REPUBLIKA SRBIJA VISOKA KOLA PRIMENJENIH STRUKOVNIH STUDIJA, VRANJE

SEMINARSKI RAD IZ ENGLESKOG JEZIKA

Tema rada: Systems Of High - Speed Trains

Predmetni nastavnik: prof. dr Maja Stanojevi

Student: Lidija Peri 16/SI

Vranje, 2012.

Contents
Train 3

Types of trains.......................................................................................3 High-Speed Trains................................................................................3 Todays High Speed Train Technology...............................................3 Worldwide High Speed Trains.............................................................4 Advantages of High Speed Trains........................................................4 Future of High Speed Trains...............................................................4 Reference 6

Systems Of High - Speed Trains

Lidija Peri 16/SI

Train
A train is a connected series of vehicles for rail transport that move along a track (permanent way) to transport cargo or passengers from one place to another place. The track usually consists of two rails, but might also be a monorail or maglev guideway.

Types of trains
There are various types of trains that are designed for particular purposes. A train can consist of a combination of one or more locomotives and attached railroad cars, or a selfpropelled multiple unit (or occasionally a single or articulated powered coach, called a railcar). Trains can also be hauled by horses, pulled by a cable, or run downhill by gravity. Special kinds of trains running on corresponding special 'railways' are atmospheric railways, monorails, high-speed railways, maglev, rubber-tired underground, funicular and cog railways.

High-Speed Trains
High speed trains are a type of passenger train travel that functions at a speed much higher than that of traditional passenger trains. There are different standards of what constitutes high speed trains based on the trains speed and technology used however. In the European Union, high speed trains are that which travels 125 miles per hour (200 km/h) or faster, while in the United States it is those that travel 90 mph (145 km/h) or faster.

Todays High Speed Train Technology

Since the development of high speed rail, there have been many changes in the technology used in high speed trains. One of these is maglev (magnetic levitation), but most high speed trains use other technologies because they are easier to implement and they allow for more direct high speed connections to cities without the need for new tracks. Today there are high speed trains that use steel wheels on steel tracks that can travel at speeds over 200 mph. Minimal stopping for traffic, long curves, and aerodynamic, light trains also allow todays high speed trains to travel even faster. In addition, new technologies being

Systems Of High - Speed Trains

Lidija Peri 16/SI implemented in train signaling systems can enable high speed trains to safely minimize time between trains at stations, thereby allowing travel on them to be even more efficient.

Worldwide High Speed Trains

Today, there are many large high speed rail lines around the world. The largest though are found in Europe, China and Japan. In Europe (map), high speed trains operate in Belgium Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Spain, Germany, the U.K. and France currently have the largest high speed train networks in Europe.

Advantages of High Speed Trains

Once completed and well established, high speed train lines have many advantages over other forms of high capacity public transportation. One of these is that due to infrastructure design in many countries, highway and air travel systems are constrained, cannot expand, and in many cases are overloaded. Because the addition of new high speed rail can also be high capacity, it has the potential relieve congestion on other transit systems. High speed trains are also considered more energy efficient or equivalent to other modes of transit per passenger mile. In terms of possible passenger capacity, high speed trains can also reduce the amount of land used per passenger when compared to cars on roads. In addition, train stations are normally smaller than airports and can therefore be located within major cities and spaced closer together, allowing for more convenient travel.

Future of High Speed Trains

Because of these advantages, high speed rail use is increasing worldwide. By 2025 Europe plans to dramatically increase its connections and the EU has a goal of creating a TransEuropean high speed train network to connect the entire region. Other examples of future high speed rail plans can be found across the globe from California to Morocco to Saudi Arabia, thus strengthening the importance of high speed trains as a viable form of future public.

Systems Of High - Speed Trains

Lidija Peri 16/SI

Reference

www.wikipedia.org