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1. A 230 KV transmission line has a series impedance of (4+j60) Ohms and a shunt admittance of j210-3 S. Using 100 MVA and the line voltage as base values, calculate per unit impedance and per unit admittance of the line. 2. A three-phase star-connected system is rated as 50MVA and 110kV. Express 40,000 kVA of three-phase apparent power as a per-unit value referred to (a) the three-phase system kVA as base, and (b) the per phase KVA as base. 3. A 5KVA 400/200 V, 50 Hz single-phase transformer has primary and secondary leakage reactance each of 2.5 . Determine the total reactance in per unit. 4. Assuming S base of 25 and 60 MVA calculate the through impedance in ohms between the generators and the output terminals of the transformer for the system shown in fig. The specifications of the generators and transformer are given in table:Generators1 30 MVA 11 kV X = 0.20 pu G1 (Transformer in delta star) G2 Generators 2 25 MVA 11 kV X =0.25 pu Transformer 60 MVA 11 kV (delta), 66 kV (star) X = 0.10 pu
5. A 50 MVA 15 KV three-phase generator has a sub transient reactance of 0.20 per unit. The generator supplies two motors over a transmission line having transformer at both ends, as shown on the one-line diagram of fig. The motors have rated inputs of 30 MVA and 20 MVA, both 30 KV with 0.15 pu sub transient reactance. The rating of the sending-end transformer T1 is 50 MVA 11-132Y with leakage reactance of 0.10 per unit. Transformer T2 at the receiving end has three single phase transformers connected as a three-phase unit. The rating of each individual transformer is 20 MVA, 33/76 kV with leakage reactance of 0.12 per unit. Series impedance of the line is (25+j75)ohms. Draw the impedance diagram with all impedances marked in per unit. Select the generator rating as the base in the generator circuit.
j0.10
j0.12
6. Fig. shows a two machine system. The rating are as follows: Synchronous generator 20 MVA, 11 kV, X =0.5 pu Synchronous motor 15 MVA, 11 kV, X = 0.15 pu Transformer T1 25 MVA, 12.5 /132Y kV Transformer T2 20 MVA, 132Y/11 kV Line (200+j500) Static load 5 MVA 0.8 power factor lagging Draw the impedance diagram for the system. Choose a base voltage of 132 kV for the transmission line and a base volt-ampere of 20 MVA If the motor is a synchronous machine drawing 15 MVA at 0.9 power factor (leading) and the terminal voltage 1.1 pu find the generator bus voltage.
j0.2
j0.25
4 j0.25
Fig 1
2
08 0.
+j 0. 18
24 0. +j
1 0.03+j0.09
0. 06
Fig 2
20 0.
+j 0. 10
8 0. +j
0. 25
0.20+j0.8
Fig 3
0. 15
.2 j1 3+ 0.
+j 0. 6
Fig.1: Sample System. Table 1:- Input Data Qi (p.u) -0.15 -0.25 -0.30
Bus 1 2 3 4
Vi (p.u) 1.05 0o -
Line No. 1 2 3 4
Table 2:- Line Data Bus Code (p-q) 1-2 1-4 2-3 3-4
2) In question 1, let second be a PV bus now with |V2 |= 1.00 .Find the voltages and bus angles at the three buses by using Gauss iterative and Gauss Seidel methods (solve upto 2 iterations). Using the results obtained, find slack bus power injections and line flows. Table 3 Input Data Bus Pi (p.u) Qi (p.u) Vi (p.u) Type of bus o 1 1.05 0 Slack 2 -0.45 1.00 PV 3 -0.51 -0.25 PQ 4 -0.60 -0.30 PQ
Bus 1 2 3 4
Vi (p.u) 1.05 0o -
Line No. 1 2 3 4
Table 2:- Line Data Bus Code (p-q) 1-2 1-4 2-3 3-4
2) The data for the three bus system is given in table (a) & table (b). Controllable reactive power is available at bus 3 with the constraint,
Table (a):- Bus data BUS REAL LOAD DEMAND 2.0 0.0 1.5 REACTIVE LOAD DEMAND 1.0 0.0 0.6 REAL POWER GENERATION Unspecified 0.5 0.0 REACTIVE POWER GENERATION Unspecified 1.0 QG3=? VOLTAGE SPECIFICATION
1 2 3
Table (b):- Line Data Line No. Bus Code (p-q) Line impedance Shunt admittance 1 1-2 0.02+j0.08 j0.02 2 2-3 0.02+j0.08 j0.02 3 3-1 0.02+j0.08 j0.02 Find the load flow solution using the NR method. Use a tolerance of 0.01 for power mismatch.
