Niraj Patel English 1103 Annotated Bibliography Kitsantas, Anastasia.

"Studying Abroad: The Role Of College Students' Goalson The Development Of Cross-Cultural Skills And Global understanding." College Student Journal 38.3 (2004): 441-452. SPORTDiscus with Full Text. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This is a study that examines the impact that study abroad programs have on students cross-cultural skills and global understanding prior and after the completion of study abroad programs. In this study they used many tests to analyze both the cross-cultural effectiveness and global understanding. This study included 232 students enrolled in study abroad courses in England, Greece, France, and Spain in 2002. These students then were administered pretests before they took the courses such as a personal questionnaire, a Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory (CCAI), and a Study Abroad Goal Scale (SAGS). The CCAI tested factors in emotional resilience, flexibility/openness, perceptual acuity, and personal autonomy of the student while the SAGS included goals they wished to accomplish during the study abroad program (SAP). After the students finished the courses, a posttest was administered. The study concludes that study abroad programs do enhance students cross cultural skills and global understanding. Anastasia Kitsantas is an education researcher and this study is credible because it was found in the College Student Journal which is an academic journal. The study is very in depth and explains everything involved in the study. However this study fails to mention what exactly

qualifies for cross-cultural skills and also uses empirical results from tests that are hard to interpret. This study does give great feedback for the discussion of the results and explains the validity of the study. The only question this article leaves me with is how to interpret the empirical values for the variables in the study. This sources will be useful in my inquiry because it shows data that correlates with students becoming more culturally aware. My inquiry revolves around the impact of study abroad programs and this study shows a good example of students feedback from the time they spent there. I can use this information to show how study abroad programs can affect students understanding of the world. I can link this study to another study I found that shows that the longer a SAP is the more beneficial with a longer duration. Quotes:

Study abroad programs, defined as all educational programs that take place outside the geographical boundaries of the country of origin, have increasingly gained popularity and interest in the last few years

Several studies focusing on study abroad outcomes have provided evidence that study abroad programs enhance students' worldview.

The results of this study provide support for the hypothesis that study abroad programs enhance students' cross-cultural skills and global understanding. Specifically, the findings demonstrated that study abroad programs significantly contribute to the preparation of students to function in a multicultural world and promote international understanding.

Dwyer, Mary M., and Courtney K. Peters. "The benefits of study abroad." Transitions Abroad 37.5 (2004): 56-58. This article is a study that shows benefits of study abroad in various categories such as personal growth, intercultural development, education, and career attainment. This is a large scale survey comprised of 3400 International Education of Students (IES) study abroad programs from 1950 to 1999. The author wants to show the long term impact of study abroad programs. The first part is qualitative research that includes many quotes from actual students in these programs. The latter includes a chart that shows the percentage of the students (from Fall, Spring, Summer, or the entire year) who benefited in many survey items which included increased self-confidence and enhanced interest in academic studies. Dwyer is the president of International Education of Students, which lead to the notion that this article might be biased but I realized that this article is still credible because it served as an evaluation for IES. Dwyer uses real quotes from actual students that went on these trips and show the results from all the students. The author does a great job in describing the main benefits of study abroad but its only purpose is to persuade students to enroll in such programs. This article will be useful in my inquiry because it relates to a study that shows the benefits of study abroad in key aspects of life. I can use this information to show that study

abroad programs have a prolong effect on people years after the program. I also can link this article with a study that shows that the longer the duration the more benefits it has. Quotes:

"It will change your life. Youll come back a new person. For years, the benefits of study abroad have been described in these words

When asked about personal growth, 97 percent said studying abroad served as a catalyst for increased maturity, 96 percent reported increased self-confidence, 89 percent said that it enabled them to tolerate ambiguity, and 95 percent stated that it has had a lasting impact on their world view.

Study abroad educators often assert that one of the goals of study abroad is to train future global leaders to be more effective, respectful of other cultures and political and economic systems, and willing to take a stand for the worlds welfare, not just what benefits a specific country.

Ingraham, Edward C., and Debra L. Peterson. "Assessing the Impact of Study Abroad on Student Learning at Michigan State University." Frontiers: The interdisciplinary journal of study abroad 10 (2004): 83-100. This study shows the impact of student learning at Michigan State University. This study wants to assess the impact on mainly learning specifically intellectual growth, personal growth, intercultural awareness, and professional development. Much like other studies it involved surveys of the students involved before and after and the results of the comparison. It also mentions quotes from students involved in study abroad programs. The results of the study concluded that the students showed gains in those five categories. The authors wants to point out that study abroad is not failing in terms of student performance and the assessments show that. They want to point out that the students involved in these programs show positive results and that MSU should stand behind study abroad programs. This article is an in depth study by credible researchers at Michigan State University. The authors do a great job in explaining the research and why some results are the way they are. This study is a good assessment of students that were part of study abroad programs. They give great detail of the study and describe what different students said. This study left me with no questions as they did a great job in describing how study abroad affected the students.

