Newtons First Law (but with credit to Galileo Galilei!

The original Latin, from Newtons Principia:

Lex I: Corpus omne perseverare in statu suo quiescendi vel movendi uniformiter in directum, nisi quatenus a viribus impressis cogitur statum illum mutare.

And in English:
Law I: Every body persists in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by force impressed.

Newtons Second Law (but no credit to Galileo Galilei!)

The original Latin, from Newtons Principia:

Lex II: Mutationem motus proportionalem esse vi motrici impressae, et eri secundum lineam rectam qua vis illa imprimitur.

And in English:
The change of motiona of a body is proportional to the force impressed on the body, and happens along the straight line on which that force is impressed.
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this as momentump mv for the time being

Newtons Third Law

The original Latin, from Newtons Principia:

Lex III: Actioni contrariam semper et qualem esse reactionem: sive corporum duorum actiones in se mutuo semper esse quales et in partes contrarias dirigi.

And in English:
Law III: To every action there is always an equal and opposite reactiona : or the forces of two bodies on each other are always equal and are directed in opposite directions.
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nomenclature!

Clicker question: The elevator... again!

An elevator suspended by a cable is moving upward and slowing to a stop. Which free-body diagram is correct?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

An example, 1

A block sits at rest on a table. Draw this situation! Counting the block as the system, draw the usual dotted line around the system, and identify the forces acting on the system (those contact forces touching the system, and the long-range forces which are present).

An example, 1

Now we place another block on top of the rst block. Draw it all, including all of the forces amongst the dierent bits of the situation. Identify the action-reaction forces.

An example, 1

What is the net force on the block in the rst part of the example (where there was only one block)? The acceleration in the y-direction is zero, so that Fy = 0. Why am I justied in claiming this?

An example, 1

The forces on the block are its weight (pulling of Earth on it), and the tables force on the block. These are the only forces on the block in our example: Fy = 0 = Ftable + wblock .

on block

An example, 1

In the case of the two blocks, what are the forces on block A? Fy = 0 = Ftable
on block A + wblock A + FB on A .

Notice that this means that the Ftable on block A force is larger than block As weight but thats ne! The table pushes back with more force when block A is laden with more weight. . .. Up to a point.

An example, 1

Now, suppose I take block B o of block A, tie a string around block A, and lift upward, but with less force than As weight. Does As weight change? Does the force Ftable on A change?

Clicker question 2

Seven-year-old Sarah stands on a skateboard. Her older brother, Jackwho happens to be a linebacker on the local high school football teampushes her backwards, and she starts speeding up quickly. The magnitude of the force of Jack on Sarah is A. greater than the force of Sarah on Jack. B. equal to the force of Sarah on Jack. C. less than the force of Sarah on Jack.

Now into Chapter 5

Practice, practice, practice (and, thereby, clear things up, hopefully)!

Example 1

A 100 kg block with a weight of 980 N hangs on a rope. Find the tension in the rope if the block is stationary.

Example 1

A 100 kg block with a weight of 980 N hangs on a rope. Find the tension in the rope if the block is moving upward at a steady speed of 5 m/s.

Example 1

A 100 kg block with a weight of 980 N hangs on a rope. Find the tension in the rope if the block is accelerating upward at 5 m/s2.

Example 2

A ball weighing 60 N hangs from a rope. This ball is pulled to the side by another rope, at an angle of 20 from the vertical. What is the tension in the sideways-pulling rope?

Example 2 my sketch

A ball weighing 60 N hangs from a rope. This ball is pulled to the side by another rope, at an angle of 20 from the vertical. What is the tension in the sideways-pulling rope?

Find the tension in this rope

Example 3 sled

A sled with a mass of 20 kg slides along frictionless ice at 4.5 m/s. It then crosses a rough patch of snow that exerts a friction force of 12 N. How far does the sled slide on the snow before coming to rest?

Example 4 Macie and her wheeled trunk

Macie pulls a 40 kg rolling trunk by a strap angled at 30 from the horizontal. She pulls with a force of 40 N, and there is a 30 N rolling friction acting on the trunk. What is the trunks acceleration?