Table (b):- Input data (in pu) BUS REACTIVE REAL POWER REACTIVE VOLTAGE SPECIFICATION LOAD GENERATION POWER DEMAND GENERATION 1 2.0 1.0 Unspecified Unspecified V1 = 1.04+j0 (slack Bus) 2 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 Unspecified (PQ Bus) 3 1.5 0.6 0.0 QG3=? V3=1.04 Obtain the load flow solution by Decoupled Newtons and Fast Decoupled Load Flow methods after 3 iterations. 2) If a capacitor of j0.005 pu reactance is added in a line 2-3, obtain the load flow solution using FDLF method after 3 iterations. Compare the results obtained with those in Q1 using FDLF method. REAL LOAD DEMAND
Table (b):- Input data BUS BUS TYPE Vi(PU) Pi Qi i 1 Slack bus 1.00 0 2 PQ bus ? ? -0.5 -0.4 3 PV bus 0.90 ? 0.5 Now, a capacitor of reactance j0.10 is connected between PV bus and the ground. Obtain load flow solution using FDLF method up to 3 iterations, and compare the results. 2) A delta connected balanced resistive load is connected across unbalanced three-phase supply as shown in fig (a). With current in line A and B specified, find the symmetrical components of line currents. Also fine the symmetrical components of the delta currents. The value of resistor is R. The currents in phase A and phase B are 5-j2.5 and 7.5+j10 Amperes, respectively.
A
3) A 25 MVA, 11kV, three-phase generator has a sub transient reactance of 20%. The generator supplies two motor over a transmission line with transformers at both the ends. The motors have inputs of 15 MVA and 7.5 MVA, both 10 kV with 25% sub transient reactance. Three phase transformer are both rated 30 MVA, 10.8/121 kV connection delta-star with leakage reactance 10% each. The series reactance of line 100 ohms. Draw positive and negative sequence of the network of the system in per unit.
2)
3) Determine Z-bus for the following system building algorithm. Verify your result using the relation ZBUS = YBUS-1.
G1
10 MVA 12.5%
G2
11 kV
10 MVA, 10%
33 kV
5 MVA, 8%
6.6 kV
0.135+j0.08
F 3 km cable
2) Three 6.6 kV generators A, B and C, each of 10% leakage reactance and MVA rating 40, 50 and 25, respectively are interconnected electrically, as shown in Fig, by a tie bar through current limiting reactors, and each of 12% reactance based upon the rating of machine to which it is connected. A three-phase feeder is supplied from the bus bar of generator A at a line voltage of 6.6 kV. The feeder has a resistance of 0.12 ohms/phase. Estimate the maximum MVA that can be fed into a symmetrical short circuit at the far end of the feeder.
G1 G2 G3
12%
12%
12%
3) Consider the four bus system of Fig. Buses 1 and 2 are generator buses and 3 and 4 are load buses. The generator are rated 11 kV, 100 MVA, with transient reactance of 10% each. Both the transformers are 11/110 kV, 100 MVA with a leakage reactance of 5%. The reactances of line to the base of 100 MVA, 110 kV are injected on the figure. Obtain the short circuit solution for the three phase solid fault on bus 4.
G1
3
1
j0.15
j0.2 j0.1
j0.1
j0.15
G2
4) A synchronous generator and a synchronous motor each rated 25 MVA, 11 kV having 15 % sub transient reactance are connected through transformers and a line as shown in Fig. The transformers are rated 25MVA, 11/66 kV with leakage reactance 10%. The line has a reactance of 10 % on the base of 25 MVA, 66 kV. The motor is drawing 15 MW at 0.8 pf leading and a terminal voltage of 10.6 kV when a symmetrical 3-phase fault occurs at the motor terminals. Find the substrasient current in generator motor and fault.
G1
Motor
T2
T1 Line
3) 4)
5) 6)
Three phase generator has sub transient reactance of 20% its zero sequence reactance is 0.06. The generator is solidly grounded with reactance 2.5 ohms. Both the motors are rated with 10 kV with 25% reactance. The transformers are rated as 30MVA, 10.8/121 kV connected in star delta each having reactance of 10%, star side is grounded which is on generator side. The series reactance of the line is 100 ohms. For the system shown in question 2) assume the LLG fault and calculate fault current and voltage of the healthy bus. A 10MVA, 6.9kV star connected generator has positive, negative and zero sequence reactance of 25, 20 and 7% respectively. An inductive reactor with 6% reactance based on the rating of the generator is placed in the line from neutral to ground. For a line to line fault at the generator terminals when it is operating at rated voltage and is disconnected from the system determine, (a) initial symmetrical r.m.s. line and neutral currents and (b) line to line and line to neutral voltages. Repeat Q4 for a LLG fault. A small generating station has two alternators, each 5MVA with a reactance of 8%, connected to a bus bar. The circuit breakers at the out-feed are rated 150MVA. A new supply is added rated 10MVA with a reactance of 7.5%. Can the same breakers be used? If not, what is the value of the reactance to be connected in series with the bus bar section, if the bus bar voltage is 3.3kV?
j0.3 pu
4) A two pole 50 Hz 60 MVA turbo generator has a moment of inertia of 9x 10 3 Kgm2. Calculate a) The kinetic energy in MJ at rated speed, b) The inertia constant M and H. c) The inertia constant on 50 MVA base. 5) A 500 MVA synchronous machine has H1 = 4.6 MJ/MVA, and a 1500 MVA machine has H2 =3.0 MJ/MVA. The two machines operate in parallel in power station. What is the equivalent H constant for the two, relative to a 100 MVA base.