I can use this study to show what real students have to say about study abroad programs. I can also show that performance of the student also is a benefit in study abroad programs. What this article makes me wonder is why students who enroll often raise their GPA the longer the SAP is. I can use this article to show that students performances does not hinder while enrolled in such programs and that many aspects of study abroad can help students out.

Having ten lectures in four days seemed overwhelmin g at first, but it went by real fast and hit all the important topics. The boring nightlife was a disappointment, since this is supposed to be a college town. The academic experience more than made up for it though. Nice to stimulate your brain with thoughts and ideas rather than killing it by downing pilsner.

The predominant verdict is that there is increased academic benefit as a result of studying abroad

Many students, especially those on programs in Latin America, gain insight about the different standards of living between the U. S. and the countries they visited.

Nault, Nate. " Why Should I Study Abroad - articles - SA - Find a Study Abroad Program with StudyAbroad.com ."Study Abroad - SA -. N.p.n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. http://www.studyabroad.com/articles/why-should-i-study-abroad.aspx This article is from a former study abroad student, Nate Nault, who wrote on why someone should participate in study abroad from his perspective. He describes what he went through when he was choosing to study abroad and how it might relate to other readers. Nault writes the article as if it was a part of a FAQ for study abroad. He leads into how one might start to explore study abroad programs and the benefits he received through the trip. He also shares anecdote on how he realized study abroad was the right decision for him. Convincingly he ends on a note that you could take advantage of a study abroa d opportunity . Nault does a great job relating his experience with someone who might be interested in study abroad. The article is from a study abroad website and only serves to convince people to study abroad. This article is believable because its from Naults perspective as a former study abroad student. Nault should have, however, described why he joined study abroad himself but instead he makes it clear why you should. This source is helpful in my inquiry because it describes many of the great reasons that study abroad has helped the author with. It gives a perspective on the thought process of someone who is considering study abroad. I can use his perspective in my paper and relate it with the studies that show similar results. Quotes:

Aside from gaining an understanding for cultures other than your own, you will also gain intangible skills (another great selling point for Mom and Dad). Independence, time management, organization, social skills and self-confidence, just to name a few, will all develop exponentially while youre abroad.

There will be a moment while abroad when youll realize that youve made the right decision:
Treasure that moment. Mine was on a beach in Spain during a one-week vacation in November. There I was, shirt and shoes off, staring into the 75 degree Mediterranean Sea thinking about how all my friends were in class, possibly bored out of their minds and probably freezing in the cold New England weather.

That moment will come when all the stress from the first few weeks of getting acclimated is finally
over, and its at that point that you will fully grasp what youre doing, the magnitude of your decision to go abroad and your new found drive to take advantage of every opportunity that lay ahead of you.

Dwyer, Mary M. "More Is Better: The Impact of Study Abroad Program Duration."Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad10 (2004): 151-163. This article is another study by the same researcher who showed the benefits of study abroad. In this study its starts out describing how long study abroad has been around and the percentage of students that took yearlong programs. The study collected 50 years worth of data and includes 3723 respondets. It describes that they got their data from International Education of Students. The results found that students who were studying abroad for a full year was more beneficial than going to fall/spring/summer semesters. Dwyer conducted this study to support peoples claim that longer the study abroad duration the more significant the impact on the student was. This study was found in an International Education journal and is an academic study. The author gives great detail in how the study was conducted and explains the results well. She describes the difference in the results full-year students and the select semester students. She remains non-bias in her conclusion where she explained in some categories summer session students (around 5-6 weeks long) actually showed sustainable benefit from studying abroad and gives detail in why that might be. Overall the study was very informative and results were described well. I could use this in my support for study abroad benefits and include that study abroad is beneficial the longer you are part of it. This study does a good job in describing that even short summer sessions show great improvement in various survey items. I could use this study to link with the MSU study that concludes that language acquisition is very much related to term length and that the impact is much greater for students who stay longer.

quotes: Full-year students may represent a self-selected group that has more interest in studying abroad to begin with, and the experience then serves to reinforce this commitment. Full-year students were more likely to achieve these gains, but the impact is impressive regardless of term length. In some categories of factors, summer students were as likely or more likely to achieve sustainable benefit from studying abroad in comparison with semester students