JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Academic Session 2012-2013

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that following students of VIII Semester, B.Tech. (Electronics & Communication
Engineering ) have worked on the study titled Green Energy Implementation in cpmpus and
submitted for partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering .
It is their own work and this study has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any
degree.

Mr. Yagvalkya Sharma

Mr. Sandeep Bairwa

(Supervisor)

(Coordinator, ECE Dept.)

Mr. Ashish Garg
(Lecturer, ECE Dept.)
Ms. Sheetal Sharma
(Lecturer, ECE Dept.)

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Candidates Declaration

I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the Seminar Report, entitled green
energy implantation in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Jaipur National
University is a record of my own investigations carried under the Guidance of Mr. Yagvalkya
Sharma (Lecturer), Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaipur National
University.

I have not submitted the matter presented in this Seminar Report anywhere for the award of any
other Degree.

Dushyant Sharma
Enrolment No.: JNU/jpr 2009/01712
Jaipur National University
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Counter Signed by
Name(s) of Supervisor(s)

.....................................

.....................................

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I acknowledge my gratitude and thank to all the well knowledge persons for giving me
opportunity to avail all the best facilities to study this topic through which I have gained
knowledge thinking so as too just in the environment suitable for harmonic adjustment. I am
grateful to the following persons for various help rendered by them during the study. Without
their thoughtfulness, the satisfactory completion of this study would not have been possible.
I am thankful to Mr. Shiv Kumar Gupta (principle) JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
(main campus) for providing me this opportunity to reach out to a wide spectrum of study. I
would also like to express my deep regards to Mr. Yagvalkya Sharma (lecturer) electronics &
communication department, JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, for their supervision and
guidance. I sincerely thank him for being my guide and for his guidance, valuable suggestions
and time which proved to be of immense importance to me. Also I would also like to express my
deep regards for Mr. Sandeep Bairwa (coordinator. ECE Dept.), without whom I would not
have been able to pursue this training. I am very much thankful for his involvement at every
stage of this training and extending maximum possible help. I would like to thanks Ms. Sheetal
Sharma and Mr. Ashish Garg (lectures, ECE Dept.) for their time to time guidance, advices
and helps.
I am also thankful to all the authors and writers for their valuable studies and literature which I
have used during the study. Finally I would like to convey my regards to my family and friends
for their kind support throughout study.
I hope that I will receive the same kind of guidance, valuable suggestions, motivation and
support from everyone I have mentioned above in future also.

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ABSTRACT
This project presents the design of an articulating panel for power conservation in an efficient
manner. The implementation of this project is based on achievement of maximum solar energy
used in domestic and industrial applications. The world economy is stunned because of the
uncontrollable increase in the fossil fuel price and its high pollution rate. These reasons led us to
do this project for the efficiency of this energy conservation system we implement a new method
which utilizes the most modern technology involving the tracking of the movement of the sun to
yield maximum output of solar energy which could be efficiently stored into various batteries
which could be utilized later on. The tracking improves the efficiency of the current system for
solar energy conversion by about 17% which is a significant value when compared to the 30%
efficiency of coal and 40% efficiency of fossil fuels. But in our atmospheric condition it is
difficult to get the full output of this kind of solar panel energy conservation.
India is a costal country so the atmospheric changes will occur a lot. As a result of such sudden
changes our output of panel varies. Solar cells are long lasting sources of energy which can be
used almost anywhere. They are particularly useful where there is no national grid and also
where there are no people such as remote site water pumping or in space. Solar cells provide cost
effective solutions to energy problems in places where there is no mains electricity. Solar cells
are also totally silent and non-polluting. As they have no moving parts they require little
maintenance and have a long lifetime. Compared to other renewable sources they also possess
many advantages; wind and water power rely on turbines which are noisy, expensive and liable
to breaking down. Solar energy is a renewable source of energy and will continue to produce
electricity as long as sun exists. Although solar energy can not be produce during night and
cloudy days but it can be used again and again during day time.

Keyword: Battery, Insolation, Inverter, Photovoltaic, MPPT, Solar Panel,

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List of Figures

1.

Fig 1.1 Basic block diagram

2.

Fig 1.2 Effect of Irradiance

3.

Fig 1.3 Effect of irradiance on I-V characteristics

4.

Fig 1.4 Effect of temperature on I-V characteristics

5.

Fig 1.5 System Block Diagram

6.

Fig 1.6 Stand alone inverters

13

7.

Fig 1.7 Grid tie inverters

15

8.

Fig 3.1 Concentrating solar power

35

3.

Fig 3.2 Solar Panels

41

4.

Fig 3.3 PV arrays

43

5.

Fig3.4 MPPT system

45

CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1: Introduction...........................................................................................................1
1.1 Purpose.........................................................................................................................1
1.2 Project Description.......................................................................................................3
1.3 Methodology................................................................................................................8
2. Chapter 2: Literature Review................................................................................................18
2.1 Evaluation of microcontroller based MPPT................................................................18
2.2 What is MPPT..............................................................................................................20
2.3 Solar tracking system..................................................................................................21
2.4 How inverters work.....................................................................................................24
2.5 Design and analysis of hybrid solar lighting................................................................26
2.6 Silicon solar cell turns 50............................................................................................28
2.7 An assessment of solar energy conversion technology..............................................31
2.8 Concentrating solar power in 2001.............................................................................32
3. Chapter 3: Technology Used..............................................................................................35
3.1 Solar Energy................................................................................................................35
3.2 Concentrating solar power.........................................................................................35
3.3 Solar cell.....................................................................................................................36
3.4 Solar panel..................................................................................................................40
3.5 Photovolatic systems..................................................................................................42
3.6 MPPT...........................................................................................................................44
4. Conclusion.........................................................................................................................48
5. Future Aspects...................................................................................................................49
6. Bibliography......................................................................................................................50
7. References.........................................................................................................................52
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