plan should include action item, due date, action party and progress status.

4.8.9

4.8.10 Implement the control measures in consultation with employees, and check the effectiveness of the control measures. Take any other identified action in 4.8.7 to fully comply with USECHH Regulations.

4.9

Step 9 - Review Assessment

According to Regulation 12 of USECHH, the employer shall review the assessment if: (a) there has been a significant change in the work that could affect the outcome of the assessment; or new or improved control measures are implemented; or more than five years have elapsed since the last assessment; or directed by the Director General, Deputy Director General or the Director of Occupational Safety and Health.

(b) (c) (d)

30

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi